Effective October 2015 Technical Data 4086 Supersedes April 2014 MPI4040 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Applications • Handheld/mobile devices • Portable media players • GPS/PDAs • MP3 Players • Battery operated devices e v • Notebook/netbookt/liapltop i n c t • Tablets/smuartbooks e • LCDr Displays E ff • oLED Drivers 6 , 1 • POL Converters d 0 Denscriuptione , 2 Ednv.iro n mental Data e n t i 5 e • Storage temperatumre range (component): n t • Handles high t rans1ient inrush current spikeest -55°C to +125e°C c o • Magnetiecallyr shielded p l • Operaatingc temperature range: -55°C to +125°C s • Freqbuency range 20kHz to 10eMHz (lAmbient plus self temperature rise) i m d p D • Inductance range fro m 0.10μH to 22μH e • Solder reflow temperature: e p t e •• C4.u7r rxe rn4t. 3r1ay nfgo eoi tfprroinmst s1u.1rfAa ctoe 3m2o.0uAent padcka ger in J-STD-020D compliant S 1.o2, 1.5, 1.85 or 2.0mm heigdhts n •tRugged construction n Pb HHALOFGEN e e FREE • Halogen freme, lead free, RoHS compliant v n m i o 2 c e V R - 0 4 I P M

Technical Data 4086 MPI4040 Effective October 2015 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Product Specifications OCL1 Part marking I 2 I 3 DCR (mΩ) rms sat Part Number5 ± 20% (μH) designator (amps) @ 25°C (amps) ±20% @ 20°C K-factor4 R1 — 1.2mm Height MPI4040R1-R10-R 0.10 A 8.0 32† 8.5 1401 MPI4040R1-R15-R 0.15 B 7.0 26† 11 989 MPI4040R1-R22-R 0.23 C 5.5 21 18 814 MPI4040R1-R33-R 0.33 D 4.4 17 28 659 MPI4040R1-R47-R 0.47 E 5.2 11.5 20 1295 MPI4040R1-R68-R 0.68 F 3.3 9.0 51 461 MPI4040R1-1R0-R 1.0 G 3.7 7.7 40 990 MPI4040R1-1R5-R 1.5 H 3.0 6.5 60 732 MPI4040R1-2R2-R 2.2 I 2.6 5.9 80 623 e MPI4040R1-3R3-R 3.3 J 2.2 5.1 v 115 til 481 i n MPI4040R1-4R7-R 4.7 K 1.8 t3.8 180 411 c u MPI4040R1-6R8-R†† 6.8 L 1.5 e 3.2 250 344 r ff o MPI4040R1-100-R†† 10 M 1E.2 2.8 370 276 6 R2 — 1.5mm Height , 1 d MMPPII44004400RR22--R1R470--RR 01..407 n uAB e 64..46, 2 0 182.9.2 d . 1235 e1943053n t MMPPII44004400RR22--12RR52--RR 12o..52 n ti CD r 1 335..82 l e75..67t e 3578 c e m 760417 c e p a MPI4040R2-3R3-R s 3.3 b E 2.6 e 5.4 l 76 495 MPI4040R2-4R7-RD i 4.7 m F 2.2d 4.3 e p 105 421 MMPPII44004400RR22--61R008--RR†† e p61.08t.0 e rGH y i s 11..85 e d 33..41r 125480 325711 S o d 21.. IOrmps:e nD CC icrcuurriet nInt dfuocr taann caep p(OroCxLi)m Taetset tPeamrapmereatteurrse: 1ri0s0ek oHfz 4, 00°.1C0 wVrmitsh, no0u.0t Acdotcre loss. De-rating is necessary for AeC currennts. 4. BKp--fpa =c tKo r*: UL s*e dD It.oB pd-pe :t e(Grmauinses )B, pK-p: f(Kor- fcaocrteo rl ofrsosm (s teaeb gler)a, pLh: )(.i n ductance in μH), Temperature rise is dependent upon several factors, inclueding the PCB pad layout, trace thickness and width, air-flow DI =(peak-to-peak ripple current in amps). m and proximity to other heat generating componentvs. It is recommended the part temperature not exceed 125°C under 5. Part Number Definition: MPI4040RX-XXX-R worst case operating conditions and therenfore, the temperature rise should be vermified in the end use application. I • MPI4040R = product code and size rms testing was performed on a 19.05mim long x 6.35mm wide x 0.070mm thick copper trace in still air. • X = version indicator 3. I : Peak current for approximately 30% rolloff at +25°C. o • XXX = inductance value in μH, R= decimal point - If no R is present, then last character equals the sat c 2 number of zeros e V • -R suffix = RoHS compliant R - † Transient pulse not to exceed 1 millisecond. 0 †† Maximum operating frequency less than 10MHz, consult factory for application specific values. 4 I P M 2 www.eaton.com/elx

MPI4040 Technical Data 4086 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Effective October 2015 Product Specifications OCL1 Part marking I 2 I 3 DCR (mΩ) rms sat Part Number5 ± 20% (μH) designator (amps) @ 25°C (amps) ±20% @ 20°C K-factor4 R3 — 1.85mm Height MPI4040R3-R22-R 0.22 A 8.0 20 5.8 1870 MPI4040R3-R47-R 0.47 B 5.8 17 10.3 1530 MPI4040R3-1R2-R 1.2 C 4.0 9.4 32 732 MPI4040R3-1R5-R 1.5 D 3.8 8.2 36 673 MPI4040R3-2R2-R 2.2 E 3.4 7.9 48 543 MPI4040R3-3R3-R 3.3 F 3.0 6.6 60 432 MPI4040R3-4R7-R 4.7 G 2.3 4.8 92 374 MPI4040R3-6R8-R 6.8 H 2.0 4.5 120 306 MPI4040R3-100-R 10 I 1.5 3.8 213 251 e MPI4040R3-150-R 15 J 1.3 v 3.0 285 til 213 i n MPI4040R3-220-R†† 22 K 1.1 t 2.2 408 174 c u R4 — 2.0mm Height e r ff o MPI4040R4-R22-R 0.22 A E 10.1 15 5.3 2405 6 MPI4040R4-R33-R 0.33 B , 9.5 1 12.8 6.0 1870 d MMPPII44004400RR44--R1R470--RR 01..405 n u e CD , 85..172 0 181.2.5 d . 81.72 e n 19t59300 MMPPII44004400RR44--12RR52--RR o n 12..t52i rEF 1 5 43..99 l e t 65e..97 c 2335e m 860723 c e p a MPI4040R4-3R3-R††s 3.3 b G e3.3 4.5 l 49 510 MPI4040RD4-4R7i-R†† 4.7 m H d 2.9 e3.9 p 67 455 MMPPII44004400RR44--61R008--RR†††† e p t e61.08 r y IJ i s 21..49e d r 32..26 91148 337046 MPI4040R4-220-SR†† 22 o K d 1.3 1.8 316 203 t n n e 1. Open Circuit Inductance (OCL) Test Parameteres: 100kHz, 0.10Vrms, 0.0Adc 4. K-factor: Used to determine B for core loss (see graph). 2. Irms: DC current for an approximate temvperature rise of 40°C without core loss. De-mrating is necessary for AC currents. Bp-p = K * L * DI.Bp-p : (Gauss), pK-p: (K-factor from table), L: (inductance in μH), Temperature rise is dependentn upon several factors, including the PCB mpad layout, trace thickness and width, air-flow DI =(peak-to-peak ripple current in amps). and proximity to other hieat generating components. It is recommended the part temperature not exceed 125°C under 5. Part Number Definition: MPI4040RX-XXX-R worst case operating conditions and therefore, the temperaturoe rise should be verified in the end use application. I • MPI4040R = product code and size testing was performed on a 19.05mm long x 6.35mm wcide x 0.070mm thick copper trace in still air. 2 rms • X = version indicator 3. I : Peak current for approximately 30% rolloffe at +25°C. V • XXX = inductance value in μH, R= decimal point - If no R is present, then last character equals the sat R - number of zeros 0 • -R suffix = RoHS compliant 4 † Transient pulse not to exceed 1 millisecond. I †† Maximum operating frequency less than 10MHz, consult factory for application specific values. P M www.eaton.com/elx 3

MPI4040 Technical Data 4086 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Effective October 2015 Dimensions (mm) Recommended Pad Layout Schematic 4.06 ±0.25 2.0 2.30 1 A 1 +0.2, -0.1 1.3 ±0.1 1 4.45 1.85 4.95 1.65 ±0.25 ±0.1 2 2 2 Part marking: xabcd Part number A Max x = height: 1 = R1 (1.2mm), 2 = R2 (1.5mm), 3 = R3 (1.85mm), 4 = R4 (2.0mm) MPI4040R1-xxx-R 1.2 MPI4040R2-xxx-R 1.5 ab == IBnid-wuceteaknlcye d vaatelu ceo pdeer the Part marking devsignaetor letter code in Prodtucit lsp ecification table. MPI4040R3-xxx-R 1.8 c = Last digit of year manufactured ti n c u MPI4040R4-xxx-R 2.0 d = Revision level e r ff o E Soldering surfaces to be coplanar within 0.10 millimeters 6 PCB tolerances are ±0.1 millimeters unless stat,ed otherwise 1 d Do not route traces or vias underneath the inductor 0 n u e , 2 d . e n t i 5 e m Packaging information (mnm)t 1 e t e o r l c Supplied in tapes andc reel packaging: b e e p l a MPI40D40Ri1 = 5500 parts per 13”m diameter reel d e p MPI4040R2 = 4500 parts peer 13” diameter reel s r MPI4040R3 = 3500 ppartts per 13” diameter reey l i d e r e MPI4040R4S = 3000 parts per 13” diamoeter reel d t n n e e m v n 1.5 dia 1.5 diam. 4.0 2.0 A 1.75 i o 2 c e V 5.5 R 1. 0 - 12.0 P Ixabcd 4 ±0.30 4.8 M 2 MPI4040R1=1.30 MPI4040R2=1.60 8.0 A MPI4040R3=1.95 MPI4040R4=2.1 SECTION A-A 4.45 User Direction of feed www.eaton.com/elx 4

Technical Data 4086 MPI4040 Effective October 2015 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Temperature rise vs. total loss 70 R2 60 R3 R1, R4 ) C 50 ° ( e s Ri 40 e r u at 30 r e p m e 20 T e l v ti 10 i n t c u e r 0 ff o E 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 6 0.7 0.8 0.9 , 1 d n u e Tota,l L oss2 (W0) d . e n t Core loss i 5 e m n t 1 e t e o r l c c e p a 1s.2mm Height R1 b e 1l.5mm Height R2 i m d p D e e s r p t y i d e r e S o d t n n e e m v n m i o 2 c e V R - 0 4 I P M 1.85mm Height R3 2.0mm Height R4 5 www.eaton.com/elx

Technical Data 4086 MPI4040 Effective October 2015 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors 1.2mm Height R1 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R1-R10-R MPI4040R1-R15-R 110 110 100 100 90 90 L % of OC 7800 % of OCL 7800 60 60 50 50 40 40 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 I D C (Amps) e I D C (Amps) l v ti i n t c u e MPI4040R1-R22-R ff o MrPI4040R1-R33-R E 110 110 6 , 1 100 d 1000 % of OCL 789000 n ti n u e 1 5 , % of OCL2 789000 e t e d . e m e n t o r l c 60 c e p60 a 50 i s m b d e 50 p l 40 D e s 40 r e 0 4 8 p t12 16 20y i 24 d0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 e r e S I D C (Amps) o d I D C (Amps) t n n e e m v MPI4040R1-R47-R MPI4040R1-R68-R n m 120 i o 105 2 c 100 e V 100 % OCL 6800 R P I 4 0 - of OCL 9905 % 85 M 40 80 20 75 0 70 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 I D C (Amps) I D C (Amps) 6 www.eaton.com/elx

MPI4040 Technical Data 4086 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Effective October 2015 1.2mm Height R1 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R1-1R0-R 120 MPI4040R1-1R5-R 120 100 100 CL 80 L 80 O C % 60 % O 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) e l v MPI404t0Ri1-3R3-R 120 MPI4040R1-2R2-R c t1i20 u n e 100 ff 100 o r E % OCL 468000 n u e d , , 2 0 % OCL 1 468000 6 d . e n t i 5 e m 20 n t 1 e 2t0 e o r l c 0 c e p 0 a 0 1 s 2 3 4 5 b 6 7 8 e 0 1 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D i IDC(Ammps) d e p IDC(Amps) e s r e p tMPI4040R1-4R7-R r y i e d MPI4040R1-6R8-R 120 S o d 120 t n n 100 e 100 e m CL 80 n v m CL 80 O O % 60 i o % 60 2 c 40 e V 40 R - 0 20 20 4 I 0 P 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 M2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) MPI4040R1-100-R 120 100 L 80 C O % 60 40 20 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 IDC(Amps) www.eaton.com/elx 7

Technical Data 4086 MPI4040 Effective October 2015 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors 1.5mm Height R2 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R2-R47-R MPI4040R2-1R0-R 120 120 100 100 CL 80 CL 80 O O % 60 % 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) e l MPI4040R2-1R5-R v MPI4040R2-2tR2i-R 120 120 i n t c u e 100 100 r ff o CL 80 E CL 80 6 O , O 1 % 4600 n u e d , % 24600 0 d . e n t i 5 e m 20 n t 1 20 e t e o r l c c e p a 0 0 1 i2 s 3 4 5m 6b 7 8 9 d e 0 0 1 2p l 3 4 5 6 7 8 D IDeC(Amps) s r e IDC(Amps) pMPtI4040R2-3R3-R y i d MPI4040R2-4R7-R 120 S e o r d 1e20 t n 100 n e 100 e m CL 80 n v m CL 80 % O i o % O 60 60 c 2 e V 40 40 R - 0 4 20 20 I P M 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) MPI4040R2-6R8-R MPI4040R2-100-R 120 120 100 100 OCL 80 OCL 80 % 60 % 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) 8 www.eaton.com/elx

MPI4040 Technical Data 4086 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Effective October 2015 1.85mm Height R3 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R3-R22-R MPI4040R3-R47-R 110% 110% 100% 100% 90% 90% 80% 80% % of OCL6700%% % of OCL6700%% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 0.0 2.0e 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0l1 2.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 Idc (Amps) i v Idnc (Atmpis) t c u e r ff o E MPI4040R3-1R2-R 6 MPI4040R3-1R5-R , 1 110.0% d 110.0% 0 100.0% n u e , 2 100.0% d . e n t 90.0% i 5 90.0% e m 80.0% o n t r 1 l80.e0%t c e c e p a % of OCL 6700..00%% D i s m b d e % of OCL 6700..00%% e p l e s r 50.0% p t y i d 50 .0% e r e 40.0% S o d 40.0% t n n 30.0% e 30.0% e m v 20.0% 20.0% 0.0 1.0 2.0n 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 m7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 i Idc (Ampos) 2 Idc (Amps) c e V R - 0 4 MPI4040R3-2RI2-R MPI4040R3-3R3-R P 110.0% 110% M 100.0% 100% 90% 90.0% 80% 80.0% CL70% of OCL 70.0% % of O60% % 60.0% 50% 50.0% 40% 40.0% 30% 30.0% 20% 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 20.0% Idc (Amps) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Idc (Amps) www.eaton.com/elx 9

Technical Data 4086 MPI4040 Effective October 2015 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors 1.85mm Height R3 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R3-4R7-R MPI4040R3-6R8-R 110.0% 110.0% 100.0% 100.0% 90.0% 90.0% 80.0% 80.0% CL 70.0% CL 70.0% O O % of 60.0% % of 60.0% 50.0% 50.0% 40.0% 40.0% 30.0% 30.0% e l v ti 20.0% 20.0% ti n 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0.0c 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 u3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Idc (Amps) e r Idc (Amps) ff o E 6 , 1 MPI4040R3-100-R d MPI4040R3-150-R 0 110.0% n u e , 1120.0% d . e n t 100.0% i 5 100.0% e m 90.0% n t 1 90.0% e t e o r l c 80.0% c e 80.p0% a s b e l OCL 70.0% D i m d OCL 70.0% e p % of 60.0% p t e y i s % of 60.0%d r 50.0% e r 5e0.0% S o d 40.0% n t n 40.0% e e 30.0% m 30.0% v n m 20.0% 20.0% i 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0o 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Idc (Ampcs) 2 Idc (Amps) e V R - 0 MPI4040R3-220-R 4 110.0% P I M 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% CL 70.0% O % of 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Idc (Amps) 10 www.eaton.com/elx

MPI4040 Technical Data 4086 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Effective October 2015 2.0mm Height R4 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R4-R22-R MPI4040R4-R33-R 120 120 100 100 CL 80 CL 80 O O % 60 % 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 IDC(Amps) e IDC(Amp s) l v ti MPI4040R4-R47-R i MPnI4040R4-1R0-R 120 c 1t20 u e r 100 ff 100 o E CL 80 , CL 801 6 O d O % 4600 i n u e 5 , 2 0% 4600 e d . m e n t n t 1 2e0 t e 20 o r l c c e p a 0 0D i 2s 4 e 6IDCm(Amp8sb) 10 s12 d 14e 0 r0 e p2l 4 IDC(6Amps) 8 10 12 p t y i d e MPI4040R4-1R5r-R e MPI4040R4-2R2-R 120 S o d 120 t n n e 100 e m 100 v CL 80 i n m OCL 80 % O 60 e c o V 2 % 60 40 R 0 - 40 4 I 20 20 P M 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) MPI4040R4-3R3-R MPI4040R4-4R7-R 120 120 100 100 CL 80 CL 80 % O 60 % O 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 IDC(Amps) IDC(Amps) www.eaton.com/elx 11

Technical Data 4086 MPI4040 Effective October 2015 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors 2.0mm Height R4 inductance characteristics — % of OCL vs. I DC MPI4040R4-6R8-R MPI4040R4-100-R 120 120 100 100 CL 80 CL 80 O O % 60 % 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 IDC(Amps) v e IDC(Ampts)il i n t c u e MPI4040R4-220-R r ff o 120 E 6 , 1 100 d 0 CL 80 n u e , 2 d . e n t % O 60 n ti 1 5 e t e e m o r l c 40 c e p a s b e l i m d p 20 D e e s r 0 p t y i d 0 0.2 0.4 0.6e 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.r6 1.8 2 2.2 e S IDC(Amps) o d t n n e e m v n m i o 2 c e V R - 0 4 I P M 12 www.eaton.com/elx

MPI4040 Technical Data 4086 High current, high frequency, miniature power inductors Effective October 2015 Solder reflow profile TP Table 1 - Standard SnPb Solder (Tc) TC -5°C Max. Ramp Up Rate = 3°C/s tP Volume Volume Package mm3 mm3 Max. Ramp Down Rate = 6°C/s Thickness <350 ≥350 TL <2.5mm) 235°C 220°C Preheat t ≥2.5mm 220°C 220°C A e Tsmax atur Table 2 - Lead (Pb) Free Solder (Tc) per Volume Volume Volume Tem Tsmin ts PThacickkangees s <m3m503 3m5m03 - 2000 >m2m003 0 <1.6mm 260°C 260°C 260°C 1.6 – 2.5mm 260°C 250°C 245°C >2.5mm 250°C 245°C 245°C e l 25°C Time 25°C to Peak Time ti v n ti c u e r ff o Reference JDEC J-STD-020D E 6 , 1 d Profile Feature Stand0ard SnPb Solder Lead (Pb) Free Solder Preheat and Soak • Temperature min. (Tsmin) n u e , 1200°C d . 150°C e n t • Temperature max. (Tsimax) 5 150°C e 200°Cm • Time (Tsmin to nTsmtax) (ts) 1 60-120 Secoendst 6e0-120 Seconds o r l c Average ramp up rate Tsmcax to Tp e 3°Cp/ Second Max. a 3°C/ Second Max. s b e l Liquidous tempierature (Tl) m d 183°C p 217°C Time at liqDuidous (tL) 60-150 Seconds e 60-150 Seconds e s r Peak package body temperaturpe (TtP)* y i Table 1d Table 2 Time (tp)** within 5 °C oef the specified classification temrperature (Tc) 2e0 Seconds** 30 Seconds** S o d Average ramp-down rate (Tp to Tsmax) t n 6°C/ Second Max. 6°C/ Second Max. n e Time 25°C to Peak Temperature e 6 Minutes Max. 8 Minutes Max. m v * Tolerance for peak profile tempenrature (Tp) is defined as a supplier minimmum and a user maximum. ** Tolerance for time at peiak profile temperature (tp) is defined aso a supplier minimum and a user maximum. 2 c e V R - 0 4 I P M Life Support Policy: Eaton does not authorize the use of any of its products for use in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of an officer of the Company. Life support systems are devices which support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. Eaton reserves the right, without notice, to change design or construction of any products and to discontinue or limit distribution of any products. Eaton also reserves the right to change or update, without notice, any technical information contained in this bulletin. Eaton Electronics Division 1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122 United States www.eaton.com/elx © 2015 Eaton All Rights Reserved Eaton is a registered trademark. Printed in USA Publication No. 4086 BU-SB14232 All other trademarks are property October 2015 of their respective owners.