TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 (cid:0) Excellent Dynamic Range N PACKAGE (cid:0) (TOP VIEW) Wide Bandwidth (cid:0) Built-In Temperature Compensation (cid:0) CA2 1 16 NC Log Linearity (30-dB Sections)...1 dB Typ VCC – 2 15 CB2 (cid:0) Wide Input Voltage Range CA2′ 3 14 CB2′ A1 4 13 GND description Y 5 12 B1 Y 6 11 Z This amplifier circuit contains four 30-dB A2 7 10 Z logarithmic stages. Gain in each stage is such that VCC + 8 9 B2 the output of each stage is proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage over the 30-dB input voltage range. Each half of the circuit contains two NC — No internal connection of these 30-dB stages summed together in one differential output that is proportional to the sum of the logarithms of the input voltages of the two stages. The four stages may be interconnected to obtain a theoretical input voltage range of 120-dB. In practice, this permits the input voltage range typically to be greater than 80-dB with log linearity of ± 0.5-dB (see application data). Bandwidth is from dc to 40 MHz. This circuit is useful in data compression and analog compensation. This logarithmic amplifier is used in log IF circuitry as well as video and log amplifiers. The TL441 is characterized for operation over 0°C to 70°C. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of TexasInstruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright  2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 functional logic diagram (one half) S A1 Log (B1) –15 dB Log Y (Z) CA2 (CB2) A2 Log Y (Z) (B2) –15 dB Log CA2′ (CB2′) Y ∝ log A1 + log A2; Z ∝ log B1 + log B2 where: A1, A2, B1, and B2 are in dBV, 0 dBV = 1 V. CA2, CA2′, CB2, and CB2′ are detector compensation inputs. schematic 8 VCC + 6 10 Y Z 5 11 Y Z 7 9 A2 B2 4 12 A1 B1 13 GND 3 14 CA2′ CB2′ 1 15 CA2 CB2 2 VCC– 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltages (see Note 1): V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 V CC+ VCC – . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –8 V Input voltage (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V Output sink current (any one output) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 mA Package thermal impedance, q (see Notes 2 and 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67°C/W JA Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C Storage temperature range, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to 150°C stg †Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltages, except differential out voltages, are with respect to network ground terminal. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), q JA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/q JA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. 3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. recommended operating conditions MIN MAX UNIT Peak-to-peak input voltage for each 30-dB stage 0.01 1 V Operating free-air temperature, TA 0 70 °C electrical characteristics, VCC± = ±6 V, TA = 25°C TEST PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT FIGURE Differential output offset voltage 1 ±40 mV Quiescent output voltage 2 5.45 5.6 5.85 V DC scale factor (differential output), each 3-dB stage, – 35 dBV to – 5 dBV 3 6 8 12 mV/dB AC scale factor (differential output) 8 mV/dB DC error at – 20 dBV (midpoint of – 35 dBV to – 5 dBV range) 3 1 dB Input impedance 500 W Output impedance 200 W Rise time, 10% to 90% points, CL = 24 pF 4 20 30 ns Supply current from VCC+ 2 14.5 18.5 23 mA Supply current from VCC – 2 – 6 – 8.5 – 10.5 mA Power dissipation 2 123 162 201 mW POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC+ VCC– ICC + VCC+ VCC– ICC– CA2 CA2′ VCC+ VCC– CA2 CA2′ VCC +VCC – A1 Y A1 Y A2 Y A2 Y DVM B1 Z B1 Z B2 Z B2 Z CB2 CB2′ GND CB2 CB2′ GND VO • • PD = VCC+ ICC+ + VCC– ICC– Figure 1 Figure 2 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC+ VCC– CA2 CA2′ VCC+ VCC– A1 Y A2 Y DVM B1 Z B2 Z CB2 CB2′ GND 18 mV DC 100 mV Power 560 mV Supply (cid:1)V –V (cid:2) mV out(560mV) out(18mV) Scale Factor(cid:0) 30 dBV (cid:1) –0.5 V –0.5 V (cid:2) Vout(100mV) out(560mV) out(18mV) Error(cid:0) Scale Factor Figure 3 VCC+ VCC– CI 1000 pF CA2 CA2′ VCC+ VCC– Atten A1 Y A2 Y Tektronix 100 mV B1 Z Sampling Scope 0 mV B2 Z With Digital Pulse CB2 CB2′ GND Readout or Equivalent Generator 50 W CL CL NOTES: A. The input pulse has the following characteristics: tw = 200 ns, tr ≤ 2 ns, tf ≤ 2 ns, PRR ≤ 10 MHz. B. Capacitor CI consists of three capacitors in parallel: 1 m F, 0.1 m F, and 0.01 m F. C. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS† DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE QUIESCENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 60 8 V m 7 age – 50 e – V 6 olt ag et V 40 Volt 5 ut Offs 30 Output 4 utp nt 3 ntial O 20 uiesce 2 e Q Differ 10 VSCeeC F±i g=u ±re6 1V 1 VSCeeC F±i g=u ±re6 2V 0 0 – 75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 – 75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA –Free-Air Temperature –°C TA –Free-Air Temperature –°C Figure 5 Figure 6 DC SCALE FACTOR DC ERROR vs vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE V 12 V 2.0 B B – mV/d 10 nge – d 11..86 put) V Ra 1.4 ut 8 B al O 30-d 1.2 nti 6 of 1.0 r (Differe 4 Midpoint 00..86 cto at cale Fa 2 VSCeeC F±i g=u ±re6 3V C Error 00..42 VSCeeC F±i g=u ±re6 3V S D C 0 0 D – 75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 – 75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA –Free-Air Temperature –°C TA –Free-Air Temperature –°C Figure 7 Figure 8 †Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OUTPUT RISE TIME vs LOAD CAPACITANCE 25 ns 20 – e m Ti e 15 s Ri ut p Out 10 VCC± = ±6 V – TA = 25°C t r See Figure 4, outputs 5 loaded symmetrically 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 CL – Load Capacitance – pF Figure 9 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION Although designed for high-performance applications such as infrared detection, this device has a wide range of applications in data compression and analog computation. basic logarithmic function functional block diagram The basic logarithmic response is derived from the exponential current-voltage relationship of INPUT Log Log INPUT A1 B1 collector current and base-emitter voltage. This relationship is given in the equation: –15 dB –15 dB m • V = In [(I + I )/I ] Log Log BE C CES CES where: CA2 CB2 IC = collector current INPUAT2 Log Log IBN2PUT ICES = collector current at VBE = 0 –15 dB –15 dB m = q/kT (in V – 1) Log Log V = base-emitter voltage BE CA2’ S S CB2’ The differential input amplifier allows dual-polarity inputs, is self-compensating for temperature Y Y Z Z variations, and is relatively insensitive to Outputs common-mode noise. Figure 10 logarithmic sections As can be seen from the schematic, there are eight differential pairs. Each pair is a 15-dB log subsection, and each input feeds two pairs, for a range of 30-dB per stage. Four compensation points are available to allow slight variations in the gain (slope) of the two individual 15-dB stages of input A2 and B2. By slightly changing the voltage on any of the compensation pins from their quiescent values, the gain of that particular 15-dB stage can be adjusted to match the other 15-dB stage in the pair. The compensation pins also can be used to match the transfer characteristics of input A2 to A1 or B2 to B1. The log stages in each half of the circuit are summed by directly connecting their collectors together and summing through a common-base output stage. The two sets of output collectors are used to give two log outputs, Y and Y (or Z and Z), which are equal in amplitude, but opposite in polarity. This increases the versatility of the device. By proper choice of external connections, linear amplification, and linear attenuation, and many different applications requiring logarithmic signal processing are possible input levels The recommended input voltage range of any one stage is given as 0.01 V to 1 V. Input levels in excess of 1 V may result in a distorted output. When several log sections are summed together, the distorted area of one section overlaps with the next section and the resulting distortion is insignificant. However, there is a limit to the amount of overdrive that can be applied. As the input drive reaches ±3.5 V, saturation occurs, clamping the collector-summing line and severely distorting the output. Therefore, the signal to any input must be limited to approximately ±3 V to ensure a clean output. 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION output levels Differential-output-voltage levels are low, generally less than 0.6 V. As demonstrated in Figure 12, the output swing and the slope of the output response can be adjusted by varying the gain by means of the slope control. The coordinate origin also can be adjusted by positioning the offset of the output buffer. circuits Figures 12 through 19 show typical circuits using this logarithmic amplifier. Operational amplifiers not otherwise designated are TLC271. For operation at higher frequencies, the TL592 is recommended instead of the TLC271. TYPICAL TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS 1.4 1.2 Adjusted for Increased 1.0 Slope and Offset V – e 0.8 g a olt 0.6 V ut p ut 0.4 O 0.2 Adjusted For Minimum 0 Slope With Zero Offset – 0.2 10 – 4 10 –3 10 –2 10 –1 1 101 Input Voltage – V A1 Y Origin + – + 1/2 TL441 – Input A2 GND Y Output Slope Figure 12. Output Slope and Origin Adjustment POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO TYPICAL INPUT STAGES 0.4 0.3 V – e g a olt 0.2 V ut p ut O 0.1 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Input Voltage – V 2 kW , 1% 2 kW , 1% B1 Z 1/2 20 kW + TL441 – 2 kW , 1% Output Input B2 GND Z 2 kW , 1% Figure 13. Utilization of Separate Stages 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS WITH BOTH SIDES PARALLELED 0.4 0.3 V – e g a olt 0.2 V ut p ut O 0.1 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Input Voltage – V 2 kW , 1% 2 kW , 1% A1 Y A2 Y 20 kW + TL441 – B1 Z Input 2 kW , 1% Output B2 Z GND 2 kW , 1% Figure 14. Utilization of Paralleled Inputs POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS 0.8 0.7 0.6 V – e 0.5 g a olt 0.4 V ut p ut 0.3 O 0.2 0.1 0 10 – 4 10 –3 10 –2 10 –1 1 101 Input Voltage – V 2 kW 2 kW A1 Y 1 kW VCC + = 4 V 15 kW + A2 Y – Origin + TL441 910 W VCC – = – 4 V 20 kW – B1 Z 5 kW VCC + = 4 V Input 1 kW 2 kW + B2 Z – Slope Output 100 W 910 W VCC – = – 4 V 5 kW 5 kW 100 W NOTES: A. Inputs are limited by reducing the supply voltages for the input amplifiers to ±4 V. B. The gains of the input amplifiers are adjusted to achieve smooth transitions. Figure 15. Logarithmic Amplifier With Input Voltage Range Greater Than 80 dB 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION R R R R A1 Y + TL441 Input A2 R – A Y + OUTPUT W see + – A1 1/2 Y (see Note B) Note A + TL441 – A2 Y – Z R B1 + Input B2 Z – B R R R R NOTES: A. Connections shown are for multiplication. For division, Z and Z connections are reversed. B. Output W may need to be amplified to give actual product or quotient of A and B. C. R designates resistors of equal value, typically 2 kW to 10 kW . Multiplication: W = A • B ⇒ log W = log A + log B, or W = a(logaA + logaB) Division: W = A/B ⇒ log W = log A – log B, or W = a(logaA + logaB) Figure 16. Multiplication or Division R nR R R A1 Y 1/2 – Input A TL441 R + – B1 Z Output + A2 Y + + TL14/241 W – B2 Z – R nR R NOTE: R designates resistors of equal value, typically 2 kW to 10 kW . The power to which the input variable is raised is fixed by setting nR. Output W may need to be amplified to give the correct value. Exponential: W = An ⇒ log W = n log A, or W = a(n loga A) Figure 17. Raising a Variable to a Fixed Power POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13

TL441 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER SLVS328 – OCTOBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION 2 kW 2 kW Input Slope A Origin – Output + A1 1/2 Y W 20 kW + TL441 A2 Y – 2 kW 2 kW NOTE: Adjust the slope to correspond to the base “a”. Exponential to any base: W = a. Figure 18. Raising a Fixed Number to a Variable Power 2.2 kW TL592 0.2 m F A1 Y Input TL592 20 kW ++ Output 1 + A2 –– 0.2 m F 1 – 0.2 m F Y Open 2.2 kW 50 W 50 W 1 kW 1 kW TL441 Gain Adj. Gain Adj. = 400 W 2.2 kW TL592 0.2 m F For 30 dB Z B1 20 kW ++ Output –– 0.2 m F 2 Input TL592 2 + B2 Z – 2.2 kW Open 0.2 m F CA2 CA2’CB2CB2’ 1 kW 1 kW 50 W 50 W 1kW0 1kW0 Gain Adj. Gain Adj. = 400 W For 30 dB VCC – Figure 19. Dual-Channel RF Logarithmic Amplifier With 50-dB Input Range Per Channel at 10 MHz 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 18-Sep-2008 PACKAGING INFORMATION OrderableDevice Status(1) Package Package Pins Package EcoPlan(2) Lead/BallFinish MSLPeakTemp(3) Type Drawing Qty TL441CN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free CUNIPDAU N/AforPkgType (RoHS) TL441CNE4 ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free CUNIPDAU N/AforPkgType (RoHS) TL441CNSR ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green(RoHS& CUNIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM noSb/Br) TL441CNSRE4 ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green(RoHS& CUNIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM noSb/Br) TL441CNSRG4 ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green(RoHS& CUNIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM noSb/Br) (1)Themarketingstatusvaluesaredefinedasfollows: ACTIVE:Productdevicerecommendedfornewdesigns. LIFEBUY:TIhasannouncedthatthedevicewillbediscontinued,andalifetime-buyperiodisineffect. NRND:Notrecommendedfornewdesigns.Deviceisinproductiontosupportexistingcustomers,butTIdoesnotrecommendusingthispartin anewdesign. PREVIEW:Devicehasbeenannouncedbutisnotinproduction.Samplesmayormaynotbeavailable. OBSOLETE:TIhasdiscontinuedtheproductionofthedevice. (2)EcoPlan-Theplannedeco-friendlyclassification:Pb-Free(RoHS),Pb-Free(RoHSExempt),orGreen(RoHS&noSb/Br)-pleasecheck http://www.ti.com/productcontentforthelatestavailabilityinformationandadditionalproductcontentdetails. TBD:ThePb-Free/Greenconversionplanhasnotbeendefined. Pb-Free(RoHS):TI'sterms"Lead-Free"or"Pb-Free"meansemiconductorproductsthatarecompatiblewiththecurrentRoHSrequirements forall6substances,includingtherequirementthatleadnotexceed0.1%byweightinhomogeneousmaterials.Wheredesignedtobesoldered athightemperatures,TIPb-Freeproductsaresuitableforuseinspecifiedlead-freeprocesses. Pb-Free(RoHSExempt):ThiscomponenthasaRoHSexemptionforeither1)lead-basedflip-chipsolderbumpsusedbetweenthedieand package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible)asdefinedabove. Green(RoHS&noSb/Br):TIdefines"Green"tomeanPb-Free(RoHScompatible),andfreeofBromine(Br)andAntimony(Sb)basedflame retardants(BrorSbdonotexceed0.1%byweightinhomogeneousmaterial) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incomingmaterialsandchemicals.TIandTIsuppliersconsidercertaininformationtobeproprietary,andthusCASnumbersandotherlimited informationmaynotbeavailableforrelease. InnoeventshallTI'sliabilityarisingoutofsuchinformationexceedthetotalpurchasepriceoftheTIpart(s)atissueinthisdocumentsoldbyTI toCustomeronanannualbasis. OTHERQUALIFIEDVERSIONSOFTL441: •EnhancedProduct:TL441-EP NOTE:QualifiedVersionDefinitions: •EnhancedProduct-SupportsDefense,AerospaceandMedicalApplications Addendum-Page1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 11-Mar-2008 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *Alldimensionsarenominal Device Package Package Pins SPQ Reel Reel A0(mm) B0(mm) K0(mm) P1 W Pin1 Type Drawing Diameter Width (mm) (mm) Quadrant (mm) W1(mm) TL441CNSR SO NS 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 10.5 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 PackMaterials-Page1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 11-Mar-2008 *Alldimensionsarenominal Device PackageType PackageDrawing Pins SPQ Length(mm) Width(mm) Height(mm) TL441CNSR SO NS 16 2000 346.0 346.0 33.0 PackMaterials-Page2

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