NXP Semiconductors Document Number: MMA8451Q Data sheet: Technical data Rev. 10.3, 02/2017 MMA8451Q, 3-axis, 14-bit/8-bit digital accelerometer MMA8451Q The MMA8451Q is a smart, low-power, three-axis, capacitive, micromachined accelerometer with 14 bits of resolution. This accelerometer is packed with embedded functions with flexible user programmable options, configurable to two Top and bottom view interrupt pins. Embedded interrupt functions allow for overall power savings relieving the host processor from continuously polling data. There is access to both low-pass filtered data as well as high-pass filtered data, which minimizes the data analysis required for jolt detection and faster transitions. The device can be configured to generate inertial wakeup interrupt signals from any combination of the configurable embedded functions allowing the MMA8451Q to monitor events and remain in a low-power mode during periods of inactivity. The MMA8451Q is available in a 16-pin QFN, 3 mm x 3 mm x 1 mm package. Features 16-pin QFN • 1.95 V to 3.6 V supply voltage 3 mm x 3 mm x 1 mm • 1.6 V to 3.6 V interface voltage • ±2 g/±4 g/±8 g dynamically selectable full scale • Output data rates (ODR) from 1.56 Hz to 800 Hz Top view • 99 μg/√Hz noise D • 14-bit and 8-bit digital output C C D N N V • I2C digital output interface • Two programmable interrupt pins for seven interrupt sources 16 15 14 • Three embedded channels of motion detection VDDIO 1 13 NC — Freefall or motion detection: one channel — Pulse detection: one channel BYP 2 12 GND — Jolt detection: one channel DNC 3 11 INT1 • Orientation (portrait/landscape) detection with programmable hysteresis • Automatic ODR change for auto-wake and return to sleep SCL 4 10 GND • 32-sample FIFO • High-pass filter data available per sample and through the FIFO GND 5 9 INT2 • Self-test 6 7 8 • Current consumption: 6 μA to 165 μA A 0 C D A N S S Typical Applications Pin connections • E-compass applications • Static orientation detection (portrait/landscape, up/down, left/right, back/front position identification) • Notebook, e-reader, and laptop tumble and freefall detection • Real-time orientation detection (virtual reality and gaming 3D user position feedback) • Real-time activity analysis (pedometer step counting, freefall drop detection for HDD, dead-reckoning GPS backup) • Motion detection for portable product power saving (auto-sleep and auto-wake for cell phone, PDA, GPS, gaming) • Shock and vibration monitoring (mechatronic compensation, shipping and warranty usage logging) • User interface (menu scrolling by orientation change, tap detection for button replacement) Ordering information Part number Temperature range Package description Shipping MMA8451QT –40 °C to +85 °C QFN-16 Tray MMA8451QR1 –40 °C to +85 °C QFN-16 Tape and Reel © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2017

Contents Block Diagram and Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Mechanical and Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Mechanical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 I2C interface characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 Zero-g offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3 Self-test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 System Modes (SYSMOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1 Device calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2 8-bit or 14-bit data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.3 Internal FIFO data buffer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.4 Low-power modes vs. high-resolution modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.5 Auto-wake/sleep mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.6 Freefall and motion detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.7 Transient detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.8 Tap detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.9 Orientation detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.10 Interrupt register configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.11 Serial I2C interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6 Register Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.1 Data registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.2 32-sample FIFO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.3 Portrait/landscape embedded function registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.4 Motion and freefall embedded function registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.5 Transient (HPF) acceleration detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.6 Single, double and directional tap detection registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6.7 Auto-wake/sleep detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.8 Control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6.9 User offset correction registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7 Printed Circuit Board Layout and Device Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 7.1 Printed circuit board layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 7.2 Overview of soldering considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 7.3 Halogen content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 8 Package Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 8.1 Tape and reel information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 8.2 Package description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 9 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Related documentation The MMA8451Q device features and operations are described in a variety of reference manuals, user guides, and application notes. To find the most-current versions of these documents: 1. Go to the MMA8453Q web page at http://www.nxp.com/products/:MMA8451Q. 2. Click the Documentation tab. MMA8451Q Sensors 2 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

1 Block Diagram and Pin Description INT1 Internal Clock OSC GEN INT2 VDD X-axis Transducer VDDIO Embedded VSS Y-axis C to V 14-bit DSP I2C SDA Transducer Converter ADC Functions SCL Z-axis Transducer 32 Data Point Freefall Transient Enhanced Shake Detection Single, Double, Configurable Detection Orientation with through and Motion and Directional FIFO Buffer (i.e., fast motion, Hysteresis Motion Detection Tap Detection with Watermark jolt) and Z-lockout Threshold Auto-wake/Auto-sleep configurable with debounce counter and multiple motion interrupts for control MODE Options MODE Options Low Power Low Power Active Mode Active Mode Low Noise + Low Power Low Noise + Low Power High Resolution wake Auto-wake/sleep sleep High Resolution Normal Normal Figure 1. Block diagram Z Earth Gravity X 1 13 1 9 5 Y (TOP VIEW) (BOTTOM VIEW) DIRECTION OF THE DETECTABLE ACCELERATIONS Figure 2. Direction of the detectable accelerations MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 3

Figure 3 shows the device configuration in the six different orientation modes. These orientations are defined as the following: PU = portrait up, LR = landscape right, PD = portrait down, LL = landscape left, back and front side views. There are several registers to configure the orientation detection and are described in detail in the register setting section. Top View PU Pin 1 Earth Gravity Side View LL LR Xout @ 0 g BACK Yout @ –1 g Zout @ 0 g Xout @ 0 g Yout @ 0 g Zout @ –1 g PD Xout @ –1 g Xout @ 1 g Yout @ 0 g Yout @ 0 g FRONT Zout @ 0 g Zout @ 0 g Xout @ 0 g Yout @ 0 g Zout @ 1 g Xout @ 0 g Yout @ 1 g Zout @ 0 g Figure 3. Landscape/portrait orientation 1.6V - 3.6V 1.95V - 3.6V Interface Voltage VDD 4.7μF 16 15 14 1 VDDIOC C D NC 13 N N D V 2 BYP GND 12 0.1μF VDDIO VDDIO 0.1μF 3 NDCNC MMA8451Q INT1 11 4 SCL GND 10 A 0 5 GND SD SA NC INT2 9 4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ 6 7 8 INT1 SCL INT2 SA0 SDA Figure 4. Application diagram MMA8451Q Sensors 4 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 1. Pin description Pin # Pin name Description 1 VDDIO Internal power supply (1.62 V to 3.6 V) 2 BYP Bypass capacitor (0.1 μF) 3 DNC Do not connect to anything, leave pin isolated and floating. 4 SCL I2C serial clock, open drain 5 GND Connect to ground 6 SDA I2C serial data 7 SA0 I2C least significant bit of the device I2C address, I2C 7-bit address = 0x1C (SA0 = 0), 0x1D (SA0 = 1). 8 NC Internally not connected 9 INT2 Inertial interrupt 2, output pin 10 GND Connect to ground 11 INT1 Inertial interrupt 1, output pin 12 GND Connect to ground 13 NC Internally not connected 14 VDD Power supply (1.95 V to 3.6 V) 15 NC Internally not connected 16 NC Internally not connected (can be GND or VDD) The device power is supplied through VDD line. Power supply decoupling capacitors (100 nF ceramic plus 4.7 µF bulk, or a single 4.7 µF ceramic) should be placed as near as possible to the pins 1 and 14 of the device. The control signals SCL, SDA, and SA0 are not tolerant of voltages more than VDDIO + 0.3 V. If VDDIO is removed, the control signals SCL, SDA, and SA0 will clamp any logic signals with their internal ESD protection diodes. The functions, the threshold and the timing of the two interrupt pins (INT1 and INT2) are user programmable through the I2C interface. The SDA and SCL I2C connections are open drain and therefore require a pullup resistor as shown in the application diagram in Figure 4. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 5

2 Mechanical and Electrical Specifications 2.1 Mechanical characteristics Table 2. Mechanical characteristics @ VDD = 2.5 V, VDDIO = 1.8 V, T = 25 °C unless otherwise noted. Parameter Test conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit FS[1:0] set to 00 — ±2 — 2 g mode FS[1:0] set to 01 Measurement range(1) FS — ±4 — g 4 g mode FS[1:0] set to 10 — ±8 — 8 g mode FS[1:0] set to 00 — 4096 — 2 g mode FS[1:0] set to 01 Sensitivity So — 2048 — counts/g 4 g mode FS[1:0] set to 10 — 1024 — 8 g mode Sensitivity accuracy(2) — Soa — ±2.64 — % FS[1:0] set to 00 — — 2 g mode FS[1:0] set to 01 Sensitivity change vs. temperature TCSo — ±0.008 — %/°C 4 g mode FS[1:0] set to 10 — — 8 g mode Zero-g level offset accuracy(3) FS[1:0] 2 g, 4 g, 8 g TyOff — ±17 — mg Zero-g level offset accuracy post-board mount(4) FS[1:0] 2 g, 4 g, 8 g TyOffPBM — ±20 — mg Zero-g level change vs. temperature –40 °C to 85 °C TCOff — ±0.15 — mg/°C Self-test output change(5) X FS[1:0] set to 0 — +181 — Vst LSB Y 4 g mode — +255 — Z — +1680 — ODR accuracy — % 2-MHz clock — — ±2 — Output data bandwidth — BW ODR/3 — ODR/2 Hz Output noise Normal mode ODR = 400 Hz Noise — 126 — µg/√Hz Output noise low-noise mode(1) Normal mode ODR = 400 Hz Noise — 99 — µg/√Hz Operating temperature range — Top –40 — +85 °C 1. Dynamic range is limited to 4 g when the low-noise bit in register 0x2A, bit 2 is set. 2. Sensitivity remains in spec as stated, but changing oversampling mode to low power causes 3% sensitivity shift. This behavior is also seen when changing from 800 Hz to any other data rate in the normal, low-noise + low-power or high-resolution mode. 3. Before board mount. 4. Post-board mount offset specifications are based on an 8-layer PCB, relative to 25 °C. 5. Self-test is one direction only. MMA8451Q Sensors 6 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

2.2 Electrical characteristics Table 3. Electrical characteristics @ VDD = 2.5 V, VDDIO = 1.8 V, T = 25 °C unless otherwise noted. Parameter Test conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Supply voltage — VDD(1) 1.95 2.5 3.6 V Interface supply voltage — VDDIO(1) 1.62 1.8 3.6 V ODR = 1.56 Hz — 6 — ODR = 6.25 Hz — 6 — ODR = 12.5 Hz — 6 — ODR = 50 Hz — 14 — Low-power mode I LP μA dd ODR = 100 Hz — 24 — ODR = 200 Hz — 44 — ODR = 400 Hz — 85 — ODR = 800 Hz — 165 — ODR = 1.56 Hz — 24 — ODR = 6.25 Hz — 24 — ODR = 12.5 Hz — 24 — ODR = 50 Hz — 24 — Normal mode I μA dd ODR = 100 Hz — 44 — ODR = 200 Hz — 85 — ODR = 400 Hz — 165 — ODR = 800 Hz — 165 — Current during boot sequence, 0.5 mSec max VDD = 2.5 V Idd Boot — — 1 mA duration using recommended bypass cap Value of capacitor on BYP pin -40 °C to 85 °C Cap 75 100 470 nF VDD = 2.5 V, VDDIO = 1.8 V, Standby mode current @ 25 °C I Stby — 1.8 5 μA standby mode dd Digital high-level input voltage — — — V SCL, SDA, SA0 VIH 0.75*VDDIO Digital low-level input voltage — V SCL, SDA, SA0 VIL — — 0.3*VDDIO High-level output voltage V INT1, INT2 I = 500 μA VOH 0.9*VDDIO — — O Low-level output voltage V INT1, INT2 I = 500 μA VOL — — 0.1*VDDIO O Low-level output voltage V SDA I = 500 μA VOLS — — 0.1*VDDIO O Power on ramp time — — 0.001 — 1000 ms Boot time — Tbt — 350 500 µs Time to obtain valid data from Turn-on time Ton1 — 2/ODR + 1 ms — standby mode to active mode. Time to obtain valid data from valid Turn-on time Ton2 — 2/ODR + 2 ms — voltage applied. Operating temperature range — Top –40 — +85 °C 1. There is no requirement for power supply sequencing. The VDDIO input voltage can be higher than the VDD input voltage. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 7

2.3 I2C interface characteristics Table 4. I2C slave timing values(1) I2C Fast Mode Parameter Symbol Unit Min Max SCL clock frequency f 0 400 kHz SCL Bus-free time between stop and start condition t 1.3 — μs BUF (Repeated) start hold time t 0.6 — μs HD;STA Repeated start setup time t 0.6 — μs SU;STA Stop condition setup time t 0.6 — μs SU;STO SDA data-hold time t 0.05 0.9(2) μs HD;DAT SDA setup time t 100 — ns SU;DAT SCL clock low time t 1.3 — μs LOW SCL clock high time t 0.6 — μs HIGH SDA and SCL rise time t 20 + 0.1 C (3) 300 ns r b SDA and SCL fall time t 20 + 0.1 C (3) 300 ns f b SDA valid time (4) t — 0.9(2) μs VD;DAT SDA valid acknowledge time (5) t — 0.9(2) μs VD;ACK Pulse width of spikes on SDA and SCL that must be suppressed by t 0 50 ns internal input filter SP Capacitive load for each bus line Cb — 400 pF 1.All values referred to V (0.3 V ) and V (0.7 V ) levels. IH(min) DD IL(max) DD 2.This device does not stretch the low period (t ) of the SCL signal. LOW 3.C = total capacitance of one bus line in pF. b 4.t = time for data signal from SCL low to SDA output (high or low, depending on which one is worse). VD;DAT 5.t = time for acknowledgement signal from SCL low to SDA output (high or low, depending on which one is worse). VD;ACK V = 0.3V IL DD V = 0.7V IH DD Figure 5. I2C slave timing diagram MMA8451Q Sensors 8 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

2.4 Absolute maximum ratings Stresses above those listed as absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 5. Maximum ratings Rating Symbol Value Unit Maximum acceleration (all axes, 100 μs) g 5,000 g max Supply voltage VDD –0.3 to + 3.6 V Input voltage on any control pin (SA0, SCL, SDA) Vin –0.3 to VDDIO + 0.3 V Drop test D 1.8 m drop Operating temperature range T –40 to +85 °C OP Storage temperature range T –40 to +125 °C STG Note: Ultrasonic cleaning is not recommended. The sensing element may be damaged by an ultrasonic cleaning process. Table 6. ESD and latchup protection characteristics Rating Symbol Value Unit Human body model HBM ±2000 V Machine model MM ±200 V Charge device model CDM ±500 V Latchup current at T = 85 °C — ±100 mA This device is sensitive to mechanical shock. Improper handling can cause permanent damage of the part or cause the part to otherwise fail. This device is sensitive to ESD, improper handling can cause permanent damage to the part. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 9

3 Terminology 3.1 Sensitivity The sensitivity is represented in counts/g. In 2 g mode the sensitivity is 4096 counts/g. In 4 g mode the sensitivity is 2048 counts/ g and in 8 g mode the sensitivity is 1024 counts/g. 3.2 Zero-g offset Zero-g offset (TyOff) describes the deviation of an actual output signal from the ideal output signal if the sensor is stationary. A sensor stationary on a horizontal surface will measure 0 g in X-axis and 0 g in Y-axis whereas the Z-axis will measure 1 g. The output is ideally in the middle of the dynamic range of the sensor (content of OUT registers 0x00, data expressed as 2's complement number). A deviation from ideal value in this case is called zero-g offset. Offset is to some extent a result of stress on the MEMS sensor and therefore the offset can slightly change after mounting the sensor onto a printed circuit board or exposing it to extensive mechanical stress. 3.3 Self-test Self-test checks the transducer functionality without external mechanical stimulus. When self-test is activated, an electrostatic actuation force is applied to the sensor, simulating a small acceleration. In this case, the sensor outputs will exhibit a change in their DC levels which are related to the selected full scale through the device sensitivity. When self-test is activated, the device output level is given by the algebraic sum of the signals produced by the acceleration acting on the sensor and by the electrostatic test-force. MMA8451Q Sensors 10 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

4 System Modes (SYSMOD) OFF SYSMOD = 10 Active CTRL_REG1 Active bit = 0 Auto sleep/wake Condition CTRL_REG1 VDD > 1.8 V Active bit = 1 Standby Wake OFF SYSMOD = 00 SYSMOD = 01 VDD < 1.8 V CTRL_REG1 Active bit = 0 Figure 6. Mode transition diagram Table 7. Mode of operation description Mode I2C bus state VDD Function description • The device is powered off < 1.8 V OFF Powered down • All analog and digital blocks are shut down VDDIO can be > VDD • I2C bus inhibited • Only digital blocks are enabled Analog subsystem is disabled Standby I2C communication is possible > 1.8 V • Internal clocks disabled • Registers accessible for read/write • Device is configured in standby mode. Active I2C communication is possible > 1.8 V • All blocks are enabled (digital, analog). (wake/sleep) All register contents are preserved when transitioning from active to standby mode. Some registers are reset when transitioning from standby to active. These are all noted in the device memory map register table. The sleep and wake modes are active modes. For more information on how to use the sleep and wake modes and how to transition between these modes, please refer to the functionality section of this document. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 11

5 Functionality The MMA8451Q is a low-power, digital output, 3-axis linear accelerometer with a I2C interface and embedded logic used to detect events and notify an external microprocessor over interrupt lines. The functionality includes the following: • 8-bit or 14-bit data, high-pass filtered data, 8-bit or 14-bit configurable 32-sample FIFO • Four different oversampling options for compromising between resolution and current consumption based on application requirements • Additional low-noise mode that functions independently of the oversampling modes for higher resolution • Low-power and auto-wake/sleep modes for conservation of current consumption • Single/double tap with directional information one channel • Motion detection with directional information or freefall one channel • Transient/jolt detection based on a high-pass filter and settable threshold for detecting the change in acceleration above a threshold with directional information one channel • Flexible user configurable portrait landscape detection algorithm addressing many use cases for screen orientation All functionality is available in 2 g, 4 g or 8 g dynamic ranges. There are many configuration settings for enabling all the different functions. Separate application notes have been provided to help configure the device for each embedded functionality. Table 8. Features of the MMA845xQ devices Feature list MMA8451Q MMA8452Q MMA8453Q Digital resolution (bits) 14 12 10 Digital sensitivity (counts/g) 4096 1024 256 Data-ready interrupt Yes Yes Yes Single-pulse interrupt Yes Yes Yes Double-pulse interrupt Yes Yes Yes Directional-pulse interrupt Yes Yes Yes Auto-wake Yes Yes Yes Auto-sleep Yes Yes Yes Freefall interrupt Yes Yes Yes 32-level FIFO Yes No No High-pass filter Yes Yes Yes Low-pass filter Yes Yes Yes Orientation detection portrait/landscape = 30°, landscape to portrait = 60°, Yes Yes Yes and fixed 45° threshold Programmable orientation detection Yes No No Motion interrupt with direction Yes Yes Yes Transient detection with high-pass filter Yes Yes Yes Low-power mode Yes Yes Yes 5.1 Device calibration The device interface is factory calibrated for sensitivity and zero-g offset for each axis. The trim values are stored in non-volatile memory (NVM). On power-up, the trim parameters are read from NVM and applied to the circuitry. In normal use, further calibration in the end application is not necessary. However, the MMA8451Q allows the user to adjust the zero-g offset for each axis after power-up, changing the default offset values. The user offset adjustments are stored in six volatile registers. For more information on device calibration, refer to NXP application note AN4069. MMA8451Q Sensors 12 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

5.2 8-bit or 14-bit data The measured acceleration data is stored in the OUT_X_MSB, OUT_X_LSB, OUT_Y_MSB, OUT_Y_LSB, OUT_Z_MSB, and OUT_Z_LSB registers as 2’s complement 14-bit numbers. The most significant 8-bits of each axis are stored in OUT_X (Y, Z)_MSB, so applications needing only 8-bit results can use these three registers and ignore OUT_X,Y, Z_LSB. To do this, the F_READ bit in CTRL_REG1 must be set. When the F_READ bit is cleared, the fast-read mode is disabled. When the full scale is set to 2 g, the measurement range is –2 g to +1.99975 g, and each count corresponds to 1 g/4096 (0.25 mg) at 14-bits resolution. When the full scale is set to 8 g, the measurement range is –8 g to +7.999 g, and each count corresponds to 1 g/1024 (0.98 mg) at 14-bits resolution. The resolution is reduced by a factor of 64 if only the 8-bit results are used. For more information on the data manipulation between data formats and modes, refer to NXP application note AN4076. 5.3 Internal FIFO data buffer MMA8451Q contains a 32-sample internal FIFO data buffer minimizing traffic across the I2C bus. The FIFO can also provide power savings of the system by allowing the host processor/MCU to go into a sleep mode while the accelerometer independently stores the data, up to 32 samples per axis. The FIFO can run at all output data rates. There is the option of accessing the full 14-bit data or for accessing only the 8-bit data. When access speed is more important than high resolution the 8-bit data read is a better option. The FIFO contains four modes (fill buffer, circular buffer, trigger, and disabled) described in the F_SETUP register 0x09. Fill buffer mode collects the first 32 samples and asserts the overflow flag when the buffer is full and another sample arrives. It does not collect any more data until the buffer is read. This benefits data logging applications where all samples must be collected. The circular buffer mode allows the buffer to be filled and then new data replaces the oldest sample in the buffer. The most recent 32 samples will be stored in the buffer. This benefits situations where the processor is waiting for an specific interrupt to signal that the data must be flushed to analyze the event. The trigger mode will hold the last data up to the point when the trigger occurs and can be set to keep a selectable number of samples after the event occurs. The MMA8451Q FIFO buffer has a configurable watermark, allowing the processor to be triggered after a configurable number of samples has filled in the buffer (1 to 32). For details on the configurations for the FIFO buffer as well as more specific examples and application benefits, refer to NXP application note AN4073. 5.4 Low-power modes vs. high-resolution modes The MMA8451Q can be optimized for lower power modes or for higher resolution of the output data. High resolution is achieved by setting the LNOISE bit in register 0x2A. This improves the resolution but be aware that the dynamic range is limited to 4 g when this bit is set. This will affect all internal functions and reduce noise. Another method for improving the resolution of the data is by oversampling. One of the oversampling schemes of the data can activated when MODS = 10 in register 0x2B which will improve the resolution of the output data only. The highest resolution is achieved at 1.56 Hz. There is a trade-off between low power and high resolution. Low power can be achieved when the oversampling rate is reduced. The lowest power is achieved when MODS = 11 or when the sample rate is set to 1.56 Hz. For more information on how to configure the MMA8451Q in low-power mode or high-resolution mode and to realize the benefits, refer to NXP application note AN4075. 5.5 Auto-wake/sleep mode The MMA8451Q can be configured to transition between sample rates (with their respective current consumption) based on four of the interrupt functions of the device. The advantage of using the auto-wake/sleep is that the system can automatically transition to a higher sample rate (higher current consumption) when needed but spends the majority of the time in the sleep mode (lower current) when the device does not require higher sampling rates. Auto-wake refers to the device being triggered by one of the interrupt functions to transition to a higher sample rate. This may also interrupt the processor to transition from a sleep mode to a higher power mode. Sleep mode occurs after the accelerometer has not detected an interrupt for longer than the user definable time-out period. The device will transition to the specified lower sample rate. It may also alert the processor to go into a lower power mode to save on current during this period of inactivity. The interrupts that can wake the device from sleep are the following: tap detection, orientation detection, motion/freefall, and transient detection. The FIFO can be configured to hold the data in the buffer until it is flushed if the FIFO gate bit is set in register 0x2C but the FIFO cannot wake the device from sleep. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 13

The interrupts that can keep the device from falling asleep are the same interrupts that can wake the device with the addition of the FIFO. If the FIFO interrupt is enabled and data is being accessed continually servicing the interrupt then the device will remain in the wake mode. Refer to AN4074, for more detailed information for configuring the auto-wake/sleep. 5.6 Freefall and motion detection MMA8451Q has flexible interrupt architecture for detecting either a freefall or a motion. freefall can be enabled where the set threshold must be less than the configured threshold, or motion can be enabled where the set threshold must be greater than the threshold. The motion configuration has the option of enabling or disabling a high-pass filter to eliminate tilt data (static offset). The freefall does not use the high-pass filter. For details on the freefall and motion detection with specific application examples and recommended configuration settings, refer to NXP application note AN4070. 5.6.1 Freefall detection The detection of freefall involves the monitoring of the X, Y, and Z axes for the condition where the acceleration magnitude is below a user specified threshold for a user definable amount of time. Normally, the usable threshold ranges are between ±100 mg and ±500 mg. 5.6.2 Motion detection Motion is often used to simply alert the main processor that the device is currently in use. When the acceleration exceeds a set threshold the motion interrupt is asserted. A motion can be a fast moving shake or a slow moving tilt. This will depend on the threshold and timing values configured for the event. The motion detection function can analyze static acceleration changes or faster jolts. For example, to detect that an object is spinning, all three axes would be enabled with a threshold detection of > 2 g. This condition would need to occur for a minimum of 100 ms to ensure that the event wasn't just noise. The timing value is set by a configurable debounce counter. The debounce counter acts like a filter to determine whether the condition exists for configurable set of time (i.e., 100 ms or longer). There is also directional data available in the source register to detect the direction of the motion. This is useful for applications such as directional shake or flick, which assists with the algorithm for various gesture detections. 5.7 Transient detection The MMA8451Q has a built-in high-pass filter. Acceleration data goes through the high-pass filter, eliminating the offset (DC) and low frequencies. The high-pass filter cutoff frequency can be set by the user to four different frequencies which are dependent on the output data rate (ODR). A higher cutoff frequency ensures the DC data or slower moving data will be filtered out, allowing only the higher frequencies to pass. The embedded transient detection function uses the high-pass filtered data allowing the user to set the threshold and debounce counter. The transient detection feature can be used in the same manner as the motion detection by bypassing the high-pass filter. There is an option in the configuration register to do this. This adds more flexibility to cover various customer use cases. Many applications use the accelerometer’s static acceleration readings (i.e., tilt) which measure the change in acceleration due to gravity only. These functions benefit from acceleration data being filtered with a low-pass filter where high frequency data is considered noise. However, there are many functions where the accelerometer must analyze dynamic acceleration. Functions such as tap, flick, shake and step counting are based on the analysis of the change in the acceleration. It is simpler to interpret these functions dependent on dynamic acceleration data when the static component has been removed. The transient detection function can be routed to either interrupt pin through bit 5 in CTRL_REG5 register (0x2E). Registers 0x1D to 0x20 are the dedicated transient detection configuration registers. The source register contains directional data to determine the direction of the acceleration, either positive or negative. For details on the benefits of the embedded transient detection function along with specific application examples and recommended configuration settings, please refer to NXP application note AN4071. 5.8 Tap detection The MMA8451Q has embedded single/double and directional tap detection. This function has various customizing timers for setting the pulse time width and the latency time between pulses. There are programmable thresholds for all three axes. The tap detection can be configured to run through the high-pass filter and also through a low-pass filter, which provides more customizing and tunable tap detection schemes. The status register provides updates on the axes where the event was detected and the direction of the tap. For more information on how to configure the device for tap detection please refer to NXP application note AN4072. MMA8451Q Sensors 14 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

5.9 Orientation detection The MMA8451Q incorporates an advanced algorithm for orientation detection (ability to detect all six orientations) with configurable trip points. The embedded algorithm allows the selection of the mid point with the desired hysteresis value. The MMA8451Q orientation detection algorithm confirms the reliability of the function with a configurable Z-lockout angle. Based on known functionality of linear accelerometers, it is not possible to rotate the device about the Z-axis to detect change in acceleration at slow angular speeds. The angle at which the device no longer detects the orientation change is referred to as the Z-lockout angle. The device operates down to 14° from the flat position. For further information on the configuration settings of the orientation detection function, including recommendations for configuring the device to support various application use cases, refer to NXP application note AN4068. Figure 8 shows the definitions of the trip angles going from landscape to portrait (A) and then also from portrait to landscape (B). Top View PU Pin 1 Side View Earth Gravity BACK LL LR Xout @ 0 g Xout @ 0 g Yout @ –1 g Yout @ 0 g Zout @ 0 g Zout @ –1 g FRONT PD Xout @ –1 g Xout @ 1 g Yout @ 0 g Yout @ 0 g Xout @ 0 g Zout @ 0 g Zout @ 0 g Yout @ 0 g Zout @ 1 g Xout @ 0 g Yout @ 1 g Zout @ 0 g Figure 7. Landscape/portrait orientation PORTRAIT PORTRAIT 90° 90° Landscape to portrait Trip angle = 60° Portrait to landscape Trip angle = 30° 0° Landscape 0° Landscape (A) (B) Figure 8. Illustration of landscape to portrait transition (A) and portrait to landscape transition (B) MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 15

Figure 9 illustrates the Z-angle lockout region. When lifting the device upright from the flat position it will be active for orientation detection as low as14° from flat. This is user configurable. The default angle is 29° but it can be set as low as 14°. . UPRIGHT 90° NORMAL DETECTION REGION Z-LOCK = 29° LOCKOUT REGION 0° FLAT Figure 9. Illustration of Z-tilt angle lockout transition 5.10 Interrupt register configurations There are seven configurable interrupts in the MMA8451Q: data ready, motion/freefall, tap (pulse), orientation, transient, FIFO and auto-sleep events. These seven interrupt sources can be routed to one of two interrupt pins. The interrupt source must be enabled and configured. If the event flag is asserted because the event condition is detected, the corresponding interrupt pin, INT1 or INT2, will assert. Data Ready Motion/Freefall INT1 Tap (Pulse) INTERRUPT Orientation CONTROLLER Transient INT2 FIFO Auto-sleep 7 7 INT ENABLE INT CFG Figure 10. System interrupt generation block diagram 5.11 Serial I2C interface Acceleration data may be accessed through an I2C interface thus making the device particularly suitable for direct interfacing with a microcontroller. The MMA8451Q features an interrupt signal which indicates when a new set of measured acceleration data is available thus simplifying data synchronization in the digital system that uses the device. The MMA8451Q may also be configured to generate other interrupt signals accordingly to the programmable embedded functions of the device for motion, freefall, transient, orientation, and tap. MMA8451Q Sensors 16 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

The registers embedded inside the MMA8451Q are accessed through the I2C serial interface (Table 9). To enable the I2C interface, VDDIO line must be tied high (i.e., to the interface supply voltage). If VDD is not present and VDDIO is present, the MMA8451Q is in off mode and communications on the I2C interface are ignored. The I2C interface may be used for communications between other I2C devices and the MMA8451Q does not affect the I2C bus. Table 9. Serial interface pin description Pin name Pin description SCL I2C serial clock SDA I2C serial data SA0 I2C least significant bit of the device address There are two signals associated with the I2C bus; the serial clock line (SCL) and the serial data line (SDA). The latter is a bidirectional line used for sending and receiving the data to/from the interface. External pullup resistors connected to VDDIO are expected for SDA and SCL. When the bus is free both the lines are high. The I2C interface is compliant with fast mode (400 kHz), and normal mode (100 kHz) I2C standards (Table 4). 5.11.1 I2C operation The transaction on the bus is started through a start condition (start) signal. Start condition is defined as a high to low transition on the data line while the SCL line is held high. After start has been transmitted by the master, the bus is considered busy. The next byte of data transmitted after start contains the slave address in the first seven bits, and the eighth bit tells whether the master is receiving data from the slave or transmitting data to the slave. When an address is sent, each device in the system compares the first seven bits after a start condition with its address. If they match, the device considers itself addressed by the master. The 9th clock pulse, following the slave address byte (and each subsequent byte) is the acknowledge (ACK). The transmitter must release the SDA line during the ACK period. The receiver must then pull the data line low so that it remains stable low during the high period of the acknowledge clock period. A low to high transition on the SDA line while the SCL line is high is defined as a stop condition (stop). A data transfer is always terminated by a stop. A master may also issue a repeated start during a data transfer. The MMA8451Q expects repeated starts to be used to randomly read from specific registers. The MMA8451Q's standard slave address is a choice between the two sequential addresses 0011100 and 0011101. The selection is made by the high- and low-logic level of the SA0 (pin 7) input respectively. The slave addresses are factory programmed and alternate addresses are available at customer request. The format is shown in Table 10. Table 10. I2C address selection table Slave address (SA0 = 0) Slave address (SA0 = 1) Comment 0011100 (0x1C) 0011101 (0x1D) Factory default Single-byte read The MMA8451Q has an internal ADC that can sample, convert and return sensor data on request. The transmission of an 8-bit command begins on the falling edge of SCL. After the eight clock cycles are used to send the command, note that the data returned is sent with the MSB first once the data is received. Figure 11 shows the timing diagram for the accelerometer 8-bit I2C read operation. The master (or MCU) transmits a start condition (ST) to the MMA8451Q, slave address ($1D), with the R/W bit set to ‘0’ for a write, and the MMA8451Q sends an acknowledgement. Then the master (or MCU) transmits the address of the register to read and the MMA8451Q sends an acknowledgement. The master (or MCU) transmits a repeated start condition (SR) and then addresses the MMA8451Q ($1D) with the R/W bit set to ‘1’ for a read from the previously selected register. The slave then acknowledges and transmits the data from the requested register. The master does not acknowledge (NAK) the transmitted data, but transmits a stop condition to end the data transfer. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 17

Multiple-byte read When performing a multi-byte read or burst read, the MMA8451Q automatically increments the received register address commands after a read command is received. Therefore, after following the steps of a single byte read, multiple bytes of data can be read from sequential registers after each MMA8451Q acknowledgment (AK) is received until a no acknowledge (NAK) occurs from the master followed by a stop condition (SP) signaling an end of transmission. Single-byte write To start a write command, the master transmits a start condition (ST) to the MMA8451Q, slave address ($1D) with the R/W bit set to ‘0’ for a write, the MMA8451Q sends an acknowledgement. Then the master (MCU) transmits the address of the register to write to, and the MMA8451Q sends an acknowledgement. Then the master (or MCU) transmits the 8-bit data to write to the designated register and the MMA8451Q sends an acknowledgement that it has received the data. Since this transmission is complete, the master transmits a stop condition (SP) to the data transfer. The data sent to the MMA8451Q is now stored in the appropriate register. Multiple-byte write The MMA8451Q automatically increments the received register address commands after a write command is received. Therefore, after following the steps of a single byte write, multiple bytes of data can be written to sequential registers after each MMA8451Q acknowledgment (ACK) is received. Table 11. I2C device address sequence [6:1] [0] [6:0] Command R/W 8-bit final value Device address SA0 Device address Read 001110 0 0x1C 1 0x39 Write 001110 0 0x1C 0 0x38 Read 001110 1 0x1D 1 0x3B Write 001110 1 0x1D 0 0x3A MMA8451Q Sensors 18 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

I2C data sequence diagrams < Single-byte read > Master ST Device Address[6:0] W Register Address[7:0] SR Device Address[6:0] R NAK SP Slave AK AK AK Data[7:0] < Multiple-byte read > Master ST Device Address[6:0] W Register Address[7:0] SR Device Address[6:0] R AK Slave AK AK AK Data[7:0] Master AK AK NAK SP Slave Data[7:0] Data[7:0] Data[7:0] < Single-byte write > Master ST Device Address[6:0] W Register Address[7:0] Data[7:0] SP Slave AK AK AK < Multiple-byte write > Master ST Device Address[6:0] W Register Address[7:0] Data[7:0] Data[7:0] SP Slave AK AK AK AK Legend ST: Start condition SP: Stop condition NAK: No acknowledge W: Write = 0 SR: Repeated start condition AK: Acknowledge R: Read = 1 Figure 11. I2C data sequence diagrams MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 19

6 Register Descriptions Table 12. Register address map Auto-increment address Register Hex Name Type Default Comment address FMODE = 0 FMODE > 0 FMODE = 0 FMODE > 0 value F_READ = 0 F_READ = 0 F_READ = 1 F_READ = 1 STATUS/F_STATUS(1)(2) R 0x00 0x01 00000000 0x00 FMODE = 0, real time status FMODE > 0, FIFO status [7:0] are eight Root pointer to OUT_X_MSB(1)(2) R 0x01 0x02 0x01 0x03 0x01 Output — MSBs of 14-bit XYZ FIFO data. sample. OUT_X_LSB(1)(2) R 0x02 0x03 0x00 Output — [7:2] are six LSBs of 14-bit real- time sample OUT_Y_MSB(1)(2) R 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x00 Output — [7:0] are eight MSBs of 14-bit real- time sample OUT_Y_LSB(1)(2) R 0x04 0x05 0x00 Output — [7:2] are six LSBs of 14-bit real- time sample OUT_Z_MSB(1)(2) R 0x05 0x06 0x00 Output — [7:0] are eight MSBs of 14-bit real- time sample OUT_Z_LSB(1)(2) R 0x06 0x00 Output — [7:2] are six LSBs of 14-bit real- time sample Reserved R 0x07 — — — — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. Reserved R 0x08 — — — — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. F_SETUP(1)(3) R/W 0x09 0x0A 00000000 0x00 FIFO setup TRIG_CFG(1)(4) R/W 0x0A 0x0B 00000000 0x00 Map of FIFO data capture events SYSMOD(1)(2) R 0x0B 0x0C 00000000 0x00 Current system mode INT_SOURCE(1)(2) R 0x0C 0x0D 00000000 0x00 Interrupt status WHO_AM_I(1) R 0x0D 0x0E 00011010 0x1A Device ID (0x1A) XYZ_DATA_CFG(1)(4) R/W 0x0E 0x0F 00000000 0x00 Dynamic range settings HP_FILTER_CUTOFF(1)(4) R/W 0x0F 0x10 00000000 0x00 Cutoff frequency is set to 16 Hz @ 800 Hz PL_STATUS(1)(2) R 0x10 0x11 00000000 0x00 Landscape/portrait orientation status PL_CFG(1)(4) R/W 0x11 0x12 10000000 0x80 Landscape/portrait configuration. PL_COUNT(1)(3) R/W 0x12 0x13 00000000 0x00 Landscape/portrait debounce counter PL_BF_ZCOMP(1)(4) R/W 0x13 0x14 01000100 0x44 Back/front, Z-lock trip threshold P_L_THS_REG(1)(4) R/W 0x14 0x15 10000100 0x84 Portrait to landscape trip angle is 29° FF_MT_CFG(1)(4) R/W 0x15 0x16 00000000 0x00 Freefall/motion functional block configuration FF_MT_SRC(1)(2) R 0x16 0x17 00000000 0x00 Freefall/motion event source register FF_MT_THS(1)(3) R/W 0x17 0x18 00000000 0x00 Freefall/motion threshold register FF_MT_COUNT(1)(3) R/W 0x18 0x19 00000000 0x00 Freefall/motion debounce counter Reserved R 0x19 — — — — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. Reserved R 0x1A — — — — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. Reserved R 0x1B — — — — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. Reserved R 0x1C — — — — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. TRANSIENT_CFG(1)(4) R/W 0x1D 0x1E 00000000 0x00 Transient functional block configuration TRANSIENT_SCR(1)(2) R 0x1E 0x1F 00000000 0x00 Transient event status register TRANSIENT_THS(1)(3) R/W 0x1F 0x20 00000000 0x00 Transient event threshold TRANSIENT_COUNT(1)(3) R/W 0x20 0x21 00000000 0x00 Transient debounce counter MMA8451Q Sensors 20 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 12. Register address map (continued) Auto-increment address Register Hex Name Type Default Comment address FMODE = 0 FMODE > 0 FMODE = 0 FMODE > 0 value F_READ = 0 F_READ = 0 F_READ = 1 F_READ = 1 PULSE_CFG(1)(4) R/W 0x21 0x22 00000000 0x00 ELE, double_XYZ or single_XYZ PULSE_SRC(1)(2) R 0x22 0x23 00000000 0x00 EA, double_XYZ or single_XYZ PULSE_THSX(1)(3) R/W 0x23 0x24 00000000 0x00 X pulse threshold PULSE_THSY(1)(3) R/W 0x24 0x25 00000000 0x00 Y pulse threshold PULSE_THSZ(1)(3) R/W 0x25 0x26 00000000 0x00 Z pulse threshold PULSE_TMLT(1)(4) R/W 0x26 0x27 00000000 0x00 Time limit for pulse PULSE_LTCY(1)(4) R/W 0x27 0x28 00000000 0x00 Latency time for 2nd pulse PULSE_WIND(1)(4) R/W 0x28 0x29 00000000 0x00 Window time for 2nd pulse ASLP_COUNT(1)(4) R/W 0x29 0x2A 00000000 0x00 Counter setting for auto-sleep CTRL_REG1(1)(4) R/W 0x2A 0x2B 00000000 0x00 ODR = 800 Hz, standby mode. CTRL_REG2(1)(4) R/W 0x2B 0x2C 00000000 0x00 Sleep enable, OS modes, RST, ST CTRL_REG3(1)(4) R/W 0x2C 0x2D 00000000 0x00 Wake from sleep, IPOL, PP_OD CTRL_REG4(1)(4) R/W 0x2D 0x2E 00000000 0x00 Interrupt enable register CTRL_REG5(1)(4) R/W 0x2E 0x2F 00000000 0x00 Interrupt pin (INT1/INT2) map OFF_X(1)(4) R/W 0x2F 0x30 00000000 0x00 X-axis offset adjust OFF_Y(1)(4) R/W 0x30 0x31 00000000 0x00 Y-axis offset adjust OFF_Z(1)(4) R/W 0x31 0x0D 00000000 0x00 Z-axis offset adjust Reserved (do not modify) 0x40 – 7F — — — Reserved. Read return 0x00. 1. Register contents are preserved when transition from active to standby mode occurs. 2. Register contents are reset when transition from standby to active mode occurs. 3. Register contents can be modified anytime in standby or active mode. A write to this register will cause a reset of the corresponding internal system debounce counter. 4. Modification of this register’s contents can only occur when device is standby mode except CTRL_REG1 active bit and CTRL_REG2 RST bit. Note:Auto-increment addresses which are not a simple increment are highlighted in bold. The auto-increment addressing is only enabled when device registers are read using I2C burst read mode. Therefore the internal storage of the auto-increment address is cleared whenever a stop-bit is detected. 6.1 Data registers The following are the data registers for the MMA8451Q. For more information on data manipulation of the MMA8451Q, refer to application note, AN4076. When the F_MODE bits found in register 0x09 (F_SETUP), bits 7 and 6 are both cleared (the FIFO is not on). Register 0x00 reflects the real-time status information of the X, Y and Z sample data. When the F_MODE value is greater than zero the FIFO is on (in either fill, circular or trigger mode). In this case register 0x00 will reflect the status of the FIFO. It is expected when the FIFO is on that the user will access the data from register 0x01 (X_MSB) for either the 14-bit or 8-bit data. When accessing the 8-bit data the F_READ bit (register 0x2A) is set which modifies the auto-incrementing to skip over the LSB data. When F_READ bit is cleared the 14-bit data is read accessing all six bytes sequentially (X_MSB, X_LSB, Y_MSB, Y_LSB, Z_MSB, Z_LSB). F_MODE = 00: 0x00 STATUS: Data status register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ZYXOW ZOW YOW XOW ZYXDR ZDR YDR XDR Table 13. STATUS description Field Description X, Y, Z-axis data overwrite. Default value: 0 ZYXOW 0: No data overwrite has occurred 1: Previous X, Y, or Z data was overwritten by new X, Y, or Z data before it was read MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 21

Table 13. STATUS description (continued) Field Description Z-axis data overwrite. Default value: 0 ZOW 0: No data overwrite has occurred 1: Previous Z-axis data was overwritten by new Z-axis data before it was read Y-axis data overwrite. Default value: 0 YOW 0: No data overwrite has occurred 1: Previous Y-axis data was overwritten by new Y-axis data before it was read X-axis data overwrite. Default value: 0 XOW 0: No data overwrite has occurred 1: Previous X-axis data was overwritten by new X-axis data before it was read X, Y, Z-axis new data ready. Default value: 0 ZYXDR 0: No new set of data ready 1: A new set of data is ready Z-axis new data available. Default value: 0 ZDR 0: No new Z-axis data is ready 1: A new Z-axis data is ready Y-axis new data available. Default value: 0 YDR 0: No new Y-axis data ready 1: A new Y-axis data is ready X-axis new data available. Default value: 0 XDR 0: No new X-axis data ready 1: A new X-axis data is ready ZYXOW is set whenever a new acceleration data is produced before completing the retrieval of the previous set. This event occurs when the content of at least one acceleration data register (i.e., OUT_X, OUT_Y, OUT_Z) has been overwritten. ZYXOW is cleared when the high bytes of the acceleration data (OUT_X_MSB, OUT_Y_MSB, OUT_Z_MSB) of all the active channels are read. ZOW is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the Z-axis is generated before the retrieval of the previous sample. When this occurs the previous sample is overwritten. ZOW is cleared anytime OUT_Z_MSB register is read. YOW is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the Y-axis is generated before the retrieval of the previous sample. When this occurs the previous sample is overwritten. YOW is cleared anytime OUT_Y_MSB register is read. XOW is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the X-axis is generated before the retrieval of the previous sample. When this occurs the previous sample is overwritten. XOW is cleared anytime OUT_X_MSB register is read. ZYXDR signals that a new sample for any of the enabled channels is available. ZYXDR is cleared when the high bytes of the acceleration data (OUT_X_MSB, OUT_Y_MSB, OUT_Z_MSB) of all the enabled channels are read. ZDR is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the Z-axis is generated. ZDR is cleared anytime OUT_Z_MSB register is read. YDR is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the Y-axis is generated. YDR is cleared anytime OUT_Y_MSB register is read. XDR is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the X-axis is generated. XDR is cleared anytime OUT_X_MSB register is read. Data registers: 0x01 OUT_X_MSB, 0x02 OUT_X_LSB, 0x03 OUT_Y_MSB, 0x04 OUT_Y_LSB, 0x05 OUT_Z_MSB, 0x06 OUT_Z_LSB These registers contain the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, and 14-bit output sample data expressed as 2's complement numbers. Note: The sample data output registers store the current sample data if the FIFO data output register driver is disabled, but if the FIFO data output register driver is enabled (F_MODE > 00) the sample data output registers point to the head of the FIFO buffer (register 0x01 X_MSB) which contains the previous 32 X, Y, and Z-data samples. Data registers F_MODE = 00 0x01: OUT_X_MSB: X_MSB register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 XD13 XD12 XD11 XD10 XD9 XD8 XD7 XD6 MMA8451Q Sensors 22 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

0x02: OUT_X_LSB: X_LSB register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 XD5 XD4 XD3 XD2 XD1 XD0 0 0 0x03: OUT_Y_MSB: Y_MSB register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 YD13 YD12 YD11 YD10 YD9 YD8 YD7 YD6 0x04: OUT_Y_LSB: Y_LSB register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 YD5 YD4 YD3 YD2 YD1 YD0 0 0 0x05: OUT_Z_MSB: Z_MSB register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ZD13 ZD12 ZD11 ZD10 ZD9 ZD8 ZD7 ZD6 0x06: OUT_Z_LSB: Z_LSB register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ZD5 ZD4 ZD3 ZD2 ZD1 ZD0 0 0 OUT_X_MSB, OUT_X_LSB, OUT_Y_MSB, OUT_Y_LSB, OUT_Z_MSB, and OUT_Z_LSB are stored in the auto-incrementing address range of 0x01 to 0x06 to reduce reading the status followed by 14-bit axis data to seven bytes. If the F_READ bit is set (0x2A bit 1), auto increment will skip over LSB registers. This will shorten the data acquisition from seven bytes to four bytes. The LSB registers can only be read immediately following the read access of the corresponding MSB register. A random read access to the LSB registers is not possible. Reading the MSB register and then the LSB register in sequence ensures that both bytes (LSB and MSB) belong to the same data sample, even if a new data sample arrives between reading the MSB and the LSB byte. 6.2 32-sample FIFO The following registers are used to configure the FIFO. For more information on the FIFO please refer to AN4073. F_MODE > 0 0x00: F_STATUS FIFO status register When F_MODE > 0, register 0x00 becomes the FIFO status register which is used to retrieve information about the FIFO. This register has a flag for the overflow and watermark. It also has a counter that can be read to obtain the number of samples stored in the buffer when the FIFO is enabled. 0x00: F_STATUS: FIFO status register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 F_OVF F_WMRK_FLAG F_CNT5 F_CNT4 F_CNT3 F_CNT2 F_CNT1 F_CNT0 Table 14. FIFO flag event description F_OVF F_WMRK_FLAG Event Description 0 — No FIFO overflow events detected. 1 — FIFO event detected; FIFO has overflowed. — 0 No FIFO watermark events detected. FIFO watermark event detected. FIFO sample count is greater than watermark value. — 1 If F_MODE = 11, Trigger event detected. The F_OVF and F_WMRK_FLAG flags remain asserted while the event source is still active, but the user can clear the FIFO interrupt bit flag in the interrupt source register (INT_SOURCE) by reading the F_STATUS register. In this case, the SRC_FIFO MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 23

bit in the INT_SOURCE register will be set again when the next data sample enters the FIFO. Therefore the F_OVF bit flag will remain asserted while the FIFO has overflowed and the F_WMRK_FLAG bit flag will remain asserted while the F_CNT value is equal to or greater than then F_WMRK value. If the FIFO overflow flag is cleared and if F_MODE = 11 then the FIFO overflow flag will remain 0 before the trigger event even if the FIFO is full and overflows. If the FIFO overflow flag is set and if F_MODE is = 11, the FIFO has stopped accepting samples. Table 15. FIFO sample count description Field Description FIFO sample counter. Default value: 00_0000. F_CNT[5:0] (00_0001 to 10_0000 indicates 1 to 32 samples stored in FIFO F_CNT[5:0] bits indicate the number of acceleration samples currently stored in the FIFO buffer. Count 000000 indicates that the FIFO is empty. 0x09: F_SETUP FIFO setup register 0x09 F_SETUP: FIFO setup register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 F_MODE1 F_MODE0 F_WMRK5 F_WMRK4 F_WMRK3 F_WMRK2 F_WMRK1 F_WMRK0 Table 16. F_SETUP description Field Description FIFO buffer overflow mode. Default value: 0. 00: FIFO is disabled. 01: FIFO contains the most recent samples when overflowed (circular buffer). Oldest sample is discarded to be replaced by new sample. 10: FIFO stops accepting new samples when overflowed. 11: Trigger mode. The FIFO will be in a circular mode up to the number of samples in the watermark. The FIFO will be in a circular mode until the trigger event occurs after that the FIFO will continue to accept F_MODE[1:0](1)(2) samples for 32-WMRK samples and then stop receiving further samples. This allows data to be collected both before and after the trigger event and it is definable by the watermark setting. The FIFO is flushed whenever the FIFO is disabled, during an automatic ODR change (auto-wake/sleep), or transitioning from standby mode to active mode. Disabling the FIFO (F_MODE = 00) resets the F_OVF, F_WMRK_FLAG, F_CNT to zero. A FIFO overflow event (i.e., F_CNT = 32) will assert the F_OVF flag and a FIFO sample count equal to the sample count watermark (i.e., F_WMRK) asserts the F_WMRK_FLAG event flag. FIFO event sample count watermark. Default value: 00_0000. These bits set the number of FIFO samples required to trigger a watermark interrupt. A FIFO watermark event F_WMRK[5:0](2) flag is raised when FIFO sample count F_CNT[5:0] ≥ F_WMRK[5:0] watermark. Setting the F_WMRK[5:0] to 00_0000 will disable the FIFO watermark event flag generation. Also used to set the number of pre-trigger samples in trigger mode. 1. Bit field can be written in active mode. 2. Bit field can be written in standby mode. The FIFO mode can be changed while in the active state. The mode must first be disabled F_MODE = 00 then the mode can be switched between fill mode, circular mode and trigger mode. A FIFO sample count exceeding the watermark event does not stop the FIFO from accepting new data. The FIFO update rate is dictated by the selected system ODR. In active mode the ODR is set by the DR bits in the CTRL_REG1 register. When auto-sleep is active the ODR is set by the ASLP_RATE field in the CTRL_REG1 register. When a byte is read from the FIFO buffer the oldest sample data in the FIFO buffer is returned and also deleted from the front of the FIFO buffer, while the FIFO sample count is decremented by one. It is assumed that the host application shall use the I2C multi- byte read transaction to empty the FIFO. 0x0A: TRIG_CFG In the trigger configuration register the bits that are set (logic ‘1’) control which function may trigger the FIFO to its interrupt and conversely bits that are cleared (logic ‘0’) indicate which function has not asserted its interrupt. MMA8451Q Sensors 24 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

The bits set are rising edge sensitive, and are set by a low to high state change and reset by reading the appropriate source register. 0x0A: TRIG_CFG trigger configuration register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 — — Trig_TRANS Trig_LNDPRT Trig_PULSE Trig_FF_MT — — Table 17. Trigger configuration description Field Description Trig_TRANS Transient interrupt trigger bit. Default value: 0 Trig_LNDPRT Landscape/portrait orientation interrupt trigger bit. Default value: 0 Trig_PULSE Pulse interrupt trigger bit. Default value: 0 Trig_FF_MT Freefall/motion trigger bit. Default value: 0 0x0B: SYSMOD system mode register The system mode register indicates the current device operating mode. Applications using the auto-sleep/wake mechanism should use this register to synchronize the application with the device operating mode transitions. The system mode register also indicates the status of the FIFO gate error and number of samples since the gate error occurred. 0x0B: SYSMOD: System mode register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 FGERR FGT_4 FGT_3 FGT_2 FGT_1 FGT_0 SYSMOD1 SYSMOD0 Table 18. SYSMOD description Field Description FIFO gate error. Default value: 0. 0: No FIFO gate error detected. FGERR 1: FIFO gate error was detected. Emptying the FIFO buffer clears the FGERR bit in the SYS_MOD register. See section 0x2C: CTRL_REG3 interrupt control register for more information on configuring the FIFO gate function. FGT[4:0] Number of ODR time units since FGERR was asserted. Reset when FGERR cleared. Default value: 0_0000 System mode. Default value: 00. 00: Standby mode SYSMOD[1:0] 01: Wake mode 10: Sleep mode 0x0C: INT_SOURCE system interrupt status register In the interrupt source register the status of the various embedded features can be determined. The bits that are set (logic ‘1’) indicate which function has asserted an interrupt and conversely the bits that are cleared (logic ‘0’) indicate which function has not asserted or has deasserted an interrupt. The bits are set by a low to high transition and are cleared by reading the appropriate interrupt source register. The SRC_DRDY bit is cleared by reading the X, Y and Z data. It is not cleared by simply reading the status register (0x00). 0x0C: INT_SOURCE: system interrupt status register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 SRC_ASLP SRC_FIFO SRC_TRANS SRC_LNDPRT SRC_PULSE SRC_FF_MT — SRC_DRDY MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 25

Table 19. INT_SOURCE description Field Description Auto-sleep/wake interrupt status bit. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that an interrupt event that can cause a wake to sleep or sleep to wake system mode transition has occurred. Logic ‘0’ indicates that no wake to sleep or sleep to wake system mode transition interrupt event has occurred. SRC_ASLP Wake to sleep transition occurs when no interrupt occurs for a time period that exceeds the user specified limit (ASLP_COUNT). This causes the system to transition to a user specified low ODR setting. Sleep to wake transition occurs when the user specified interrupt event has woken the system; thus causing the system to transition to a user specified high ODR setting. Reading the SYSMOD register clears the SRC_ASLP bit. FIFO interrupt status bit. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that a FIFO interrupt event such as an overflow event or watermark has occurred. Logic ‘0’ indicates that no FIFO interrupt event has occurred. SRC_FIFO FIFO interrupt event generators: FIFO Overflow, or (Watermark: F_CNT = F_WMRK) and the interrupt has been enabled. This bit is cleared by reading the F_STATUS register. Transient interrupt status bit. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that an acceleration transient value greater than user specified threshold has occurred. Logic ‘0’ SRC_TRANS indicates that no transient event has occurred. This bit is asserted whenever EA bit in the TRANS_SRC is asserted and the interrupt has been enabled. This bit is cleared by reading the TRANS_SRC register. Landscape/portrait orientation interrupt status bit. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that an interrupt was generated due to a change in the device orientation status. Logic ‘0’ indicates SRC_LNDPRT that no change in orientation status was detected. This bit is asserted whenever NEWLP bit in the PL_STATUS is asserted and the interrupt has been enabled. This bit is cleared by reading the PL_STATUS register. Pulse interrupt status bit. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that an interrupt was generated due to single and/or double pulse event. Logic ‘0’ indicates that no SRC_PULSE pulse event was detected. This bit is asserted whenever EA bit in the PULSE_SRC is asserted and the interrupt has been enabled. This bit is cleared by reading the PULSE_SRC register. Freefall/motion interrupt status bit. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that the freefall/motion function interrupt is active. Logic ‘0’ indicates that no freefall or motion event SRC_FF_MT was detected. This bit is asserted whenever EA bit in the FF_MT_SRC register is asserted and the FF_MT interrupt has been enabled. This bit is cleared by reading the FF_MT_SRC register. Data-ready interrupt bit status. Default value: 0. Logic ‘1’ indicates that the X, Y, Z data-ready interrupt is active indicating the presence of new data and/or data overrun. SRC_DRDY Otherwise if it is a logic ‘0’ the X, Y, Z interrupt is not active. This bit is asserted when the ZYXOW and/or ZYXDR is set and the interrupt has been enabled. This bit is cleared by reading the X, Y, and Z data. 0x0D: WHO_AM_I Device ID register The device identification register identifies the part. The default value is 0x1A. This value is factory programmed. Consult the factory for custom alternate values. 0x0D: WHO_AM_I Device ID register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0x0E: XYZ_DATA_CFG register The XYZ_DATA_CFG register sets the dynamic range and sets the high-pass filter for the output data. When the HPF_OUT bit is set, both the FIFO and DATA registers will contain high-pass filtered data. MMA8451Q Sensors 26 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

0x0E: XYZ_DATA_CFG (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 0 0 HPF_OUT 0 0 FS1 FS0 Table 20. XYZ data configuration descriptions Field Description HPF_OUT Enable high-pass output data 1 = output data high-pass filtered. Default value: 0. FS[1:0] Output buffer data format full scale. Default value: 00 (2 g). The default full-scale value range is 2 g and the high-pass filter is disabled. Table 21. Full-scale range FS1 FS0 Full-scale range 0 0 2 0 1 4 1 0 8 1 1 Reserved 0x0F: HP_FILTER_CUTOFF high-pass filter register This register sets the high-pass filter cutoff frequency for removal of the offset and slower changing acceleration data. The output of this filter is indicated by the data registers (0x01 to 0x06) when bit 4 (HPF_OUT) of register 0x0E is set. The filter cutoff options change based on the data rate selected as shown in Table 23. For details of implementation on the high-pass filter, refer to NXP application note AN4071. 0x0F: HP_FILTER_CUTOFF: high-pass filter register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 0 Pulse_HPF_BYP Pulse_LPF_EN 0 0 SEL1 SEL0 Table 22. High-pass filter cutoff register descriptions Field Description Bypass high-pass filter (HPF) for pulse processing function. Pulse_HPF_BYP 0: HPF enabled for pulse processing, 1: HPF bypassed for pulse processing Default value: 0. Enable low-pass filter (LPF) for pulse processing function. Pulse_LPF_EN 0: LPF disabled for pulse processing, 1: LPF enabled for pulse processing Default value: 0. HPF cutoff frequency selection. SEL[1:0] Default value: 00 (see Table 23). MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 27

Table 23. High-pass filter cutoff options SEL1 SEL0 800 Hz 400 Hz 200 Hz 100 Hz 50 Hz 12.5 Hz 6.25 Hz 1.56 Hz Oversampling mode = normal 0 0 16 Hz 16 Hz 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 0 1 8 Hz 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 1 Hz 1 Hz 1 Hz 1 0 4 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.5 Hz 1 1 2 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz Oversampling mode = low noise low power 0 0 16 Hz 16 Hz 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.5 Hz 0 1 8 Hz 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz 1 0 4 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.125 Hz 0.125 Hz 0.125 Hz 1 1 2 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.063 Hz 0.063 Hz 0.063 Hz Oversampling mode = high resolution 0 0 16 Hz 16 Hz 16 Hz 16 Hz 16 Hz 16 Hz 16 Hz 16 Hz 0 1 8 Hz 8 Hz 8 Hz 8 Hz 8 Hz 8 Hz 8 Hz 8 Hz 1 0 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz 1 1 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz 2 Hz Oversampling mode = low power 0 0 16 Hz 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.25 Hz 0 1 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.125 Hz 0.125 Hz 0.125 Hz 1 0 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.063 Hz 0.063 Hz 0.063 Hz 1 1 2 Hz 1 Hz 0.5 Hz 0.25 Hz 0.125 Hz 0.031 Hz 0.031 Hz 0.031 Hz 6.3 Portrait/landscape embedded function registers For more details on the meaning of the different user configurable settings and for example code refer to NXP application note AN4068. 0x10: PL_STATUS portrait/landscape status register This status register can be read to get updated information on any change in orientation by reading Bit 7, or on the specifics of the orientation by reading the other bits. For further understanding of portrait up, portrait down, landscape left, landscape right, back and front orientations please refer to Figure 3. The interrupt is cleared when reading the PL_STATUS register. 0x10: PL_STATUS register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 NEWLP LO — — — LAPO[1] LAPO[0] BAFRO Table 24. PL_STATUS register description Field Description Landscape/portrait status change flag. Default value: 0. NEWLP 0: No change, 1: BAFRO and/or LAPO and/or Z-tilt lockout value has changed Z-tilt angle lockout. Default value: 0. LO 0: Lockout condition has not been detected. 1: Z-tilt lockout trip angle has been exceeded. Lockout has been detected. MMA8451Q Sensors 28 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 24. PL_STATUS register description (continued) Landscape/portrait orientation. Default value: 00 00: Portrait up: Equipment standing vertically in the normal orientation LAPO[1:0](1) 01: Portrait down: Equipment standing vertically in the inverted orientation 10: Landscape right: Equipment is in landscape mode to the right 11: Landscape left: Equipment is in landscape mode to the left. Back or front orientation. default value: 0 BAFRO 0: Front: Equipment is in the front facing orientation. 1: Back: Equipment is in the back facing orientation. 1. The default power up state is BAFRO = 0, LAPO = 0, and LO = 0. NEWLP is set to 1 after the first orientation detection after a standby to active transition, and whenever a change in LO, BAFRO, or LAPO occurs. NEWLP bit is cleared anytime PL_STATUS register is read. The orientation mechanism state change is limited to a maximum 1.25 g. LAPO BAFRO and LO continue to change when NEWLP is set. The current position is locked if the absolute value of the acceleration experienced on any of the three axes is greater than 1.25 g. 0x11: Portrait/landscape configuration register This register enables the portrait/landscape function and sets the behavior of the debounce counter. 0x11: PL_CFG register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 DBCNTM PL_EN — — — — — — Table 25. PL_CFG description Field Description Debounce counter mode selection. Default value: 1 DBCNTM 0: Decrements debounce whenever condition of interest is no longer valid. 1: Clears counter whenever condition of interest is no longer valid. Portrait/landscape detection enable. Default value: 0 PL_EN 0: Portrait/landscape detection is disabled. 1: Portrait/landscape detection is enabled. 0x12: Portrait/landscape debounce counter This register sets the debounce count for the orientation state transition. The minimum debounce latency is determined by the data rate set by the product of the selected system ODR and PL_COUNT registers. Any transition from wake to sleep or vice versa resets the internal landscape/portrait debounce counter. Note: The debounce counter weighting (time step) changes based on the ODR and the oversampling mode. Table 27 explains the time step value for all sample rates and all oversampling modes. 0x12: PL_COUNT register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 DBNCE[7] DBNCE[6] DBNCE[5] DBNCE[4] DBNCE[3] DBNCE[2] DBNCE[1] DBNCE[0] Table 26. PL_COUNT description Field Description DBCNE[7:0] Debounce count value. Default value: 0000_0000. Table 27. PL_COUNT relationship with the ODR Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 29

Table 27. PL_COUNT relationship with the ODR 400 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 200 1.28 1.28 0.638 1.28 5 5 2.5 5 100 2.55 2.55 0.638 2.55 10 10 2.5 10 50 5.1 5.1 0.638 5.1 20 20 2.5 20 12.5 5.1 20.4 0.638 20.4 20 80 2.5 80 6.25 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 1.56 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 0x13: PL_BF_ZCOMP back/front and Z compensation register The Z-lock angle compensation bits allow the user to adjust the Z-lockout region from 14° up to 43°. The default Z-lockout angle is set to the default value of 29° upon power up. The back to front trip angle is set by default to ±75° but this angle also can be adjusted from a range of 65° to 80° with 5° step increments. 0x13: PL_BF_ZCOMP register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 BKFR[1] BKFR[0] — — — ZLOCK[2] ZLOCK[1] ZLOCK[0] Table 28. PL_BF_ZCOMP description Field Description Back/front trip angle threshold. Default: 01 ≥ ±75°. Step size is 5°. BKFR[7:6] Range: ±(65° to 80°). Z-lock angle threshold. Range is from 14° to 43°. Step size is 4°. ZLOCK[2:0] Default value: 100 ≥ 29°. Maximum value: 111 ≥ 43°. Note: All angles are accurate to ±2°. Table 29. Z-lock threshold angles Z-lock value Threshold angle 0x00 14° 0x01 18° 0x02 21° 0x03 25° 0x04 29° 0x05 33° 0x06 37° 0x07 42° Table 30. Back/front orientation definition BKFR Back/front transition Front/back transition 00 Z < 80° or Z > 280° Z > 100° and Z < 260° 01 Z < 75° or Z > 285° Z > 105° and Z < 255° 10 Z < 70° or Z > 290° Z > 110° and Z < 250° 11 Z < 65° or Z > 295° Z > 115° and Z < 245° MMA8451Q Sensors 30 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

0x14: PL_THS_REG portrait/landscape threshold and hysteresis register This register represents the portrait to landscape trip threshold register used to set the trip angle for transitioning from portrait to landscape and landscape to portrait. This register includes a value for the hysteresis. 0x14: PL_THS_REG register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 PL_THS[4] PL_THS[3] PL_THS[2] PL_THS[1] PL_THS[0] HYS[2] HYS[1] HYS[0] Table 31. PL_THS_REG description Field Description Portrait/landscape trip threshold angle from 15° to 75°. See Table 32 for the values with the corresponding approximate PL_THS[7:3] threshold angle. Default value: 1_0000 (45°). This angle is added to the threshold angle for a smoother transition from portrait to landscape and landscape to portrait. This HYS[2:0] angle ranges from 0° to ±24°. The default is 100 (±14°). Table 32 is a lookup table to set the threshold. This is the center value that will be set for the trip point from portrait to landscape and landscape to portrait. The default trip angle is 45° (0x10). The default hysteresis is ±14°. Note: The condition THS + HYS > 0 and THS + HYS < 32 must be met in order for landscape/portrait detection to work properly. The value of 32 represents the sum of both PL_THS and HYS register values in decimal. For example, THS angle = 75°, PL_THS = 25(dec) then max HYS must be set to 6 to meet the condition THS + HYS < 32. To configure correctly the hysteresis (HYS) angle must be smaller than the threshold angle (PL_THS). Table 32. Threshold angle thresholds lookup table Threshold angle (approx.) 5-bit register value 15° 0x07 20° 0x09 30° 0x0C 35° 0x0D 40° 0x0F 45° 0x10 55° 0x13 60° 0x14 70° 0x17 75° 0x19 Table 33. Trip angles with hysteresis for 45° angle Hysteresis Hysteresis Landscape to portrait Portrait to landscape register value ± angle range trip angle trip angle 0 ±0 45° 45° 1 ±4 49° 41° 2 ±7 52° 38° 3 ±11 56° 34° 4 ±14 59° 31° 5 ±17 62° 28° 6 ±21 66° 24° 7 ±24 69° 21° MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 31

6.4 Motion and freefall embedded function registers The freefall/motion function can be configured in either freefall or motion detection mode via the OAE configuration bit (0x15 bit 6). The freefall/motion detection block can be disabled by setting all three bits ZEFE, YEFE, and XEFE to zero. Depending on the register bits ELE (0x15 bit 7) and OAE (0x15 bit 6), each of the freefall and motion detection block can operate in four different modes: Mode 1: Freefall detection with ELE = 0, OAE = 0 In this mode, the EA bit (0x16 bit 7) indicates a freefall event after the debounce counter is complete. The ZEFE, YEFE, and XEFE control bits determine which axes are considered for the freefall detection. Once the EA bit is set, and DBCNTM = 0, the EA bit can get cleared only after the delay specified by FF_MT_COUNT. This is because the counter is in decrement mode. If DBCNTM = 1, the EA bit is cleared as soon as the freefall condition disappears, and will not be set again before the delay specified by FF_MT_COUNT has passed. Reading the FF_MT_SRC register does not clear the EA bit. The event flags (0x16) ZHE, ZHP, YHE, YHP, XHE, and XHP reflect the motion detection status (i.e. high-g event) without any debouncing, provided that the corresponding bits ZEFE, YEFE, and/or XEFE are set. Mode 2: Freefall detection with ELE = 1, OAE = 0 In this mode, the EA event bit indicates a freefall event after the debounce counter. Once the debounce counter reaches the time value for the set threshold, the EA bit is set, and remains set until the FF_MT_SRC register is read. When the FF_MT_SRC register is read, the EA bit and the debounce counter are cleared and a new event can only be generated after the delay specified by FF_MT_CNT. The ZEFE, YEFE, and XEFE control bits determine which axes are considered for the freefall detection. While EA = 0, the event flags ZHE, ZHP, YHE, YHP, XHE, and XHP reflect the motion detection status (i.e., high-g event) without any debouncing, provided that the corresponding bits ZEFE, YEFE, and/or XEFE are set. The event flags ZHE, ZHP, YHE, YHP, XHE, and XHP are latched when the EA event bit is set. The event flags ZHE, ZHP, YHE, YHP, XHE, and XHP will start changing only after the FF_MT_SRC register has been read. Mode 3: Motion detection with ELE = 0, OAE = 1 In this mode, the EA bit indicates a motion event after the debounce counter time is reached. The ZEFE, YEFE, and XEFE control bits determine which axes are taken into consideration for motion detection. Once the EA bit is set, and DBCNTM = 0, the EA bit can get cleared only after the delay specified by FF_MT_COUNT. If DBCNTM = 1, the EA bit is cleared as soon as the motion high-g condition disappears. The event flags ZHE, ZHP, YHE, YHP, XHE, and XHP reflect the motion detection status (i.e., high-g event) without any debouncing, provided that the corresponding bits ZEFE, YEFE, and/or XEFE are set. Reading the FF_MT_SRC does not clear any flags, nor is the debounce counter reset. Mode 4: Motion detection with ELE = 1, OAE = 1 In this mode, the EA bit indicates a motion event after debouncing. The ZEFE, YEFE, and XEFE control bits determine which axes are taken into consideration for motion detection. Once the debounce counter reaches the threshold, the EA bit is set, and remains set until the FF_MT_SRC register is read. When the FF_MT_SRC register is read, all register bits are cleared and the debounce counter are cleared and a new event can only be generated after the delay specified by FF_MT_CNT. While the bit EA is zero, the event flags ZHE, ZHP, YHE, YHP, XHE, and XHP reflect the motion detection status (i.e., high-g event) without any debouncing, provided that the corresponding bits ZEFE, YEFE, and/or XEFE are set. When the EA bit is set, these bits keep their current value until the FF_MT_SRC register is read. 0x15: FF_MT_CFG freefall/motion configuration register This is the freefall/motion configuration register for setting up the conditions of the freefall or motion function. 0x15: FF_MT_CFG register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ELE OAE ZEFE YEFE XEFE — — — MMA8451Q Sensors 32 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 34. FF_MT_CFG description Field Description Event latch enable: Event flags are latched into FF_MT_SRC register. Reading of the FF_MT_SRC register clears the event ELE flag EA and all FF_MT_SRC bits. Default value: 0. 0: Event flag latch disabled; 1: Event flag latch enabled Motion detect/freefall detect flag selection. Default value: 0. (freefall flag) OAE 0: Freefall flag (logical AND combination) 1: Motion flag (logical OR combination) Event flag enable on Z. Default value: 0. ZEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Raise event flag on measured acceleration value beyond preset threshold Event flag enable on Y event. Default value: 0. YEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Raise event flag on measured acceleration value beyond preset threshold Event flag enable on X event. Default value: 0. XEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Raise event flag on measured acceleration value beyond preset threshold OAE bit allows the selection between motion (logical OR combination) and freefall (logical AND combination) detection. ELE denotes whether the enabled event flag will to be latched in the FF_MT_SRC register or the event flag status in the FF_MT_SRC will indicate the real-time status of the event. If ELE bit is set to a logic ‘1’, then the event flags are frozen when the EA bit gets set, and are cleared by reading the FF_MT_SRC source register. ZHFE, YEFE, XEFE enable the detection of a motion or freefall event when the measured acceleration data on X, Y, Z channel is beyond the threshold set in FF_MT_THS register. If the ELE bit is set to logic ‘1’ in the FF_MT_CFG register new event flags are blocked from updating the FF_MT_SRC register. FF_MT_THS is the threshold register used to detect freefall motion events. The unsigned 7-bit FF_MT_THS threshold register holds the threshold for the freefall detection where the magnitude of the X and Y and Z acceleration values is lower or equal than the threshold value. Conversely, the FF_MT_THS also holds the threshold for the motion detection where the magnitude of the X or Y or Z acceleration value is higher than the threshold value. +8 g X, Y, Z High-g Region Positive High-g + Threshold (Motion) Acceleration X, Y, Z Low-g Region Low-g Threshold (Freefall) Negative High-g - Threshold (Motion) Acceleration X, Y, Z High-g Region –8 g Figure 12. FF_MT_CFG high- and low-g level MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 33

0x16: FF_MT_SRC freefall/motion source register 0x16: FF_MT_SRC freefall and motion source register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 EA — ZHE ZHP YHE YHP XHE XHP Table 35. Freefall/motion source description Field Description Event active flag. Default value: 0. EA 0: No event flag has been asserted; 1: One or more event flag has been asserted. See the description of the OAE bit to determine the effect of the 3-axis event flags on the EA bit. Z-motion flag. Default value: 0. ZHE 0: No Z-motion event detected, 1: Z motion has been detected This bit reads always zero if the ZEFE control bit is set to zero Z-motion polarity flag. Default value: 0. ZHP 0: Z event was positive g, 1: Z event was negative g This bit read always zero if the ZEFE control bit is set to zero Y-motion flag. Default value: 0. YHE 0: No-motion event detected, 1: Y motion has been detected This bit read always zero if the YEFE control bit is set to zero Y-motion polarity flag. Default value: 0 YHP 0: Y event detected was positive g, 1: Y event was negative g This bit reads always zero if the YEFE control bit is set to zero X-motion flag. Default value: 0 XHE 0: No X-motion event detected, 1: X-motion has been detected This bit reads always zero if the XEFE control bit is set to zero X-motion polarity flag. Default value: 0 XHP 0: X event was positive g, 1: X event was negative g This bit reads always zero if the XEFE control bit is set to zero This register keeps track of the acceleration event which is triggering (or has triggered, in case of ELE bit in FF_MT_CFG register being set to 1) the event flag. In particular EA is set to a logic ‘1’ when the logical combination of acceleration events flags specified in FF_MT_CFG register is true. This bit is used in combination with the values in INT_EN_FF_MT and INT_CFG_FF_MT register bits to generate the freefall/motion interrupts. An X,Y, or Z motion is true when the acceleration value of the X or Y or Z channel is higher than the preset threshold value defined in the FF_MT_THS register. Conversely an X, Y, and Z low event is true when the acceleration value of the X and Y and Z channel is lower than or equal to the preset threshold value defined in the FF_MT_THS register. 0x17: FF_MT_THS freefall and motion threshold register 0x17: FF_MT_THS register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 DBCNTM THS6 THS5 THS4 THS3 THS2 THS1 THS0 Table 36. FF_MT_THS description Field Description Debounce counter mode selection. Default value: 0. DBCNTM 0: increments or decrements debounce, 1: increments or clears counter. THS[6:0] Freefall/motion threshold: Default value: 000_0000. MMA8451Q Sensors 34 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

The threshold resolution is 0.063 g/LSB and the threshold register has a range of 0 to 127 counts. The maximum range is to 8 g. Note that even when the full-scale value is set to 2 g or 4 g the motion detects up to 8 g. If the low-noise bit is set in register 0x2A then the maximum threshold will be limited to 4 g regardless of the full-scale range. DBCNTM bit configures the way in which the debounce counter is reset when the inertial event of interest is momentarily not true. When DBCNTM bit is a logic ‘1’, the debounce counter is cleared to 0 whenever the inertial event of interest is no longer true as shown in Figure 13, (b). While the DBCNTM bit is set to logic ‘0’ the debounce counter is decremented by 1 whenever the inertial event of interest is no longer true (Figure 13, (c)) until the debounce counter reaches 0 or the inertial event of interest becomes active. Decrementing the debounce counter acts as a median enabling the system to filter out irregular spurious events which might impede the detection of inertial events. 0x18: FF_MT_COUNT debounce register This register sets the number of debounce sample counts for the event trigger. 0x18: FF_MT_COUNT register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Table 37. FF_MT_COUNT description Field Description D[7:0] Count value. Default value: 0000_0000 This register sets the minimum number of debounce sample counts of continuously matching the detection condition user selected for the freefall, motion event. When the internal debounce counter reaches the FF_MT_COUNT value a freefall/motion event flag is set. The debounce counter will never increase beyond the FF_MT_COUNT value. Time step used for the debounce sample count depends on the ODR chosen and the oversampling mode as shown in Table 38. Table 38. FF_MT_COUNT relationship with the ODR Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 400 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 200 1.28 1.28 0.638 1.28 5 5 2.5 5 100 2.55 2.55 0.638 2.55 10 10 2.5 10 50 5.1 5.1 0.638 5.1 20 20 2.5 20 12.5 5.1 20.4 0.638 20.4 20 80 2.5 80 6.25 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 1.56 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 35

High-g Event on all 3-axis (Motion Detect) Count Threshold (a) FF Counter Value FFEA High-g Event on all 3-axis (Motion Detect) DBCNTM = 1 Count Threshold Debounce (b) Counter Value EA High g Event on all 3-axis (Motion Detect) DBCNTM = 0 Count Threshold Debounce (c) Counter Value EA Figure 13. DBCNTM Bit Function 6.5 Transient (HPF) acceleration detection For more information on the uses of the transient function please review NXP application note AN4071. This function is similar to the motion detection except that high-pass filtered data is compared. There is an option to disable the high-pass filter through the function. In this case the behavior is the same as the motion detection. This allows for the device to have two motion detection functions. 0x1D: Transient_CFG register The transient detection mechanism can be configured to raise an interrupt when the magnitude of the high-pass filtered acceleration threshold is exceeded. The TRANSIENT_CFG register is used to enable the transient interrupt generation mechanism for the three axes (X, Y, Z) of acceleration. There is also an option to bypass the high-pass filter. When the high-pass filter is bypassed, the function behaves similar to the motion detection. 0x1D: TRANSIENT_CFG register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 — — — ELE ZTEFE YTEFE XTEFE HPF_BYP MMA8451Q Sensors 36 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 39. TRANSIENT_CFG description Field Description Transient event flags are latched into the TRANSIENT_SRC register. Reading of the TRANSIENT_SRC register clears the event ELE flag. Default value: 0. 0: Event flag latch disabled; 1: Event flag latch enabled Event flag enable on Z transient acceleration greater than transient threshold event. Default value: 0. ZTEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Raise event flag on measured acceleration delta value greater than transient threshold. Event flag enable on Y transient acceleration greater than transient threshold event. Default value: 0. YTEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Raise event flag on measured acceleration delta value greater than transient threshold. Event flag enable on X transient acceleration greater than transient threshold event. Default value: 0. XTEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Raise event flag on measured acceleration delta value greater than transient threshold. Bypass high-pass filter. Default value: 0. HPF_BYP 0: Data to transient acceleration detection block is through HPF 1: Data to transient acceleration detection block is NOT through HPF (similar to motion detection function) 0x1E: TRANSIENT_SRC register The transient source register provides the status of the enabled axes and the polarity (directional) information. When this register is read it clears the interrupt for the transient detection. When new events arrive while EA = 1, additional *TRANSE bits may get set, and the corresponding *_Trans_Pol flag become updated. However, no *TRANSE bit may get cleared before the TRANSIENT_SRC register is read. 0x1E: TRANSIENT_SRC register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 — EA ZTRANSE Z_Trans_Pol YTRANSE Y_Trans_Pol XTRANSE X_Trans_Pol Table 40. TRANSIENT_SRC description Field Description Event active flag. Default value: 0. EA 0: No event flag has been asserted; 1: one or more event flag has been asserted. Z-transient event. Default value: 0. ZTRANSE 0: No interrupt, 1: Z-transient acceleration greater than the value of TRANSIENT_THS event has occurred Polarity of Z-transient event that triggered interrupt. Default value: 0. Z_Trans_Pol 0: Z event was positive g, 1: Z event was negative g Y-transient event. Default value: 0. YTRANSE 0: No interrupt, 1: Y-transient acceleration greater than the value of TRANSIENT_THS event has occurred Polarity of Y-transient event that triggered interrupt. Default value: 0. Y_Trans_Pol 0: Y event was positive g, 1: Y event was negative g X-transient event. Default value: 0. XTRANSE 0: No interrupt, 1: X-transient acceleration greater than the value of TRANSIENT_THS event has occurred Polarity of X-transient event that triggered interrupt. Default value: 0. X_Trans_Pol 0: X event was positive g, 1: X event was negative g When the EA bit gets set while ELE = 1, all other status bits get frozen at their current state. By reading the TRANSIENT_SRC register, all bits get cleared. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 37

0x1F: TRANSIENT_THS register The transient threshold register sets the threshold limit for the detection of the transient acceleration. The value in the TRANSIENT_THS register corresponds to a g value which is compared against the values of high-pass filtered data. If the high- pass filtered acceleration value exceeds the threshold limit, an event flag is raised and the interrupt is generated if enabled. 0x1F: TRANSIENT_THS register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 DBCNTM THS6 THS5 THS4 THS3 THS2 THS1 THS0 Table 41. TRANSIENT_THS description Field Description DBCNTM Debounce counter mode selection. Default value: 0. 0: increments or decrements debounce; 1: increments or clears counter. THS[6:0] Transient threshold: Default value: 000_0000. The threshold THS[6:0] is a 7-bit unsigned number, 0.063 g/LSB. The maximum threshold is 8 g. Even if the part is set to full scale at 2 g or 4 g this function will still operate up to 8 g. If the low-noise bit is set in register 0x2A, the maximum threshold to be reached is 4 g. 0x20: TRANSIENT_COUNT The TRANSIENT_COUNT sets the minimum number of debounce counts continuously matching the condition where the unsigned value of high-pass filtered data is greater than the user specified value of TRANSIENT_THS. 0x20: TRANSIENT_COUNT register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Table 42. TRANSIENT_COUNT description Field Description D[7:0] Count value. Default value: 0000_0000. The time step for the transient detection debounce counter is set by the value of the system ODR and the oversampling mode. Table 43. TRANSIENT_COUNT relationship with the ODR Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 400 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 200 1.28 1.28 0.638 1.28 5 5 2.5 5 100 2.55 2.55 0.638 2.55 10 10 2.5 10 50 5.1 5.1 0.638 5.1 20 20 2.5 20 12.5 5.1 20.4 0.638 20.4 20 80 2.5 80 6.25 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 1.56 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 MMA8451Q Sensors 38 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

6.6 Single, double and directional tap detection registers For more details of how to configure the tap detection and sample code, please refer to NXP application note AN4072. The tap detection registers are referred to as pulse. 0x21: PULSE_CFG pulse configuration register This register configures the event flag for the tap detection for enabling/disabling the detection of a single and double pulse on each of the axes. 0x21: PULSE_CFG register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 DPA ELE ZDPEFE ZSPEFE YDPEFE YSPEFE XDPEFE XSPEFE Table 44. PULSE_CFG description Field Description Double-pulse abort. Default value: 0. 0: Double-pulse detection is not aborted if the start of a pulse is detected during the time period specified by the PULSE_LTCY DPA register. 1: Setting the DPA bit momentarily suspends the double tap detection if the start of a pulse is detected during the time period specified by the PULSE_LTCY register and the pulse ends before the end of the time period specified by the PULSE_LTCY register. Pulse event flags are latched into the PULSE_SRC register. Reading of the PULSE_SRC register clears the event flag. ELE Default value: 0. 0: Event flag latch disabled; 1: Event flag latch enabled Event flag enable on double pulse event on Z-axis. Default value: 0. ZDPEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Event detection enabled Event flag enable on single pulse event on Z-axis. Default value: 0. ZSPEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Event detection enabled Event flag enable on double pulse event on Y-axis. Default value: 0. YDPEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Event detection enabled Event flag enable on single pulse event on Y-axis. Default value: 0. YSPEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Event detection enabled Event flag enable on double pulse event on X-axis. Default value: 0. XDPEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Event detection enabled Event flag enable on single pulse event on X-axis. Default value: 0. XSPEFE 0: Event detection disabled; 1: Event detection enabled 0x22: PULSE_SRC pulse source register This register indicates a double or single pulse event has occurred and also which direction. The corresponding axis and event must be enabled in register 0x21 for the event to be seen in the source register. 0x22: PULSE_SRC register (read only) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 EA AxZ AxY AxX DPE PolZ PolY PolX Table 45. PULSE_SRC description Field Description Event active flag. Default value: 0. EA (0: No interrupt has been generated; 1: One or more interrupt events have been generated) Z-axis event. Default value: 0. AxZ (0: No interrupt; 1: Z-axis event has occurred) MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 39

Table 45. PULSE_SRC description (continued) Field Description Y-axis event. Default value: 0. AxY (0: No interrupt; 1: Y-axis event has occurred) X-axis event. Default value: 0. AxX (0: No interrupt; 1: X-axis event has occurred) Double pulse on first event. Default value: 0. DPE (0: Single Pulse Event triggered interrupt; 1: Double Pulse Event triggered interrupt) Pulse polarity of Z-axis Event. Default value: 0. PolZ (0: Pulse Event that triggered interrupt was positive; 1: Pulse Event that triggered interrupt was negative) Pulse polarity of Y-axis Event. Default value: 0. PolY (0: Pulse Event that triggered interrupt was positive; 1: Pulse Event that triggered interrupt was negative) Pulse polarity of X-axis Event. Default value: 0. PolX (0: Pulse Event that triggered interrupt was positive; 1: Pulse Event that triggered interrupt was negative) When the EA bit gets set while ELE = 1, all status bits (AxZ, AxY, AxZ, DPE, and PolX, PolY, PolZ) are frozen. Reading the PULSE_SRC register clears all bits. Reading the source register will clear the interrupt. 0x23 - 0x25: PULSE_THSX, Y, Z pulse threshold for X, Y and Z registers The pulse threshold can be set separately for the X, Y and Z axes. The PULSE_THSX, PULSE_THSY and PULSE_THSZ registers define the threshold which is used by the system to start the pulse detection procedure. 0x23: PULSE_THSX register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 THSX6 THSX5 THSX4 THSX3 THSX2 THSX1 THSX0 Table 46. PULSE_THSX description Field Description THSX[6:0] Pulse threshold on X-axis. Default value: 000_0000. 0x24: PULSE_THSY register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 THSY6 THSY5 THSY4 THSY3 THSY2 THSY1 THSY0 Table 47. PULSE_THSY description Field Description THSY[6:0] Pulse threshold on Y-axis. Default value: 000_0000. 0x25: PULSE_THSZ register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 THSZ6 THSZ5 THSZ4 THSZ3 THSZ2 THSZ1 THSZ0 Table 48. PULSE_THSZ description Field Description THSZ[6:0] Pulse threshold on Z-axis. Default value: 000_0000. The threshold values range from 1 to 127 with steps of 0.063 g/LSB at a fixed 8 g acceleration range, thus the minimum resolution is always fixed at 0.063 g/LSB. If the low-noise bit in register 0x2A is set then the maximum threshold will be 4 g. The MMA8451Q Sensors 40 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

PULSE_THSX, PULSE_THSY and PULSE_THSZ registers define the threshold which is used by the system to start the pulse detection procedure. The threshold value is expressed over 7-bits as an unsigned number. 0x26: PULSE_TMLT pulse time window 1 register 0x26: PULSE_TMLT register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 TMLT7 TMLT6 TMLT5 TMLT4 TMLT3 TMLT2 TMLT1 TMLT0 Table 49. PULSE_TMLT description Field Description TMLT[7:0] Pulse time limit. Default value: 0000_0000. The bits TMLT7 through TMLT0 define the maximum time interval that can elapse between the start of the acceleration on the selected axis exceeding the specified threshold and the end when the acceleration on the selected axis must go below the specified threshold to be considered a valid pulse. The minimum time step for the pulse time limit is defined in Table 50 and Table 51. Maximum time for a given ODR and oversampling mode is the time step pulse multiplied by 255. The time steps available are dependent on the oversampling mode and whether the pulse low-pass filter option is enabled or not. The pulse low-pass filter is set in register 0x0F. Table 50. Time step for pulse time limit (register 0x0F) Pulse_LPF_EN = 1 Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 400 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 200 1.28 1.28 0.638 1.28 5 5 2.5 5 100 2.55 2.55 0.638 2.55 10 10 2.5 10 50 5.1 5.1 0.638 5.1 20 20 2.5 20 12.5 5.1 20.4 0.638 20.4 20 80 2.5 80 6.25 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 1.56 5.1 20.4 0.638 40.8 20 80 2.5 160 Table 51. Time step for pulse time limit (register 0x0F) Pulse_LPF_EN = 0 Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 400 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.319 0.625 0.625 0.625 1.25 200 0.319 0.319 0.159 0.638 1.25 1.25 0.625 2.5 100 0.638 0.638 0.159 1.28 2.5 2.5 0.625 5 50 1.28 1.28 0.159 2.55 5 5 0.625 10 12.5 1.28 5.1 0.159 10.2 5 20 0.625 40 6.25 1.28 5.1 0.159 10.2 5 20 0.625 40 1.56 1.28 5.1 0.159 10.2 5 20 0.625 40 MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 41

0x27: PULSE_LTCY pulse latency timer register 0x27: PULSE_LTCY register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 LTCY7 LTCY6 LTCY5 LTCY4 LTCY3 LTCY2 LTCY1 LTCY0 Table 52. PULSE_LTCY description Field Description LTCY[7:0] Latency time limit. Default value: 0000_0000 The bits LTCY7 through LTCY0 define the time interval that starts after the first pulse detection. During this time interval, all pulses are ignored. Note: This timer must be set for single pulse and for double pulse. The minimum time step for the pulse latency is defined in Table 53 and Table 54. The maximum time is the time step at the ODR and oversampling mode multiplied by 255. The timing also changes when the pulse LPF is enabled or disabled. Table 53. Time step for pulse latency @ ODR and power mode (register 0x0F) Pulse_LPF_EN = 1 Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 400 1.276 1.276 1.276 1.276 5 5 5 5 200 2.56 2.56 1.276 2.56 10 10 5 10 100 5.1 5.1 1.276 5.1 20 20 5 20 50 10.2 10.2 1.276 10.2 40 40 5 40 12.5 10.2 40.8 1.276 40.8 40 160 5 160 6.25 10.2 40.8 1.276 81.6 40 160 5 320 1.56 10.2 40.8 1.276 81.6 40 160 5 320 Table 54. Time step for pulse latency @ ODR and power mode (register 0x0F) Pulse_LPF_EN = 0 Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.318 0.318 0.318 0.318 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 400 0.318 0.318 0.318 0.638 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.5 200 0.638 0.638 0.318 1.276 2.5 2.5 1.25 5 100 1.276 1.276 0.318 2.56 5 5 1.25 10 50 2.56 2.56 0.318 5.1 10 10 1.25 20 12.5 2.56 10.2 0.318 20.4 10 40 1.25 80 6.25 2.56 10.2 0.318 20.4 10 40 1.25 80 1.56 2.56 10.2 0.318 20.4 10 40 1.25 80 0x28: PULSE_WIND register (read/write) 0x28: PULSE_WIND second pulse time window register Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 WIND7 WIND6 WIND5 WIND4 WIND3 WIND2 WIND1 WIND0 MMA8451Q Sensors 42 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 55. PULSE_WIND description Field Description WIND[7:0] Second pulse time window. Default value: 0000_0000. The bits WIND7 through WIND0 define the maximum interval of time that can elapse after the end of the latency interval in which the start of the second pulse event must be detected provided the device has been configured for double pulse detection. The detected second pulse width must be shorter than the time limit constraints specified by the PULSE_TMLT register, but the end of the double pulse need not finish within the time specified by the PULSE_WIND register. The minimum time step for the pulse window is defined in Table 56 and Table 57. The maximum time is the time step at the ODR, oversampling mode and LPF filter option multiplied by 255. Table 56. Time step for pulse detection window @ ODR and power mode (register 0x0F) Pulse_LPF_EN = 1 Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 400 1.276 1.276 1.276 1.276 5 5 5 5 200 2.56 2.56 1.276 2.56 10 10 5 10 100 5.1 5.1 1.276 5.1 20 20 5 20 50 10.2 10.2 1.276 10.2 40 40 5 40 12.5 10.2 40.8 1.276 40.8 40 160 5 160 6.25 10.2 40.8 1.276 81.6 40 160 5 320 1.56 10.2 40.8 1.276 81.6 40 160 5 320 Table 57. Time step for pulse detection window @ ODR and power mode (register 0x0F) Pulse_LPF_EN = 0 Max time range (s) Time step (ms) ODR (Hz) Normal LPLN HighRes LP Normal LPLN HighRes LP 800 0.318 0.318 0.318 0.318 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 400 0.318 0.318 0.318 0.638 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.5 200 0.638 0.638 0.318 1.276 2.5 2.5 1.25 5 100 1.276 1.276 0.318 2.56 5 5 1.25 10 50 2.56 2.56 0.318 5.1 10 10 1.25 20 12.5 2.56 10.2 0.318 20.4 10 40 1.25 80 6.25 2.56 10.2 0.318 20.4 10 40 1.25 80 1.56 2.56 10.2 0.318 20.4 10 40 1.25 80 6.7 Auto-wake/sleep detection The ASLP_COUNT register sets the minimum time period of inactivity required to change current ODR value from the value specified in the DR[2:0] register to ASLP_RATE register value, provided the SLPE bit is set to a logic ‘1’ in the CTRL_REG2 register. See Table 59 for functional blocks that may be monitored for inactivity in order to trigger the return to sleep event. 0x29: ASLP_COUNT register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 43

Table 58. ASLP_COUNT description Field Description D[7:0] Duration value. Default value: 0000_0000. D7-D0 defines the minimum duration time to change current ODR value from DR to ASLP_RATE. Time step and maximum value depend on the ODR chosen as shown in Table 59. Table 59. ASLP_COUNT relationship with ODR Output data rate (ODR) Duration ODR time step ASLP_COUNT step 800 Hz 0 to 81 s 1.25 ms 320 ms 400 Hz 0 to 81 s 2.5 ms 320 ms 200 Hz 0 to 81 s 5 ms 320 ms 100 Hz 0 to 81 s 10 ms 320 ms 50 Hz 0 to 81 s 20 ms 320 ms 12.5 Hz 0 to 81 s 80 ms 320 ms 6.25 Hz 0 to 81 s 160 ms 320 ms 1.56 Hz 0 to 162 s 640 ms 640 ms Table 60. Sleep/wake mode gates and triggers Event restarts timer and delays return Interrupt source Event will wake from sleep to sleep FIFO_GATE Yes No SRC_TRANS Yes Yes SRC_LNDPRT Yes Yes SRC_PULSE Yes Yes SRC_FF_MT Yes Yes SRC_ASLP No* No* SRC_DRDY No No * If the FIFO_GATE bit is set to logic ‘1’, the assertion of the SRC_ASLP interrupt does not prevent the system from transitioning to sleep or from wake mode; instead it prevents the FIFO buffer from accepting new sample data until the host application flushes the FIFO buffer. In order to wake the device, the desired function or functions must be enabled in CTRL_REG4 and set to wake to sleep in CTRL_REG3. All enabled functions will still function in sleep mode at the sleep ODR. Only the functions that have been selected for wake from sleep will wake the device. MMA8451Q has four functions that can be used to keep the sensor from falling asleep; transient, orientation, tap and motion/ freefall. One or more of these functions can be enabled. In order to wake the device, four functions are provided; transient, orientation, tap, and motion/freefall. Note that the FIFO does not wake the device. The auto-wake/sleep interrupt does not affect the wake/sleep, nor does the data ready interrupt. The FIFO gate (bit 7) in register 0x2C, when set, will hold the last data in the FIFO before transitioning to a different ODR. After the buffer is flushed, it will accept new sample data at the current ODR. See register 0x2C for the wake from sleep bits. If the auto-sleep bit is disabled, then the device can only toggle between standby and wake mode. If auto-sleep interrupt is enabled, transitioning from active mode to auto-sleep mode and vice versa generates an interrupt. MMA8451Q Sensors 44 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

6.8 Control registers Note: Except for standby mode selection, the device must be in standby mode to change any of the fields within CTRL_REG1 (0x2A). 0x2A: CTRL_REG1 system control 1 register 0x2A: CTRL_REG1 register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ASLP_RATE1 ASLP_RATE0 DR2 DR1 DR0 LNOISE F_READ ACTIVE Table 61. CTRL_REG1 description Field Description Configures the auto-wake sample frequency when the device is in sleep mode. Default value: 00. ASLP_RATE[1:0] See Table 62 for more information. Data-rate selection. Default value: 000. DR[2:0] See Table 63 for more information. Reduced noise reduced maximum range mode. Default value: 0. LNOISE (0: Normal mode; 1: Reduced noise mode) Fast read mode: Data format limited to single byte default value: 0. F_READ (0: Normal mode 1: Fast-read mode) Full-scale selection. Default value: 00. ACTIVE (0: Standby mode; 1: Active mode) Table 62. Sleep mode rate description ASLP_RATE1 ASLP_RATE0 Frequency (Hz) 0 0 50 0 1 12.5 1 0 6.25 1 1 1.56 It is important to note that when the device is auto-sleep mode, the system ODR and the data rate for all the system functional blocks are overridden by the data rate set by the ASLP_RATE field. DR[2:0] bits select the output data rate (ODR) for acceleration samples. The default value is 000 for a data rate of 800 Hz. Table 63. System output data rate selection DR2 DR1 DR0 ODR Period 0 0 0 800 Hz 1.25 ms 0 0 1 400 Hz 2.5 ms 0 1 0 200 Hz 5 ms 0 1 1 100 Hz 10 ms 1 0 0 50 Hz 20 ms 1 0 1 12.5 Hz 80 ms 1 1 0 6.25 Hz 160 ms 1 1 1 1.56 Hz 640 ms ACTIVE bit selects between standby mode and active mode. The default value is 0 for standby mode. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 45

Table 64. Full-scale selection Active Mode 0 Standby 1 Active LNOISE bit selects between normal full dynamic range mode and a high sensitivity, low-noise mode. In low-noise mode, the maximum signal that can be measured is ±4 g. Note: Any thresholds set above 4 g will not be reached. F_READ bit selects between normal and fast read mode. When selected, the auto increment counter will skip over the LSB data bytes. Data read from the FIFO will skip over the LSB data, reducing the acquisition time. Note F_READ can only be changed when FMODE = 00. The F_READ bit applies for both the output registers and the FIFO. 0x2B: CTRL_REG2 system control 2 register 0x2B: CTRL_REG2 register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 ST RST 0 SMODS1 SMODS0 SLPE MODS1 MODS0 Table 65. CTRL_REG2 description Field Description Self-test enable. Default value: 0. ST 0: Self-test disabled; 1: Self-test enabled Software reset. Default value: 0. RST 0: Device reset disabled; 1: Device reset enabled. Sleep mode power scheme selection. Default value: 00. SMODS[1:0] See Table 66 and Table 67 Auto-sleep enable. Default value: 0. SLPE 0: Auto-sleep is not enabled; 1: Auto-sleep is enabled. Active mode power scheme selection. Default value: 00. MODS[1:0] See Table 66 and Table 67 ST bit activates the self-test function. When ST is set, X, Y, and Z outputs will shift. RST bit is used to activate the software reset. The reset mechanism can be enabled in standby and active mode. When the reset bit is enabled, all registers are rest and are loaded with default values. Writing ‘1’ to the RST bit immediately resets the device, no matter whether it is in active/wake, active/sleep, or standby mode. The I2C communication system is reset to avoid accidental corrupted data access. At the end of the boot process, the RST bit is deasserted to 0. Reading this bit will return a value of zero. The (S)MODS[1:0] bits select which oversampling mode is to be used shown in Table 66. The oversampling modes are available in both wake mode MOD[1:0] and also in the sleep mode SMOD[1:0]. Table 66. MODS oversampling modes (S)MODS1 (S)MODS0 Power mode 0 0 Normal 0 1 Low Noise Low Power 1 0 High Resolution 1 1 Low Power MMA8451Q Sensors 46 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 67. MODS oversampling modes current consumption and averaging values at each ODR Mode Normal (00) Low noise low power (01) High resolution (10) Low power (11) ODR Current μA OS ratio Current μA OS ratio Current μA OS ratio Current μA OS ratio 1.56 Hz 24 128 8 32 165 1024 6 16 6.25 Hz 24 32 8 8 165 256 6 4 12.5 Hz 24 16 8 4 165 128 6 2 50 Hz 24 4 24 4 165 32 14 2 100 Hz 44 4 44 4 165 16 24 2 200 Hz 85 4 85 4 165 8 44 2 400 Hz 165 4 165 4 165 4 85 2 800 Hz 165 2 165 2 165 2 165 2 0x2C: CTRL_REG3 interrupt control register 0x2C: CTRL_REG3 register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 FIFO_GATE WAKE_TRANS WAKE_LNDPRT WAKE_PULSE WAKE_FF_MT — IPOL PP_OD Table 68. CTRL_REG3 description Field Description 0: FIFO gate is bypassed. FIFO is flushed upon the system mode transitioning from wake to sleep mode or from sleep to wake mode. Default value: 0. 1: The FIFO input buffer is blocked when transitioning from wake to sleep mode or from sleep to wake mode until the FIFO is flushed. Although the system transitions from wake to sleep or from sleep to wake the contents of the FIFO FIFO_GATE buffer are preserved, new data samples are ignored until the FIFO is emptied by the host application. If the FIFO_GATE bit is set to logic ‘1’ and the FIFO buffer is not emptied before the arrival of the next sample, then the FGERR bit in the SYS_MOD register (0x0B) will be asserted. The FGERR bit remains asserted as long as the FIFO buffer remains un-emptied. Emptying the FIFO buffer clears the FGERR bit in the SYS_MOD register. 0: Transient function is bypassed in sleep mode. Default value: 0. WAKE_TRANS 1: Transient function interrupt can wake up system 0: Orientation function is bypassed in sleep mode. Default value: 0. WAKE_LNDPRT 1: Orientation function interrupt can wake up system 0: Pulse function is bypassed in sleep mode. Default value: 0. WAKE_PULSE 1: Pulse function interrupt can wake up system 0: Freefall/motion function is bypassed in sleep mode. Default value: 0. WAKE_FF_MT 1: Freefall/motion function interrupt can wake up Interrupt polarity active high, or active low. Default value: 0. IPOL 0: Active low; 1: Active high Push-pull/open drain selection on interrupt pad. Default value: 0. PP_OD 0: Push-pull; 1: Open drain IPOL bit selects the polarity of the interrupt signal. When IPOL is ‘0’ (default value) any interrupt event will signaled with a logical 0. PP_OD bit configures the interrupt pin to push-pull or in open drain mode. The default value is 0 which corresponds to push-pull mode. The open drain configuration can be used for connecting multiple interrupt signals on the same interrupt line. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 47

0x2D: CTRL_REG4 register (read/write) 0x2D: CTRL_REG4 register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 INT_EN_ASLP INT_EN_FIFO INT_EN_TRANSINT_EN_LNDPRT INT_EN_PULSE INT_EN_FF_MT — INT_EN_DRDY Table 69. Interrupt enable register description Field Description Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_ASLP 0: Auto-sleep/wake interrupt disabled; 1: Auto-sleep/wake interrupt enabled. Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_FIFO 0: FIFO interrupt disabled; 1: FIFO interrupt enabled. Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_TRANS 0: Transient interrupt disabled; 1: Transient interrupt enabled. Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_LNDPRT 0: Orientation (landscape/portrait) interrupt disabled. 1: Orientation (landscape/portrait) interrupt enabled. Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_PULSE 0: Pulse detection interrupt disabled; 1: Pulse detection interrupt enabled Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_FF_MT 0: Freefall/motion interrupt disabled; 1: Freefall/motion interrupt enabled Interrupt enable. Default value: 0. INT_EN_DRDY 0: Data-ready interrupt disabled; 1: Data-ready interrupt enabled The corresponding functional block interrupt enable bit allows the functional block to route its event detection flags to the system’s interrupt controller. The interrupt controller routes the enabled functional block interrupt to the INT1 or INT2 pin. 0x2E: CTRL_REG5 register (read/write) 0x2E: CTRL_REG5 interrupt configuration register Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 INT_CFG_ASLP INT_CFG_FIFO INT_CFG_TRANS INT_CFG_LNDPRT INT_CFG_PULSE INT_CFG_FF_MT — INT_CFG_DRDY Table 70. Interrupt configuration register description Field Description INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0. INT_CFG_ASLP 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0 INT_CFG_FIFO 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0. INT_CFG_TRANS 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0. INT_CFG_LNDPRT 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0. INT_CFG_PULSE 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0. INT_CFG_FF_MT 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin INT1/INT2 configuration. Default value: 0. INT_CFG_DRDY 0: Interrupt is routed to INT2 pin; 1: Interrupt is routed to INT1 pin MMA8451Q Sensors 48 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

The system’s interrupt controller shown in Figure 10 uses the corresponding bit field in the CTRL_REG5 register to determine the routing table for the INT1 and INT2 interrupt pins. If the bit value is logic ‘0’, the functional block’s interrupt is routed to INT2, and if the bit value is logic ‘1’, then the interrupt is routed to INT1. One or more functions can assert an interrupt pin; therefore a host application responding to an interrupt should read the INT_SOURCE (0x0C) register to determine the appropriate sources of the interrupt. 6.9 User offset correction registers For more information on how to calibrate the 0 g offset, refer to application note AN4069. The 2’s complement offset correction registers values are used to realign the zero-g position of the X, Y, and Z-axis after device board mount. The resolution of the offset registers is 2 mg per LSB. The 2’s complement 8-bit value would result in an offset compensation range ±256 mg. 0x2F: OFF_X offset correction X register 0x2F: OFF_X register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Table 71. OFF_X description Field Description D[7:0] X-axis offset value. Default value: 0000_0000. 0x30: OFF_Y offset correction Y register 0x30: OFF_Y register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Table 72. OFF_Y description Field Description D[7:0] Y-axis offset value. Default value: 0000_0000. 0x31: OFF_Z offset correction Z register 0x31: OFF_Z register (read/write) Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Table 73. OFF_Z description Field Description D[7:0] Z-axis offset value. Default value: 0000_0000. Table 74. MMA8451Q register map Reg Name Definition Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 00 STATUS/F_STATUS Data Status R ZYXOW ZOW YOW XOW ZYXDR ZDR YDR XDR 01 OUT_X_MSB 14 bit X Data R XD13 XD12 XD11 XD10 XD9 XD8 XD7 XD6 02 OUT_X_LSB 14 bit X Data R XD5 XD4 XD3 XD2 XD1 XD0 0 0 03 OUT_Y_MSB 14 bit Y Data R YD13 YD12 YD11 YD10 YD9 YD8 YD7 YD6 04 OUT_Y_LSB 14 bit Y Data R YD5 YD4 YD3 YD2 YD1 YD0 0 0 05 OUT_Z_MSB 14 bit Z Data R ZD13 ZD12 ZD11 ZD10 ZD9 ZD8 ZD7 ZD6 06 OUT_Z_LSB 14 bit Z Data R ZD5 ZD4 ZD3 ZD2 ZD1 ZD0 0 0 MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 49

Table 74. MMA8451Q register map (continued) Reg Name Definition Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 09 F_SETUP FIFO Setup R/W F_MODE1 F_MODE0 F_WMRK5 F_WMRK4 F_WMRK3 F_WMRK2 F_WMRK1 F_WMRK0 0A TRIG_CFG FIFO Triggers R/W — — Trig_TRANS Trig_LNDPRT Trig_PULSE Trig_FF_MT — — 0B SYSMOD System mode R FGERR FGT_4 FGT_3 FGT_2 FGT_1 FGT_0 SYSMOD1 SYSMOD0 0C INT_SOURCE Interrupt Status R SRC_ASLP SRC_FIFO SRC_TRANS SRC_LNDPRT SRC_PULSE SRC_FF_MT — SRC_DRDY 0D WHO_AM_I ID register R 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0E XYZ_DATA_CFG Data Config R/W — — — HPF_Out — — FS1 FS0 0F HP_FILTER_CUTOFF HP Filter Setting R/W — — Pulse_HPF_BYP Pulse_LPF_EN — — SEL1 SEL0 10 PL_STATUS PL Status R NEWLP LO — — — LAPO[1] LAPO[0] BAFRO 11 PL_CFG PL Configuration R/W DBCNTM PL_EN — — — — — — 12 PL_COUNT PL DEBOUNCE R/W DBNCE[7] DBNCE[6] DBNCE[5] DBNCE[4] DBNCE[3] DBNCE[2] DBNCE[1] DBNCE[0] 13 PL_BF_ZCOMP PL Back/ FRro/Wnt Z Comp BKFR[1] BKFR[0] — — — ZLOCK[2] ZLOCK[1] ZLOCK[0] 14 PL_THS_REG PL THRESHOLD R/W PL_THS[4] PL_THS[3] PL_THS[2] PL_THS[1] PL_THS[0] HYS[2] HYS[1] HYS[0] 15 FF_MT_CFG Freefall/MRo/Wtion Config ELE OAE ZEFE YEFE XEFE — — — 16 FF_MT_SRC Freefall/MoRtion Source EA — ZHE ZHP YHE YHP XHE XHP 17 FF_MT_THS Freefall/MoRti/oWn Threshold DBCNTM THS6 THS5 THS4 THS3 THS2 THS1 THS0 18 FF_MT_COUNT Freefall/MoRti/oWn Debounce D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1D TRANSIENT_CFG Transient Config R/W — — — ELE ZTEFE YTEFE XTEFE HPF_BYP 1E TRANSIENT_SRC Transient Source R — EA ZTRANSE Z_Trans_Pol YTRANSE Y_Trans_Pol XTRANSE X_Trans_Pol 1F TRANSIENT_THS Transient Threshold R/W DBCNTM THS6 THS5 THS4 THS3 THS2 THS1 THS0 20 TRANSIENT_COUNT TransienRt /DWebounce D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 21 PULSE_CFG Pulse Config R/W DPA ELE ZDPEFE ZSPEFE YDPEFE YSPEFE XDPEFE XSPEFE 22 PULSE_SRC Pulse Source R EA AxZ AxY AxX DPE Pol_Z Pol_Y Pol_X 23 PULSE_THSX Pulse X Threshold R/W — THSX6 THSX5 THSX4 THSX3 THSX2 THSX1 THSX0 24 PULSE_THSY Pulse Y Threshold R/W — THSY6 THSY5 THSY4 THSY3 THSY2 THSY1 THSY0 25 PULSE_THSZ Pulse Z Threshold R/W — THSZ6 THSZ5 THSZ4 THSZ3 THSZ2 THSZ1 THSZ0 26 PULSE_TMLT Pulse First Timer R/W TMLT7 TMLT6 TMLT5 TMLT4 TMLT3 TMLT2 TMLT1 TMLT0 27 PULSE_LTCY Pulse Latency R/W LTCY7 LTCY6 LTCY5 LTCY4 LTCY3 LTCY2 LTCY1 LTCY0 28 PULSE_WIND Pulse 2Rn/dW Window WIND7 WIND6 WIND5 WIND4 WIND3 WIND2 WIND1 WIND0 29 ASLP_COUNT Auto-sleRe/pW Counter D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 2A CTRL_REG1 Control Reg1 R/W ASLP_RATE1 ASLP_RATE0 DR2 DR1 DR0 LNOISE F_READ ACTIVE 2B CTRL_REG2 Control Reg2 R/W ST RST — SMODS1 SMODS0 SLPE MODS1 MODS0 Control Reg3 2C CTRL_REG3 (wake Interrupts from FIFO_GATE WAKE_TRANS WAKE_LNDPRT WAKE_PULSE WAKE_FF_MT — IPOL PP_OD sleep) R/W Control Reg4 2D CTRL_REG4 (Interrupt enable Map) INT_EN_ASLP INT_EN_FIFO INT_EN_TRANS INT_EN_LNDPRT INT_EN_PULSE INT_EN_FF_MT — INT_EN_DRDY R/W Control Reg5 2E CTRL_REG5 (Interrupt Configuration) INT_CFG_ASLP INT_CFG_FIFO INT_CFG_TRANS INT_CFG_LNDPRT INT_CFG_PULSE INT_CFG_FF_MT — INT_CFG_DRDY R/W 2F OFF_X X 8-bit offset R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 30 OFF_Y Y 8-bit offset R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 31 OFF_Z Z 8-bit offset R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 MMA8451Q Sensors 50 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

Table 75. Accelerometer output data 14-bit data Range ±2 g (0.25 mg) Range ±4 g (0.5 mg) Range ±8 g (1.0 mg) 01 1111 1111 1111 1.99975 g +3.9995 g +7.999 g 01 1111 1111 1110 1.99950 g +3.9990 g +7.998 g … … … … 00 0000 0000 0001 0.00025 g +0.0005 g +0.001 g 00 0000 0000 0000 0.00000 g 0.00000 g 0.000 g 11 1111 1111 1111 –0.00025 g –0.0005 g –0.001 g … … … … 10 0000 0000 0001 –1.99975 g –3.9995 g –7.999 g 10 0000 0000 0000 –2.00000 g –4.0000 g –8.000 g 8-bit Data Range ±2 g (15.6 mg) Range ±4 g (31.25 mg) Range ±8 g (62.5 mg) 0111 1111 1.9844 g +3.9688 g +7.9375 g 0111 1110 1.9688 g +3.9375 g +7.8750 g … … … … 0000 0001 +0.0156 g +0.0313 g +0.0625 g 0000 0000 0.000 g 0.0000 g 0.0000 g 1111 1111 –0.0156 g –0.0313 g –0.0625 g … … … … 1000 0001 –1.9844 g –3.9688 g –7.9375 g 1000 0000 –2.0000 g –4.0000 g –8.0000 g MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 51

7 Printed Circuit Board Layout and Device Mounting Printed circuit board (PCB) layout and device mounting are critical portions of the total design. The footprint for the surface mount packages must be the correct size as a base for a proper solder connection between the PCB and the package. This, along with the recommended soldering materials and techniques, will optimize assembly and minimize the stress on the package after board mounting. 7.1 Printed circuit board layout The following recommendations are a guide to an effective PCB layout. See Figure 14 for footprint dimensions. 1. Do not solder down exposed pad (EP) under the package to minimize board mounting stress impact to product performance. 2. The solder mask should not cover any of the PCB landing pads, as shown in Figure 14. 3. No additional via nor metal pattern underneath package on the top of the PCB layer. 4. Do not place any components or vias within 2 mm of the package land area. This may cause additional package stress if it is too close to the package land area. 5. Signal traces connected to pads should be as symmetric as possible. Put dummy traces on NC pads, to have same length of exposed trace for all pads. 6. Use a standard pick and place process and equipment. Do not use a hand soldering process. 7. Customers are advised to be cautious about the proximity of screw down holes to the sensor, and the location of any press fit to the assembled PCB when in an enclosure. It is important that the assembled PCB remain flat after assembly to keep electronic operation of the device optimal. 8. The PCB should be rated for the multiple lead-free reflow condition with max 260 °C temperature. 9. NXP sensors use halide-free molding compound (green) and lead-free terminations. These terminations are compatible with tin-lead (Sn-Pb) as well as tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu) solder paste soldering processes. Reflow profiles applicable to those processes can be used successfully for soldering the devices. MMA8451Q Sensors 52 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

3 16X 0.305 16X 0.30 6 8 0.18 16X 0.813 5 9 12X 0.5 12X 0.5 3 6X 1.275 1 13 16 14 16X 0.667 0.467 Package fooPtparcinktage outline 8X 1.275 Package PCB land pad 16X 0.406 16X 0.280 Package outline Package footprint 16X .915 16X 0.787 12X 0.5 12X 0.5 6X 1.275 6X 1.275 Package footprint 8X 1.275 8X 1.275 Package outline Solder mask opening Solder stencil opening Figure 14. Footprint 7.2 Overview of soldering considerations Information provided here is based on experiments executed on QFN devices. These experiments cannot represent exact conditions present at a customer site. Therefore, information herein should be used for guidance only. Process and design optimizations are recommended to develop an application-specific solution. With the proper PCB footprint and solder stencil designs, the package will self-align during the solder reflow process. • Stencil thickness is 100 or 125 μm. • The PCB should be rated for the multiple lead-free reflow condition with a maximum 260 °C temperature. • Use a standard pick-and-place process and equipment. Do not use a hand soldering process. • Do not use a screw-down or stacking to mount the PCB into an enclosure. These methods could bend the PCB, which would put stress on the package. 7.3 Halogen content This package is designed to be halogen free, exceeding most industry and customer standards. Halogen free means that no homogeneous material within the assembled package will contain chlorine (Cl) in excess of 700 ppm or 0.07% weight/weight or bromine (Br) in excess of 900 ppm or 0.09% weight/weight. MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 53

8 Package Information The MMA8451Q device is housed in a 16-lead QFN package, case number 98ASA00063D. 8.1 Tape and reel information MMA8451Q Sensors 54 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

8.2 Package description 98ASA00063D, 16-pin QFN, 3 mm x 3 mm x 1.0 mm MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 55

98ASA00063D, 16-pin QFN, 3 mm x 3 mm x 1.0 mm MMA8451Q Sensors 56 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

98ASA00063D, 16-pin QFN, 3 mm x 3 mm x 1.0 mm MMA8451Q Sensors NXP Semiconductors N.V. 57

9 Revision History Table 76. Revision history Document ID Release date Data sheet status Change notice Supersedes MMA8451Q Rev. 10.3 20170203 Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 10.2 Modifications • Removed the parenthetical data following the feature “I2C digital output interface” in Features, on page 1. MMA8451Q Rev. 10.2 2016 August Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 10.1 MMA8451Q Rev. 10.1 2016 May Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 10.0 MMA8451Q Rev. 10.0 2016 April Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 9.1 MMA8451Q Rev. 9.1 2015 June Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 9.0 MMA8451Q Rev. 9.0 2014 November Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 8.1 MMA8451Q Rev. 8.1 2013 October Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 8.0 MMA8451Q Rev. 8.0 2013 February Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 7.1 MMA8451Q Rev. 7.1 2012 May Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 7.0 MMA8451Q Rev. 7.0 2012 March Technical data — MMA8451Q Rev. 6.0 MMA8451Q Sensors 58 NXP Semiconductors N.V.

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