NEW 0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors FH35 Series (cid:3) Small size (35 pos. shown) 0.9mm 12.1mm(35 conductors) 3.2 m m (cid:2)Features (cid:3) Easy FPC insertion 1. Low-profile With the 0.9 mm above the board and width of 3.2 mm the connectors are used in a space saving applications. 2. Unique Back-Flip rotating actuator AAccttuuaattoorr The rotating actuator opens from the back of the connector, assuring reliable electrical and mechanical connection. 3. Delivered with the actuator open FPC can be immediately inserted without the need for the opening of the actuator. 4. Easy FPC insertion FFPPCC Entry chamfers at all sides of the FPC insertion slot assure correct insertion and positioning of the FPC. 5. Accepts standard FPC thickness (cid:3) Completely locked 0.2mm thick standard Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) can be used. This is the only ultra-low profile ZIF connector using standard FPC. 6. Conductive traces on the PCB can run under the connector No exposed contacts on the bottom of the connector. 7. Board placement with automatic equipment Flat upper surface and tape and reel packaging facilitate vacuum pick-up and placement. Standard reel packaging contains 5000 connectors. 8. Halogen-free * (FH35J,FH35RW,FH35W series) *As defined by IEC61249-2-21 Br-900ppm maximum, Cl-900ppm maximum, Cl + Br combined-1,500ppm maximum 9. Optional 500 piece reel packaging Standard packaging is 5,000 pieces per reel; however, 500 piece reels are possible. (Emboss reel external diameter is 180mm.) 2010.9 1

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2)Specifications Operating Storage Current rating 0.2 A (Note 1) -55 to +85°C (Note 2) -10 to +50°C (Note 3) temperature range temperature range Rating Operating Relative humidity 90% Storage Relative humidity 90% Voltage rating 30 Vrms AC humidity range max. (No condensation) humidity range max. (No condensation) Recommended FPC Thickness: 0.2±0.03, gold plated contact pads Item Specification Conditions 1.Insulation resistance 50 Mø min 100 V DC 2.Withstanding voltage No flashover or insulation breakdown 90 Vrms AC / one minute 100 mø max. 3.Contact resistance 1 mA AC * Including FPC conductor resistance Contact resistance: 100 mø max. 4.Durability 10 cycles No damage, cracks, or parts dislocation No electrical discontinuity of 1 µs or longer Frequency: 10 to 55 Hz, 5.Vibration Contact resistance: 100 mø max. single amplitude of 0.75 mm, No damage, cracks, or parts dislocation 10 cycles in each of the 3 axial directions No electrical discontinuity of 1 µs or longer Acceleration: 981 m/s2, 6 ms duration, 6.Shock Contact resistance: 100 mø max. sine half-wave, 3 cycles in each of the 3 axis No damage, cracks, or parts dislocation Contact resistance: 100 mø max. 7.Humidity Insulation resistance: 50 Mø min. 96 hours at 40ç and humidity of 90 to 95% (Steady state) No damage, cracks, or parts looseness Contact resistance: 100 mø max. Temperature:-55ç➝+15ç to +35ç➝+85ç➝+15ç to +35ç 8.Temperature cycle Insulation resistance: 50 Mø min. Time: 30➝ 2 to 3 ➝ 30➝ 2 to 3 minutes No damage, cracks, or parts dislocation 5 cycles 9.Resistance to Reflow: At the recommended temperature profile No deformation of components affecting performance soldering heat Manual soldering: 350 ±10°C for 5 seconds Note 1: When passing the current through all of the contacts, use 70% of the rated current. Note 2: Includes temperature rise caused by current flow. Note 3: The term "storage" refers to products stored for a long period prior to mounting and use. The operating temperature and humidity range covers the non-conducting condition of connectors after board mounting. Note 4: Information contained in this catalog represents general requirements for this Series. Contact us for the drawings and specifications for a specific part number shown. (cid:2)Materials Part Material Finish Remarks FH35 series FH35B series Color:Beige FH35J series LCP UL94V-0 FH35W series FH35R series Color:Gray FH35RW series Insulator FH35 series FH35B series Color:Black UL94V-0 FH35J series PA FH35R series FH35RW series Color:Light brown UL94HB FH35W series Contacts Phosphor bronze Gold plating with nickel barrier --------------- Metalfittings Phosphor bronze Pure tin reflow plating --------------- (cid:2)Ordering information FH 35 BB - 35S - 0.3 SHW (50) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Series name : FH 4 Number of positions : 15 to 51 2 Series No. : 35 5 Contact pitch : 0.3 mm 3 Blank:Top contact 6 Contact type B:Top contact,Short actuator SH : SMT horizontal staggered mounting J:Top contact,Halogen free (Flame retardance UL94V-0). 7 Specifications: W:Top contact,Halogen free (Flame retardance UL94VHB). (50) : Nickel barrier gold plating 5,000 pieces / reel R:Bottom contact (99) : Nickel barrier gold plating 500 pieces / reel RW:Bottom contact,Halogen free (Flame retardance UL94VHB). 2

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2) Connector Dimensions A 0.3±0.1 B 0.6±0.1 (0.12) 5 3 6) 3. 1. ( 0.6±0.1 (0.12) C Number of contacts indicator Polarizing mark indicator B (0.15) (0.6) (D: FPC insertion slot dimension) (3) E B B(FH35B Series) (4.2) (3.7) FPC:t0.2(0.35)0.4±0.1 (1(1.4.(1505).5)5) (090.˚3)3±0.0.9±0.11 (1.8) (0.35)FPC:t0.20.4±0.1 (1(1.4(.015.5)5)5) (900˚).33±1±0.10.(1.3)1 0.05±0.15 3±0.15 0.15±0.15 0.05±0.15 3±0.15 0.15±0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Note 1 : The coplanarity of each terminal lead within specified dimension is 0.1 mm Max. Note 2 : Packaged on tape and reel only. Check packaging specification. Note 3 : Slight variations in color of the plastic compounds do not affect form, fit or function of the connector. Note 4 : After reflow, the terminal plating may change color, however this does not represent a quality issue. All dimensions: mm Part Number CL No. Number of contacts A B C D E FH35-19S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1502-3-** 19 7.3 4.8 5.4 6.03 6.73 FH35-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1504-9-** 25 9.1 6.6 7.2 7.83 8.53 FH35-27S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1515-5-** 27 9.7 7.2 7.8 8.43 9.13 FH35-31S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1514-2-** 31 10.9 8.4 9 9.63 10.33 FH35-33S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1503-6-** 33 11.5 9 9.6 10.23 10.93 FH35-35S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1501-0-** 35 12.1 9.6 10.2 10.83 11.53 FH35-39S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1512-7-** 39 13.3 10.8 11.4 12.03 12.73 FH35-41S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1520-5-** 41 13.9 11.4 12 12.63 13.33 FH35-45S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1505-1-** 45 15.1 12.6 13.2 13.83 14.53 FH35-49S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1513-0-** 49 16.3 13.8 14.4 15.03 15.73 FH35-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1506-4-** 51 16.9 14.4 15 15.63 16.33 FH35B-15S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1524-6-** 15 6.1 3.6 4.2 4.83 5.53 FH35B-19S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1507-7-** 19 7.3 4.8 5.4 6.03 6.73 FH35B-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1509-2-** 25 9.1 6.6 7.2 7.83 8.53 FH35B-27S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1510-1-** 27 9.7 7.2 7.8 8.43 9.13 FH35J-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1525-9-** 25 9.1 6.6 7.2 7.83 8.53 FH35R-41S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2904-2-** 41 13.9 11.4 12 12.63 13.33 FH35R-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2905-5-** 51 16.9 14.4 15 15.63 16.33 FH35RW-21S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2903-0-** 21 7.9 5.4 6 6.63 7.33 FH35RW-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2902-7-** 25 9.1 6.6 7.2 7.83 8.53 FH35W-11S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1521-8-** 11 4.9 2.4 3 3.63 4.33 FH35W-21S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1522-0-** 21 7.9 5.4 6 6.63 7.33 FH35W-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1508-0-** 25 9.1 6.6 7.2 7.83 8.53 FH35W-31S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1511-4-** 31 10.9 8.4 9 9.63 10.33 FH35W-35S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1526-1-** 35 12.1 9.6 10.2 10.83 11.53 FH35W-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1516-8-** 51 16.9 14.4 15 15.63 16.33 Tape and reel packaging (5,000 pieces/reel). Order by number of reels. 3

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2)Recommended PCB mounting pattern and metal mask dimensions k) s a m 0.65±0.05(0.55:Metal (00..32±3:0M.0e3tal masB(kR±)e0c.0o5mm0e.n6d±e0d.0 m5etal mask (0.2)thi(0.35)cknask)ess: t=0.1) m 05 etal 0.05 (3.6)2.15±0. 0.3±0.05 (0.7:M 0.95± 5k) 80.0±al mas (00.3.2±30:M.0e3tal mask) 0.6±0.05 (00..34:±Me0t.a0l 5mas05k) 0.et C±0.05 0.5±0.05 0. M ± 65: 0.2 0. ( (cid:2)Recommended FPC Dimensions F±0.05 0.3±0.07 C±0.03 0.3±0.07 MAXR0.2 00..36±±00..0022 0.3+–00..0034 0.2±0.10.75±0.10.85±0.1 0.2er±0.03 Check mark for (1.25)(0.5) 1.75±0.32.1±0.12.25±0.1 MIN. Stiffen Press misalignment M 75 2. 0.1±0.02 0.3+–00..0034 (0.07) (0.2) 0.6±0.07 B±0.03 0.6±0.07 πStiffener dimension should be 2.75mm min., and M dimension should be 0.5mm for improved flexibility of FPC. All dimensions: mm Part Number CL No. Number of contacts B C F FH35-19S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1502-3-** 19 4.8 5.4 6 FH35-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1504-9-** 25 6.6 7.2 7.8 FH35-27S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1515-5-** 27 7.2 7.8 8.4 FH35-31S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1514-2-** 31 8.4 9 9.6 FH35-33S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1503-6-** 33 9 9.6 10.2 FH35-35S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1501-0-** 35 9.6 10.2 10.8 FH35-39S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1512-7-** 39 10.8 11.4 12 FH35-41S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1520-5-** 41 11.4 12 12.6 FH35-45S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1505-1-** 45 12.6 13.2 13.8 FH35-49S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1513-0-** 49 13.8 14.4 15 FH35-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1506-4-** 51 14.4 15 15.6 FH35B-15S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1524-6-** 15 3.6 4.2 4.8 FH35B-19S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1507-7-** 19 4.8 5.4 6 FH35B-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1509-2-** 25 6.6 7.2 7.8 FH35B-27S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1510-1-** 27 7.2 7.8 8.4 FH35J-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1525-9-** 25 6.6 7.2 7.8 FH35R-41S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2904-2-** 41 11.4 12 12.6 FH35R-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2905-5-** 51 14.4 15 15.6 FH35RW-21S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2903-0-** 21 5.4 6 6.6 FH35RW-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2902-7-** 25 6.6 7.2 7.8 FH35W-11S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1521-8-** 11 2.4 3 3.6 FH35W-21S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1522-0-** 21 5.4 6 6.6 FH35W-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1508-0-** 25 6.6 7.2 7.8 FH35W-31S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1511-4-** 31 8.4 9 9.6 FH35W-35S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1526-1-** 35 9.6 10.2 10.8 FH35W-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1516-8-** 51 14.4 15 15.6 4

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2)Recommended FPC construction (cid:3) Contact FPC manufacturer for specific details 1. Using Single-sided FPC FPC : Flexible Printed Circuit Material Thickness Material Name Material (µm) Connecting side Covering film layer Polyimide 1 mil thick. (25) Cover adhesive (25) Surface treatment 0.2µm thick gold plated over 1 to 5µm 3 nickel underplating Copper foil Cu 1oz 35 Base adhesive Thermosetting adhesive 25 Base film Polyimide 1 mil thick 25 Reinforcement material adhesive Thermosetting adhesive 40 Stiffener Polyimide 3 mil thick 75 Total 203 Back side 2. Using Double-sided FPC FPC : Flexible Printed Circuit Material Thickness Material Name Material Connecting side (µm) Covering layer film Polyimide 1 mil thick (25) Cover adhesive (25) Surface treatment 0.2µm thick gold plated over 1 to 5µm 3 nickel underplating Through-hole copper Cu 15 Copper foil Cu 1/2oz 18 Base adhesive Thermosetting adhesive 18 Base film Polyimide 1 mil thick 25 Base adhesive Thermosetting adhesive 18 Copper foil Cu 1/2oz (18) Cover adhesive Thermosetting adhesive 25 Covering film layer Polyimide 1 mil thick 25 Reinforcement material adhesive Thermosetting adhesive 25 Stiffener Polyimide 1 mil thick 25 Back side Total 197 * To prevent release of the FPC due to its bending, use of the double sided FPC with copper foil on the back side is NOT RECOMMENDED. 3. Precautions 1. This specification is a recommendation for the construction of the FH35 Series FPC (t=0.2 ±0.03). 2. For details about the construction, please contact the FPC/FFC manufacturers. 5

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2)Packaging Specification (cid:3) Embossed Carrier Tape Dimensions (Tape width to 24mm max.) 1 ((20..235)) 4±0.1 28±±00..115 Ø1.5+0 .01 1.75±0. 1 0. ± ()Ｋ Ｊ ±0.3 Ｇ (0.8) (0.7) (0.8) Unreeling direction (4.8) (cid:3) Embossed Carrier Tape Dimensions (1.6) 1 (Tape width 32mm min.) ((20..235)) Ø1.5+0 .01 1.75±0. 1 0. ± Ｊ )Ｋ ( ±0.1 ±0.3 Ｈ Ｇ R0.75 R0.75 1.5+ 00.1 +0.157 0 1. (cid:2)Reel Dimensions 3) (L: INSIDE) 1 Ø ( (M: OUTSIDE) (Ø380) (Ø80) End section Mounting section Lead section (400mm min.) No connector inserted Embossed carrier tape No connector inserted Top cover tape (25 pockets min.) (25 pockets min.) 6

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors All dimensions: mm Part Number CL No. Number of contacts G H J K L M FH35-19S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1502-3-** 19 16 –– 7.5 7.5 17.4 21.4 FH35-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1504-9-** 25 24 –– 11.5 9.3 25.4 29.4 FH35-27S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1515-5-** 27 24 –– 11.5 9.9 25.4 29.4 FH35-31S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1514-2-** 31 24 –– 11.5 11.1 25.4 29.4 FH35-33S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1503-6-** 33 24 –– 11.5 11.7 25.4 29.4 FH35-35S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1501-0-** 35 24 –– 11.5 12.4 25.4 29.4 FH35-39S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1512-7-** 39 24 –– 11.5 13.5 25.4 29.4 FH35-41S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1520-5-** 41 24 –– 11.5 14.1 25.4 29.4 FH35-45S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1505-1-** 45 24 –– 11.5 15.3 25.4 29.4 FH35-49S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1513-0-** 49 32 28.4 14.2 16.5 33.4 37.4 FH35-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1506-4-** 51 32 28.4 14.2 17.1 33.4 37.4 FH35B-15S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1524-6-** 15 16 –– 7.5 6.3 17.4 21.4 FH35B-19S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1507-7-** 19 16 –– 7.5 7.5 17.4 21.4 FH35B-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1509-2-** 25 24 –– 11.5 9.3 25.4 29.4 FH35B-27S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1510-1-** 27 24 –– 11.5 9.9 25.4 29.4 FH35J-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1525-9-** 25 24 –– 11.5 9.3 25.4 29.4 FH35R-41S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2904-2-** 41 24 –– 11.5 14.1 25.4 29.4 FH35R-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2905-5-** 51 32 28.4 14.2 17.1 33.4 37.4 FH35RW-21S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2903-0-** 21 24 –– 11.5 8.1 25.4 29.4 FH35RW-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-2902-7-** 25 24 –– 11.5 9.3 25.4 29.4 FH35W-11S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1521-8-** 11 16 –– 7.5 5.1 17.4 21.4 FH35W-21S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1522-0-** 21 24 –– 11.5 8.1 25.4 29.4 FH35W-25S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1508-0-** 25 24 –– 11.5 9.3 25.4 29.4 FH35W-31S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1511-4-** 31 24 –– 11.5 11.1 25.4 29.4 FH35W-35S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1526-1-** 35 24 –– 11.5 12.4 25.4 29.4 FH35W-51S-0.3SHW(**) 580-1516-8-** 51 32 28.4 14.2 17.1 33.4 37.4 Tape and reel packaging (5,000 pieces/reel). Note 1: Reserved for future product expansion. Contact HRS for details on availability. 7

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2)Temperature Profile (cid:3)Using Lead-free Solder Paste MAX 250ç HRS test condition Solder method :Reflow, IR/hot air 250 Environment :Room air 230ç Solder composition:Paste, 96.5%Sn/3.0%Ag/0.5%Cu (Senju Metal Industry, Co., Ltd.'s 200 200ç (ç) Part Number:M705-221CM5-32-10.5) e ur Test board :Glass epoxy 25mm∞50mm∞0.8mm thick at per 150 150ç Land dimensions :0.3mm∞0.65mm, 0.3mm∞0.8mm m e Metal mask :0.23∞0.55, 0.23∞0.65∞0.1mm thick T 100 The temperature profiles shown are based on the above 50 conditions. In individual applications the actual temperature may vary, 25ç (60sec.) 90 sec. to 120 sec. (60sec.) depending on solder paste type, volume / thickness and board Preheating Soldering 0 size / thickness. Consult your solder paste and equipment Start manufacturer for specific recommendations. Time (Seconds) 8

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors (cid:2)Connector Operation and Precautions Operation Exercise care when handling connectors. Follow recommendations given below. 1. As delivered 1 Delivered with the actuator open. There is no need to operate the TThhee aaccttuuaattoorr iiss ooppeenn wwhheenn ddeelliivveerreedd iinn actuator prior to the insertion of the FPC. tthhee eemmbboosssseedd ttaappee ppaacckkaaggiinngg 2. FPC insertion (Top contact) 1 Make sure that the conductive pads are facing up. FFPPCC ccoonndduuccttiivvee ppaaddss aarree ffaacciinngg uupp 2 Align the FPC perpendicular with the connector and insert it firmly all the way. *For the bottom contact, reverse. 3. FPC correct insertion verification (Top contact) A visual comparison of the edge of the housing opening and the FPC pattern boundary will prevent diagonal inser- tion and partial insertion errors. FFPPCC ppaatttteerrnn bboouunnddaarryy EEddggee ooff tthhee iinnssuullaattoorr bbooddyy Correct insertion Diagonal insertion Partial insertion 9

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors Operation 4. Locking 1 After FPC/FFC insertion, rotate the actuator down to a full stop, pushing it at the center. RRoottaattee EEExxxccceeessssssiiivvveee fffooorrrccceee aaafffttteeerrr ttthhheee aaaccctttuuuaaatttooorrr iiisss aaalllrrreeeaaadddyyy ccclllooossseeeddd PPuusshh aatt tthhee cceenntteerr ooff tthhee aaccttuuaattoorr.. DDoo NNOOTT cclloossee aatt tthhee eennddss.. 5. FPC removal (Lock release) Carefully rotate the actuator up to 90°, lifting it at the center. RRoottaattee ((lliifftt)) DDoo nnoott aatttteemmpptt ttoo ooppeenn mmoorree tthhaann 9900°° LLiifftt aatt tthhee cceenntteerr DDoo nnoott ooppeenn ((lliifftt)) aatt oonnee eenndd.. *The actuator opens by rotating it in the direction OPPOSITE to the direction of the insertion of the FPC. DO NOT attempt to open it from the same side as the insertion of the FPC. 10

FH35 Series(cid:3)0.3 mm Pitch, 0.9 mm above the board, Top and bottom Contact, Back-Flip actuator Flexible Printed Circuit ZIF Connectors Precautions when mounting connectors on the PCB (cid:5) Handling before mounting on PCB Insertion of the FPC or operation of the actuator prior to mounting on the PCB is NOT RECOMMENDED. (cid:5) PC board warpage Minimize the warpage as much as possible. The connector is straight within 0.1 mm max. Make sure that the mounting area flatness can accept the connector terminals without causing any failure of the solder joints. (cid:5) Forces on the board (cid:5) When braking the large PC board into individual boards exercise care NOT to damage the installed connectors. (cid:5) When attaching the boards or other components with the screws make sure that any stresses will NOT cause board deflections affecting the mounting areas of the connector Connector PCB Other precautions (cid:5) When hand soldering: Do not perform hand soldering with the FPC inserted in the connector. • Do not apply excessive heat or touch the soldering iron anywhere other than the connector leads. • Do not use excessive amount of solder or flux compounds. Operation of the actuator or contacts may be affected by excessive amounts of solder or flux compounds. 11