C8051F320/1 Full Speed USB, 16 k ISP FLASH MCU Family Analog Peripherals High Speed 8051 µC Core - 10-Bit ADC - Pipelined instruction architecture; executes 70% of • Up to 200 ksps instructions in 1 or 2 system clocks • Up to 17 or 13 external single-ended or differential - Up to 25 MIPS throughput with 25 MHz clock inputs • VREF from external pin, internal reference, or VDD - Expanded interrupt handler • Built-in temperature sensor Memory • External conversion start input - Two Comparators - 2304 bytes internal RAM (1k + 256 + 1k USB FIFO) - Internal Voltage Reference - 16 kB Flash; In-system programmable in 512-byte - POR/Brown-Out Detector sectors USB Function Controller Digital Peripherals - USB specification 2.0 compliant - 25/21 Port I/O; All 5 V tolerant with high sink current - Full speed (12 Mbps) or low speed (1.5 Mbps) - Hardware enhanced SPI™, enhanced UART, and operation SMBus™ serial ports - Integrated clock recovery; no external crystal - Four general purpose 16-bit counter/timers required for full speed or low speed - 16-bit programmable counter array (PCA) with five - Supports eight flexible endpoints capture/compare modules - 1 kB USB buffer memory - Real time clock mode using external clock source - Integrated transceiver; no external resistors required and PCA or timer On-Chip Debug Clock Sources - On-chip debug circuitry facilitates full speed, - Internal Oscillator: 0.25% accuracy with clock non-intrusive in-system debug (no emulator required) recovery enabled. Supports all USB and UART - Provides breakpoints, single stepping, modes - External oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or Clock inspect/modify memory and registers (1 or 2 pin modes) - Superior performance to emulation systems using - Can switch between clock sources on-the-fly; ICE-chips, target pods, and sockets useful in power saving strategies Voltage Regulator Input: 4.0 to 5.25 V RoHS Compliant Packages - 32-pin LQFP (C8051F320) - 28-pin QFN (C8051F321) Temperature Range: –40 to +85 °C ANALOG DIGITAL I/O PERIPHERALS UART R Port 0 SPI A B A 10-bit + SMBus S Port 1 S M 200 ksps - PCA O UX ADC + Timer 0 CR Port 2 - Timer 1 Port 3 Timer 2 TEMP VREF VREG SENSOR Timer 3 PRECISION INTERNAL USB Controller / OSCILLATOR Transceiver HIGH-SPEED CONTROLLER CORE 16 kB 8051 CPU 2304 B ISP FLASH (25MIPS) SRAM 16 DEBUG POR WDT INTERRUPTS CIRCUITRY Rev. 1.4 8/09 Copyright © 2009 by Silicon Laboratories C8051F32x

C8051F320/1 2 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table of Contents 1. System Overview.................................................................................................... 15 1.1. CIP-51™ Microcontroller Core.......................................................................... 18 1.1.1. Fully 8051 Compatible.............................................................................. 18 1.1.2. Improved Throughput............................................................................... 18 1.1.3. Additional Features.................................................................................. 18 1.2. On-Chip Memory............................................................................................... 19 1.3. Universal Serial Bus Controller......................................................................... 20 1.4. Voltage Regulator............................................................................................. 21 1.5. On-Chip Debug Circuitry................................................................................... 21 1.6. Programmable Digital I/O and Crossbar........................................................... 22 1.7. Serial Ports....................................................................................................... 23 1.8. Programmable Counter Array........................................................................... 23 1.9. 10-Bit Analog to Digital Converter..................................................................... 24 1.10.Comparators..................................................................................................... 25 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings.................................................................................. 27 3. Global Electrical Characteristics.......................................................................... 28 4. Pinout and Package Definitions............................................................................ 30 5. 10-Bit ADC (ADC0).................................................................................................. 39 5.1. Analog Multiplexer............................................................................................ 40 5.2. Temperature Sensor......................................................................................... 41 5.3. Modes of Operation.......................................................................................... 43 5.3.1. Starting a Conversion............................................................................... 43 5.3.2. Tracking Modes........................................................................................ 44 5.3.3. Settling Time Requirements..................................................................... 45 5.4. Programmable Window Detector...................................................................... 50 5.4.1. Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode................................................. 52 5.4.2. Window Detector In Differential Mode...................................................... 53 6. Voltage Reference.................................................................................................. 55 7. Comparators ......................................................................................................... 57 8. Voltage Regulator (REG0)...................................................................................... 67 8.1. Regulator Mode Selection................................................................................. 67 8.2. VBUS Detection................................................................................................ 67 9. CIP-51 Microcontroller .......................................................................................... 71 9.1. Instruction Set................................................................................................... 72 9.1.1. Instruction and CPU Timing..................................................................... 72 9.1.2. MOVX Instruction and Program Memory................................................. 73 9.2. Memory Organization........................................................................................ 77 9.2.1. Program Memory...................................................................................... 77 9.2.2. Data Memory............................................................................................ 78 9.2.3. General Purpose Registers...................................................................... 78 9.2.4. Bit Addressable Locations........................................................................ 78 9.2.5. Stack ....................................................................................................... 78 9.2.6. Special Function Registers....................................................................... 79 Rev. 1.4 3

C8051F320/1 9.2.7. Register Descriptions............................................................................... 83 9.3. Interrupt Handler............................................................................................... 87 9.3.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors........................................................ 87 9.3.2. External Interrupts.................................................................................... 88 9.3.3. Interrupt Priorities..................................................................................... 88 9.3.4. Interrupt Latency...................................................................................... 89 9.3.5. Interrupt Register Descriptions................................................................. 90 9.4. Power Management Modes.............................................................................. 97 9.4.1. Idle Mode.................................................................................................. 97 9.4.2. Stop Mode................................................................................................ 97 10.Reset Sources ....................................................................................................... 99 10.1.Power-On Reset............................................................................................. 100 10.2.Power-Fail Reset / VDD Monitor.................................................................... 101 10.3.External Reset................................................................................................ 102 10.4.Missing Clock Detector Reset........................................................................ 102 10.5.Comparator0 Reset........................................................................................ 102 10.6.PCA Watchdog Timer Reset.......................................................................... 102 10.7.Flash Error Reset........................................................................................... 102 10.8.Software Reset............................................................................................... 103 10.9.USB Reset...................................................................................................... 103 11.Flash Memory ..................................................................................................... 106 11.1.Programming The Flash Memory................................................................... 106 11.1.1.Flash Lock and Key Functions............................................................... 106 11.1.2.Flash Erase Procedure.......................................................................... 106 11.1.3.Flash Write Procedure........................................................................... 107 11.2.Non-volatile Data Storage.............................................................................. 107 11.3.Security Options............................................................................................. 108 11.4.Flash Write and Erase Guidelines.................................................................. 110 11.4.1.VDD Maintenance and the VDD Monitor............................................... 110 11.4.2.16.4.2 PSWE Maintenance.................................................................... 111 11.4.3.System Clock......................................................................................... 111 12.External RAM ...................................................................................................... 114 12.1.Accessing User XRAM................................................................................... 114 12.2.Accessing USB FIFO Space.......................................................................... 114 13.Oscillators............................................................................................................. 116 13.1.Programmable Internal Oscillator................................................................... 116 13.1.1.Programming the Internal Oscillator on C8051F320/1 Devices............. 117 13.1.2.Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode.......................................................... 118 13.2.External Oscillator Drive Circuit...................................................................... 119 13.2.1.Clocking Timers Directly Through the External Oscillator...................... 119 13.2.2.External Crystal Example....................................................................... 119 13.2.3.External RC Example............................................................................. 120 13.2.4.External Capacitor Example................................................................... 120 13.3.4x Clock Multiplier.......................................................................................... 122 13.4.System and USB Clock Selection.................................................................. 123 4 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 13.4.1.System Clock Selection......................................................................... 123 13.4.2.USB Clock Selection.............................................................................. 123 14.Port Input/Output ................................................................................................ 126 14.1.Priority Crossbar Decoder.............................................................................. 128 14.2.Port I/O Initialization....................................................................................... 130 14.3.General Purpose Port I/O............................................................................... 132 15.Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB)................................................................ 139 15.1.Endpoint Addressing...................................................................................... 140 15.2.USB Transceiver............................................................................................ 140 15.3.USB Register Access..................................................................................... 142 15.4.USB Clock Configuration................................................................................ 146 15.5.FIFO Management......................................................................................... 147 15.5.1.FIFO Split Mode..................................................................................... 147 15.5.2.FIFO Double Buffering........................................................................... 148 15.5.3.FIFO Access.......................................................................................... 148 15.6.Function Addressing....................................................................................... 149 15.7.Function Configuration and Control................................................................ 149 15.8.Interrupts........................................................................................................ 152 15.9.The Serial Interface Engine............................................................................ 157 15.10.Endpoint0..................................................................................................... 157 15.10.1.Endpoint0 SETUP Transactions.......................................................... 158 15.10.2.Endpoint0 IN Transactions................................................................... 158 15.10.3.Endpoint0 OUT Transactions............................................................... 159 15.11.Configuring Endpoints1–3............................................................................ 161 15.12.Controlling Endpoints1–3 IN......................................................................... 161 15.12.1.Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt or Bulk Mode............................................... 161 15.12.2.Endpoints1-3 IN Isochronous Mode..................................................... 162 15.13.Controlling Endpoints1–3 OUT..................................................................... 164 15.13.1.Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt or Bulk Mode........................................... 164 15.13.2.Endpoints1-3 OUT Isochronous Mode................................................. 165 16.SMBus................................................................................................................... 169 16.1.Supporting Documents................................................................................... 170 16.2.SMBus Configuration...................................................................................... 170 16.3.SMBus Operation........................................................................................... 170 16.3.1.Arbitration............................................................................................... 171 16.3.2.Clock Low Extension.............................................................................. 171 16.3.3.SCL Low Timeout................................................................................... 171 16.3.4.SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout.......................................................... 172 16.4.Using the SMBus............................................................................................ 172 16.4.1.SMBus Configuration Register............................................................... 173 16.4.2.SMB0CN Control Register..................................................................... 176 16.4.3.Data Register......................................................................................... 179 16.5.SMBus Transfer Modes.................................................................................. 180 16.5.1.Master Transmitter Mode....................................................................... 180 16.5.2.Master Receiver Mode........................................................................... 181 Rev. 1.4 5

C8051F320/1 16.5.3.Slave Receiver Mode............................................................................. 182 16.5.4.Slave Transmitter Mode......................................................................... 183 16.6.SMBus Status Decoding................................................................................. 184 17.UART0.................................................................................................................... 187 17.1.Enhanced Baud Rate Generation................................................................... 188 17.2.Operational Modes......................................................................................... 188 17.2.1.8-Bit UART............................................................................................. 189 17.2.2.9-Bit UART............................................................................................. 190 17.3.Multiprocessor Communications.................................................................... 190 18.Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0)...................................................... 195 18.1.Signal Descriptions......................................................................................... 196 18.1.1.Master Out, Slave In (MOSI).................................................................. 196 18.1.2.Master In, Slave Out (MISO).................................................................. 196 18.1.3.Serial Clock (SCK)................................................................................. 196 18.1.4.Slave Select (NSS)................................................................................ 196 18.2.SPI0 Master Mode Operation......................................................................... 197 18.3.SPI0 Slave Mode Operation........................................................................... 198 18.4.SPI0 Interrupt Sources................................................................................... 199 18.5.Serial Clock Timing......................................................................................... 199 18.6.SPI Special Function Registers...................................................................... 202 19.Timers ................................................................................................................... 209 19.1.Timer 0 and Timer 1....................................................................................... 209 19.1.1.Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer................................................................ 209 19.1.2.Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer................................................................ 211 19.1.3.Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload...................................... 211 19.1.4.Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)................................. 212 19.2.Timer 2 .......................................................................................................... 217 19.2.1.16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload................................................................ 217 19.2.2.8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload................................................................ 218 19.2.3.USB Start-of-Frame Capture.................................................................. 219 19.3.Timer 3 .......................................................................................................... 222 19.3.1.16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload................................................................ 222 19.3.2.8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload................................................................ 223 19.3.3.USB Start-of-Frame Capture.................................................................. 224 20.Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)................................................................ 227 20.1.PCA Counter/Timer........................................................................................ 228 20.2.Capture/Compare Modules............................................................................ 229 20.2.1.Edge-triggered Capture Mode................................................................ 230 20.2.2.Software Timer (Compare) Mode........................................................... 232 20.2.3.High Speed Output Mode....................................................................... 233 20.2.4.Frequency Output Mode........................................................................ 234 20.2.5.8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode......................................................... 235 20.2.6.16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode....................................................... 236 20.3.Watchdog Timer Mode................................................................................... 236 20.3.1.Watchdog Timer Operation.................................................................... 237 6 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 20.3.2.Watchdog Timer Usage......................................................................... 238 20.4.Register Descriptions for PCA........................................................................ 239 21.C2 Interface........................................................................................................... 245 21.1.C2 Interface Registers.................................................................................... 245 21.2.C2 Pin Sharing............................................................................................... 247 Rev. 1.4 7

C8051F320/1 8 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 List of Figures and Tables 1. System Overview Table 1.1. Product Selection Guide........................................................................ 16 Figure 1.1. C8051F320 Block Diagram.................................................................... 16 Figure 1.2. C8051F321 Block Diagram.................................................................... 17 Figure 1.3. On-Chip Clock and Reset...................................................................... 19 Figure 1.4. On-Board Memory Map.......................................................................... 20 Figure 1.5. USB Controller Block Diagram............................................................... 21 Figure 1.6. Development/In-System Debug Diagram............................................... 22 Figure 1.7. Digital Crossbar Diagram....................................................................... 23 Figure 1.8. PCA Block Diagram............................................................................... 24 Figure 1.9. PCA Block Diagram............................................................................... 24 Figure 1.10. 10-Bit ADC Block Diagram................................................................... 25 Figure 1.11. Comparator0 Block Diagram................................................................ 26 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 2.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................... 27 3. Global Electrical Characteristics Table 3.1. Global Electrical Characteristics ............................................................. 28 Table 3.2. Index to Electrical Characteristics Tables.............................................. 29 4. Pinout and Package Definitions Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1...................................................... 30 Figure 4.1. LQFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View).................................................... 32 Figure 4.2. QFN-28 Pinout Diagram (Top View)...................................................... 36 5. 10-Bit ADC (ADC0) Figure 5.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram............................................................ 39 Figure 5.2. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function................................................. 41 Figure 5.3. Temperature Sensor Error with 1-Point Calibration (VREF = 2.40 V).... 42 Figure 5.4. 10-Bit ADC Track and Conversion Example Timing.............................. 44 Figure 5.5. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuits.............................................................. 45 Figure 5.6. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Single-Ended Data... 52 Figure 5.7. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Single-Ended Data..... 52 Figure 5.8. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Differential Data ....... 53 Figure 5.9. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Differential Data.......... 53 Table 5.1. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics ............................................................. 54 6. Voltage Reference Figure 6.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram....................................... 55 Table 6.1. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics ......................................... 56 7. Comparators Figure 7.1. Comparator0 Functional Block Diagram................................................ 57 Figure 7.2. Comparator1 Functional Block Diagram................................................ 58 Figure 7.3. Comparator Hysteresis Plot................................................................... 59 Table 7.1. Comparator Electrical Characteristics .................................................... 66 8. Voltage Regulator (REG0) Rev. 1.4 8

C8051F320/1 Figure 8.1. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output........................ 67 Table 8.1. Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications ............................................ 68 Figure 8.2. REG0 Configuration: USB Bus-Powered............................................... 68 Figure 8.3. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered............................................... 69 Figure 8.4. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered, Regulator Disabled.............. 69 Figure 8.5. REG0 Configuration: No USB Connection............................................. 70 9. CIP-51 Microcontroller Figure 9.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram............................................................................ 71 Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary............................................................ 73 Figure 9.2. Memory Map.......................................................................................... 77 Table 9.2. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map...................................... 79 Table 9.3. Special Function Registers.................................................................... 80 Table 9.4. Interrupt Summary................................................................................. 89 10.Reset Sources Figure 10.1. Reset Sources...................................................................................... 99 Figure 10.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing........................................ 100 Table 10.1. Reset Electrical Characteristics .......................................................... 105 11.Flash Memory Table 11.1. Flash Electrical Characteristics .......................................................... 107 Figure 11.1. Flash Program Memory Map and Security Byte................................. 108 Table 11.2. Flash Security Summary..................................................................... 109 12.External RAM Figure 12.1. External Ram Memory Map................................................................ 114 Figure 12.2. XRAM Memory Map Expanded View................................................. 115 13.Oscillators Figure 13.1. Oscillator Diagram.............................................................................. 116 Table 13.1. Typical USB Full Speed Clock Settings............................................... 123 Table 13.2. Typical USB Low Speed Clock Settings.............................................. 124 Table 13.3. Internal Oscillator Electrical Characteristics ....................................... 125 14.Port Input/Output Figure 14.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram..................................................... 126 Figure 14.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram............................................................... 127 Figure 14.3. Crossbar Priority Decoder with No Pins Skipped............................... 128 Figure 14.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder with Crystal Pins Skipped........................ 129 Table 14.1. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics ................................................ 138 15.Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB) Figure 15.1. USB0 Block Diagram.......................................................................... 139 Table 15.1. Endpoint Addressing Scheme............................................................. 140 Figure 15.2. USB0 Register Access Scheme......................................................... 142 Table 15.2. USB0 Controller Registers.................................................................. 144 Figure 15.3. USB FIFO Allocation.......................................................................... 147 Table 15.3. FIFO Configurations............................................................................ 148 Table 15.4. USB Transceiver Electrical Characteristics ........................................ 168 16.SMBus Figure 16.1. SMBus Block Diagram....................................................................... 169 9 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Figure 16.2. Typical SMBus Configuration............................................................. 170 Figure 16.3. SMBus Transaction............................................................................ 171 Table 16.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection........................................................... 173 Figure 16.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation......................................................... 174 Table 16.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times................................................. 174 Table 16.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN...................................... 178 Figure 16.5. Typical Master Transmitter Sequence................................................ 180 Figure 16.6. Typical Master Receiver Sequence.................................................... 181 Figure 16.7. Typical Slave Receiver Sequence...................................................... 182 Figure 16.8. Typical Slave Transmitter Sequence.................................................. 183 Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding...................................................................... 184 17.UART0 Figure 17.1. UART0 Block Diagram....................................................................... 187 Figure 17.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic.................................................................... 188 Figure 17.3. UART Interconnect Diagram.............................................................. 189 Figure 17.4. 8-Bit UART Timing Diagram............................................................... 189 Figure 17.5. 9-Bit UART Timing Diagram............................................................... 190 Figure 17.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram.......................... 191 Table 17.1. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal Oscillator.... 194 18.Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Figure 18.1. SPI Block Diagram............................................................................. 195 Figure 18.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram....................................... 198 Figure 18.3. 3-Wire Single Master and Slave Mode Connection Diagram............. 198 Figure 18.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram 198 Figure 18.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing........................................................ 200 Figure 18.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0).................................... 200 Figure 18.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1).................................... 201 Figure 18.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0)........................................................ 206 Figure 18.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1)........................................................ 206 Figure 18.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0)........................................................ 207 Figure 18.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1)........................................................ 207 Table 18.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters............................................................. 208 19.Timers Figure 19.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram.................................................................. 210 Figure 19.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram.................................................................. 211 Figure 19.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram.................................................................. 212 Figure 19.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram.................................................. 217 Figure 19.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram.................................................... 218 Figure 19.6. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘0’)...................................... 219 Figure 19.7. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘1’)...................................... 219 Figure 19.8. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram.................................................. 222 Figure 19.9. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram.................................................... 223 Figure 19.10. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘0’).................................... 224 Rev. 1.4 10

C8051F320/1 Figure 19.11. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘1’).................................... 224 20.Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Figure 20.1. PCA Block Diagram............................................................................ 227 Table 20.1. PCA Timebase Input Options.............................................................. 228 Figure 20.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram.................................................... 228 Table 20.2. PCA0CPM Register Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules..... 229 Figure 20.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram............................................................. 230 Figure 20.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram.............................................................. 231 Figure 20.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram.................................................. 232 Figure 20.6. PCA High Speed Output Mode Diagram............................................ 233 Figure 20.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode............................................................ 234 Figure 20.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram......................................................... 235 Figure 20.9. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode...................................................................... 236 Figure 20.10. PCA Module 4 with Watchdog Timer Enabled................................. 237 Table 20.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1...................................................................239 21.C2 Interface Figure 21.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing....................................................................... 247 11 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 List of Registers SFR Definition 5.1. AMX0P: AMUX0 Positive Channel Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 SFR Definition 5.2. AMX0N: AMUX0 Negative Channel Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 SFR Definition 5.3. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SFR Definition 5.4. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SFR Definition 5.5. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SFR Definition 5.6. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 SFR Definition 5.7. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 SFR Definition 5.8. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 SFR Definition 5.9. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 SFR Definition 5.10. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 SFR Definition 6.1. REF0CN: Reference Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 SFR Definition 7.1. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 SFR Definition 7.2. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 SFR Definition 7.3. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 SFR Definition 7.4. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 SFR Definition 7.5. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 SFR Definition 7.6. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 SFR Definition 8.1. REG0CN: Voltage Regulator Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 SFR Definition 9.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 SFR Definition 9.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 SFR Definition 9.3. SP: Stack Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 SFR Definition 9.4. PSW: Program Status Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 SFR Definition 9.5. ACC: Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 SFR Definition 9.6. B: B Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 SFR Definition 9.7. IE: Interrupt Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 SFR Definition 9.8. IP: Interrupt Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 SFR Definition 9.9. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 SFR Definition 9.10. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 SFR Definition 9.11. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SFR Definition 9.12. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SFR Definition 9.13. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 SFR Definition 9.14. PCON: Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 SFR Definition 10.1. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 SFR Definition 10.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 SFR Definition 11.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 SFR Definition 11.2. FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 SFR Definition 11.3. FLSCL: Flash Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 SFR Definition 12.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 SFR Definition 13.1. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 SFR Definition 13.2. OSCICL: Internal Oscillator Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 SFR Definition 13.3. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 SFR Definition 13.4. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 SFR Definition 13.5. CLKSEL: Clock Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Rev. 1.4 12

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 SFR Definition 14.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 SFR Definition 14.3. P0: Port0 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 SFR Definition 14.4. P0MDIN: Port0 Input Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 SFR Definition 14.5. P0MDOUT: Port0 Output Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 SFR Definition 14.6. P0SKIP: Port0 Skip Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 SFR Definition 14.7. P1: Port1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 SFR Definition 14.8. P1MDIN: Port1 Input Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 SFR Definition 14.9. P1MDOUT: Port1 Output Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 SFR Definition 14.10. P1SKIP: Port1 Skip Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 SFR Definition 14.11. P2: Port2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 SFR Definition 14.12. P2MDIN: Port2 Input Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 SFR Definition 14.13. P2MDOUT: Port2 Output Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 SFR Definition 14.14. P2SKIP: Port2 Skip Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 SFR Definition 14.15. P3: Port3 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 SFR Definition 14.16. P3MDIN: Port3 Input Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 SFR Definition 14.17. P3MDOUT: Port3 Output Mode Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 SFR Definition 15.1. USB0XCN: USB0 Transceiver Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 SFR Definition 15.2. USB0ADR: USB0 Indirect Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 SFR Definition 15.3. USB0DAT: USB0 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 USB Register Definition 15.4. INDEX: USB0 Endpoint Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 USB Register Definition 15.5. CLKREC: Clock Recovery Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 USB Register Definition 15.6. FIFOn: USB0 Endpoint FIFO Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 USB Register Definition 15.7. FADDR: USB0 Function Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 USB Register Definition 15.8. POWER: USB0 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 USB Register Definition 15.9. FRAMEL: USB0 Frame Number Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 USB Register Definition 15.10. FRAMEH: USB0 Frame Number High . . . . . . . . . . . 152 USB Register Definition 15.11. IN1INT: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 USB Register Definition 15.12. OUT1INT: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . 154 USB Register Definition 15.13. CMINT: USB0 Common Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 USB Register Definition 15.14. IN1IE: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Enable . . . . . . . . 156 USB Register Definition 15.15. OUT1IE: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt Enable . . . . . 156 USB Register Definition 15.16. CMIE: USB0 Common Interrupt Enable . . . . . . . . . . 157 USB Register Definition 15.17. E0CSR: USB0 Endpoint0 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 USB Register Definition 15.18. E0CNT: USB0 Endpoint 0 Data Count . . . . . . . . . . . 161 USB Register Definition 15.19. EINCSRL: USB0 IN Endpoint Control Low Byte . . . . 163 USB Register Definition 15.20. EINCSRH: USB0 IN Endpoint Control High Byte . . . 164 USB Register Definition 15.21. EOUTCSRL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control High Byte . . 166 USB Register Definition 15.22. EOUTCSRH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control Low Byte . . 167 USB Register Definition 15.23. EOUTCNTL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count Low . . . . . 167 USB Register Definition 15.24. EOUTCNTH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count High . . . . 167 SFR Definition 16.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 SFR Definition 16.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 13 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 16.3. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 SFR Definition 17.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 SFR Definition 17.2. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 SFR Definition 18.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 SFR Definition 18.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 SFR Definition 18.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 SFR Definition 18.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 SFR Definition 19.1. TCON: Timer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 SFR Definition 19.2. TMOD: Timer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 SFR Definition 19.3. CKCON: Clock Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 SFR Definition 19.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 SFR Definition 19.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 SFR Definition 19.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 SFR Definition 19.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 SFR Definition 19.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 SFR Definition 19.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 SFR Definition 19.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . 221 SFR Definition 19.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 SFR Definition 19.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 SFR Definition 19.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 SFR Definition 19.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 SFR Definition 19.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . 226 SFR Definition 19.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 SFR Definition 19.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 SFR Definition 20.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 SFR Definition 20.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 SFR Definition 20.3. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 SFR Definition 20.4. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 SFR Definition 20.5. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 SFR Definition 20.6. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 SFR Definition 20.7. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 C2 Register Definition 21.1. C2ADD: C2 Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 C2 Register Definition 21.2. C2 Device ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 C2 Register Definition 21.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 C2 Register Definition 21.4. FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 C2 Register Definition 21.5. FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Rev. 1.4 14

C8051F320/1 15 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 1. System Overview C8051F320/1 devices are fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip MCUs. Highlighted features are listed below. Refer to Table 1.1 for specific product feature selection. • High-speed pipelined 8051-compatible microcontroller core (up to 25 MIPS) • In-system, full-speed, non-intrusive debug interface (on-chip) • Universal Serial Bus (USB) Function Controller with eight flexible endpoint pipes, integrated trans- ceiver, and 1k FIFO RAM • Supply Voltage Regulator (5-to-3 V) • True 10-bit 200 ksps 17-channel single-ended/differential ADC with analog multiplexer • On-chip Voltage Reference and Temperature Sensor • On-chip Voltage Comparators (2) • Precision programmable 12 MHz internal oscillator and 4x clock multiplier • 16 kB of on-chip Flash memory • 2304 total bytes of on-chip RAM (256 + 1k + 1k USB FIFO) • SMBus/I2C, Enhanced UART, and Enhanced SPI serial interfaces implemented in hardware • Four general-purpose 16-bit timers • Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) with five capture/compare modules and Watchdog Timer function • On-chip Power-On Reset, VDD Monitor, and Missing Clock Detector • 25/21 Port I/O (5 V tolerant) With on-chip Power-On Reset, VDD monitor, Voltage Regulator, Watchdog Timer, and clock oscillator, C8051F320/1 devices are truly stand-alone System-on-a-Chip solutions. The Flash memory can be repro- grammed in-circuit, providing non-volatile data storage, and also allowing field upgrades of the 8051 firm- ware. User software has complete control of all peripherals and may individually shut down any or all peripherals for power savings. The on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) Development Interface allows non-intrusive (uses no on-chip resources), full speed, in-circuit debugging using the production MCU installed in the final application. This debug logic supports inspection and modification of memory and registers, setting breakpoints, single stepping, run and halt commands. All analog and digital peripherals are fully functional while debugging using C2. The two C2 interface pins can be shared with user functions, allowing in-system debugging with- out occupying package pins. Each device is specified for 2.7-to-3.6 V operation over the industrial temperature range (–40 to +85 °C). (Note that 3.0-to-3.6 V is required for USB communication.) The Port I/O and /RST pins are tolerant of input signals up to 5 V. C8051F320/1 are available in a 32-pin LQFP or a 28-pin QFN package. Rev. 1.4 15

C8051F320/1 Table 1.1. Product Selection Guide ) nt a pli m y o cillator ator er Arra oHS-c MIPS (Peak) Flash Memory RAM Calibrated Internal Os USB Supply Voltage Regul 2SMBus/IC Enhanced SPI UART Timers (16-bit) Programmable Count Digital Port I/Os 10-bit 200ksps ADC Temperature Sensor Voltage Reference Analog Comparators Package (lead-free, R C8051F320-GQ 25 16 k 2304       4  25    2 LQFP-32 C8051F321-GM 25 16 k 2304       4  21    2 QFN-28 P0.0 Port 0 P P0.1 REGIN 5.0V INRVeoglutalagteor Enable Latch 0 PP00..23//XXTTAALL12 Port 1 D P0.4 OUT Latch r P0.5 P0.6/CNVSTR VDD Ana lPoogw/Deirgital UART v P0.7/VREF GND Timer CR P PP11..01 0,1,2,3 / O 1 P1.2 C2D Debug HW 80 1F6LkAbSyHte PRCTAC/ SSB Dr PPPP1111....3456 /RST/C2CK Reset 51 2S56R AbyMte SWMDBTus RA Pv PP12..70 POR BrOouwtn- 1XKR bAyMte SPI 2 PPP222...123 XTAL1 XTAL2 C D P2.4 OEsxcteillrantaolr o PLaotrct h2 vr PPP222...567 Circuit System r SFR Bus P P3.0/C2D 12MHz Clock e 3 Internal x4 2 Port 3 Oscillator Latch D r v VREF Clock 2 USB Clock CP0 +- Recovery 1,2,3,4 VREF CP1 + - D+ USB USB VDD D- Transceiver Controller Temp 10-bit A AIN0-AIN16 VBUS 200ksps M 1K byte USB ADC U VDD SRAM X VREF Figure 1.1. C8051F320 Block Diagram 16 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 P0.0 Port 0 P P0.1 REGIN 5.0V INRVeoglutalagteor Enable Latch 0 PP00..23//XXTTAALL12 Port 1 D P0.4 OUT Latch r P0.5 P0.6/CNVSTR VDD Ana lPoogw/Deirgital UART v P0.7/VREF GND Timer CR P PP11..01 0,1,2,3 / O 1 P1.2 C2D Debug HW 80 1F6LkAbSyHte PRCTAC/ SSB Dr PPPP1111....3456 /RST/C2CK Reset 51 2S56R AbyMte SWMDBTus RA Pv PP12..70 POR BrOouwtn- 1K byte SPI 2 PP22..12 XRAM P2.3 XTAL1 XTAL2 C D OEsxcteillrantaolr o PLaotrct h2 vr Circuit System r SFR Bus P P3.0/C2D 12MHz Clock e 3 Internal x4 2 Port 3 Oscillator Latch D r v VREF Clock 2 USB Clock CP0 +- Recovery 1,2,3,4 VREF CP1 + - D+ USB USB VDD D- Transceiver Controller Temp 10-bit A AIN0-AIN11 VBUS 200ksps M 1K byte USB ADC U VDD SRAM X VREF Figure 1.2. C8051F321 Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 17

C8051F320/1 1.1. CIP-51™ Microcontroller Core 1.1.1. Fully 8051 Compatible The C8051F320/1 family utilizes Silicon Labs' proprietary CIP-51 microcontroller core. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the MCS-51™ instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop software. The CIP-51 core offers all the peripherals included with a standard 8052, including four 16-bit counter/timers, a full-duplex UART with extended baud rate configuration, an enhanced SPI port, 2304 bytes of on-chip RAM, 128 byte Special Function Register (SFR) address space, and 25/21 I/O pins. 1.1.2. Improved Throughput The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the stan- dard 8051 architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system clock cycles to execute with a maximum system clock of 12-to-24 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51 core exe- cutes 70% of its instructions in one or two system clock cycles, with only four instructions taking more than four system clock cycles. The CIP-51 has a total of 109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that require each execution time. Clocks to Execute 1 2 2/3 3 3/4 4 4/5 5 8 Number of Instructions 26 50 5 14 7 3 1 2 1 1.1.3. Additional Features The C8051F320/1 SoC family includes several key enhancements to the CIP-51 core and peripherals to improve performance and ease of use in end applications. The extended interrupt handler provides 16 interrupt sources into the CIP-51 (as opposed to 7 for the stan- dard 8051), allowing numerous analog and digital peripherals to interrupt the controller. An interrupt driven system requires less intervention by the MCU, giving it more effective throughput. The extra interrupt sources are very useful when building multi-tasking, real-time systems. Nine reset sources are available: power-on reset circuitry (POR), an on-chip VDD monitor (forces reset when power supply voltage drops below V as given in Table 10.1 on page 105), the USB controller RST (USB bus reset or a VBUS transition), a Watchdog Timer, a Missing Clock Detector, a voltage level detec- tion from Comparator0, a forced software reset, an external reset pin, and an errant Flash read/write pro- tection circuit. Each reset source except for the POR, Reset Input Pin, or Flash error may be disabled by the user in software. The WDT may be permanently enabled in software after a power-on reset during MCU initialization. The internal oscillator is factory calibrated to 12 MHz ±1.5%, and the internal oscillator period may be user programmed in ~0.25% increments. A clock recovery mechanism allows the internal oscillator to be used with the 4x Clock Multiplier as the USB clock source in Full Speed mode; the internal oscillator can also be used as the USB clock source in Low Speed mode. External oscillators may also be used with the 4x Clock Multiplier. An external oscillator drive circuit is also included, allowing an external crystal, ceramic resona- tor, capacitor, RC, or CMOS clock source to generate the system clock. The system clock may be config- ured to use the internal oscillator, external oscillator, or the Clock Multiplier output divided by 2. If desired, the system clock source may be switched on-the-fly between oscillator sources. An external oscillator can be extremely useful in low power applications, allowing the MCU to run from a slow (power saving) exter- nal clock source, while periodically switching to the internal oscillator as needed. 18 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 VDD Supply Monitor + Enable - Power On Reset '0' /RST Px.x Comparator 0 (wired-OR) + - Px.x C0RSEF Missing Clock Detector Reset (one- Funnel shot) WPCDAT Software Reset (SWRSF) EN Errant O Isncteillrantaolr MCDEnable WDTENEnable OFpLeAraStiHon Enable Clock System Multiplier Clock CIP-51 USB VBUS Controller Transition Microcontroller System Reset XTAL1 External Core XTAL2 OsDcriilvlaetor Clock Select Extended Interrupt Handler Figure 1.3. On-Chip Clock and Reset 1.2. On-Chip Memory The CIP-51 has a standard 8051 program and data address configuration. It includes 256 bytes of data RAM, with the upper 128 bytes dual-mapped. Indirect addressing accesses the upper 128 bytes of general purpose RAM, and direct addressing accesses the 128 byte SFR address space. The lower 128 bytes of RAM are accessible via direct and indirect addressing. The first 32 bytes are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, and the next 16 bytes can be byte addressable or bit addressable. Program memory consists of 16 kB of Flash. This memory may be reprogrammed in-system in 512 byte sectors, and requires no special off-chip programming voltage. See Figure 1.4 for the MCU system mem- ory map. Rev. 1.4 19

C8051F320/1 PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY DATA MEMORY (RAM) (Flash) INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE 0xFF Upper 128 RAM Special Function RESERVED 0x3E00 (Indirect Addressing Register's 0x3DFF 0x80 Only) (Direct Addressing Only) 0x7F (Direct and Indirect Addressing) Lower 128 RAM 16 K Flash 0x30 (Direct and Indirect 0x2F Addressing) (In-System Bit Addressable 0x20 Programmable in 512 0x1F General Purpose Byte Sectors) 0x00 Registers EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE 0x0000 0xFFFF Same 2048 bytes as from 0x0000 to 0x07FF, wrapped on 2 kB boundaries 0x0800 0x07FF USB FIFOs 1024 Bytes 0x0400 0x03FF XRAM - 1024 Bytes (accessable using MOVX 0x0000 instruction) Figure 1.4. On-Board Memory Map 1.3. Universal Serial Bus Controller The Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB0) is a USB 2.0 compliant Full or Low Speed function with inte- grated transceiver and endpoint FIFO RAM. A total of eight endpoint pipes are available: a bi-directional control endpoint (Endpoint0) and three pairs of IN/OUT endpoints (Endpoints1-3 IN/OUT). A 1k block of XRAM is used as dedicated USB FIFO space. This FIFO space is distributed among End- points0–3; Endpoint1–3 FIFO slots can be configured as IN, OUT, or both IN and OUT (split mode). The maximum FIFO size is 512 bytes (Endpoint3). USB0 can be operated as a Full or Low Speed function. On-chip 4x Clock Multiplier and clock recovery cir- cuitry allow both Full and Low Speed options to be implemented with the on-chip precision oscillator as the USB clock source. An external oscillator source can also be used with the 4x Clock Multiplier to generate the USB clock. The CPU clock source is independent of the USB clock. 20 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 The USB Transceiver is USB 2.0 compliant, and includes on-chip matching and pull-up resistors. The pull- up resistors can be enabled/disabled in software, and will appear on the D+ or D– pin according to the soft- ware-selected speed setting (Full or Low Speed). Transceiver Serial Interface Engine (SIE) Endpoint0 VDD IN/OUT D+ USB Data Control, CIP-51 Core Transfer Endpoint1 Status, and Control Endpoint2 Interrupt Registers D- IN EOnUdpToint3 IN OUT IN OUT USB FIFOs (1k RAM) Figure 1.5. USB Controller Block Diagram 1.4. Voltage Regulator C8051F320/1 devices include a 5-to-3 V voltage regulator (REG0). When enabled, the REG0 output appears on the VDD pin and can be used to power external devices. REG0 can be enabled/disabled by software. 1.5. On-Chip Debug Circuitry The C8051F320/1 devices include on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug circuitry that provides non-intru- sive, full speed, in-circuit debugging of the production part installed in the end application. Silicon Labs' debugging system supports inspection and modification of memory and registers, break- points, and single stepping. No additional target RAM, program memory, timers, or communications chan- nels are required. All the digital and analog peripherals are functional and work correctly while debugging. All the peripherals (except for the USB, ADC, and SMBus) are stalled when the MCU is halted, during sin- gle stepping, or at a breakpoint in order to keep them synchronized. The C8051F320DK development kit provides all the hardware and software necessary to develop applica- tion code and perform in-circuit debugging with the C8051F320/1 MCUs. The kit includes software with a developer's studio and debugger, 8051 assembler and linker, evaluation ‘C’ compiler, and a debug adapter. It also has a target application board with the C8051F320 MCU installed, the necessary cables for connection to a PC, and a wall-mount power supply. The development kit contents may also be used to program and debug the device on the production PCB using the appropriate connections for the program- ming pins. The Silicon Labs IDE interface is a vastly superior developing and debugging configuration, compared to standard MCU emulators that use on-board "ICE Chips" and require the MCU in the application board to Rev. 1.4 21

C8051F320/1 be socketed. Silicon Labs' debug paradigm increases ease of use and preserves the performance of the precision analog peripherals. AC/DC Adapter PC USB Debug Adapter Target Board CUaSbBle StopPower Run USB DEBUG ADAPTERSilicon Laboratories P3.7 SILICONP LWARBORATMORCIEUS RESET P1.6 Port 2 Port 0 Port 1 Port 3 Port 4 Figure 1.6. Development/In-System Debug Diagram 1.6. Programmable Digital I/O and Crossbar C8051F320 devices include 25 I/O pins (three byte-wide Ports and one 1-bit-wide Port); C8051F321 devices include 21 I/O pins (two byte-wide Ports, one 4-bit-wide Port, and one 1-bit-wide Port). The C8051F320/1 Ports behave like typical 8051 Ports with a few enhancements. Each Port pin may be config- ured as an analog input or a digital I/O pin. Pins selected as digital I/Os may additionally be configured for push-pull or open-drain output. The “weak pull-ups” that are fixed on typical 8051 devices may be globally disabled, providing power savings capabilities. The Digital Crossbar allows mapping of internal digital system resources to Port I/O pins (See Figure 1.7). On-chip counter/timers, serial buses, HW interrupts, comparator outputs, and other digital signals in the controller can be configured to appear on the Port I/O pins specified in the Crossbar Control registers. This allows the user to select the exact mix of general purpose Port I/O and digital resources needed for the particular application. 22 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 XBR0, XBR1, PnMDOUT, PnSKIP Registers PnMDIN Registers Priority Decoder Highest 2 UART Priority 4 8 P0 P0.0 SPI I/O Cells P0.7 2 s) SMBus gnal Digital 8 P1 P1.0 gital Si OuCtPp0uts 2 Crossbar CIe/Olls P1.7 nternal Di SOYuCStPpC1uLtsK 2 8 IP/O2 P2.0 (I Cells P2.7 6 PCA 1 P3 P3.0 Lowest 2 I/O T0, T1 Cells Priority Note: P2.4-P2.7 only available 8 on the C8051F320 P0 (P0.0-P0.7) 8 es) P1 (P1.0-P1.7) h c Lat 8 Port P2 (P2.0-P2.7) ( 8 P3 (P3.0) Figure 1.7. Digital Crossbar Diagram 1.7. Serial Ports The C8051F320/1 Family includes an SMBus/I2C interface, a full-duplex UART with enhanced baud rate configuration, and an Enhanced SPI interface. Each of the serial buses is fully implemented in hardware and makes extensive use of the CIP-51's interrupts, thus requiring very little CPU intervention. 1.8. Programmable Counter Array An on-chip Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) is included in addition to the four 16-bit general pur- pose counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer time base with five programma- ble capture/compare modules. The PCA clock is derived from one of six sources: the system clock divided by 12, the system clock divided by 4, Timer 0 overflows, an External Clock Input (ECI), the system clock, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. The external clock source selection is useful for real-time clock functionality, where the PCA is clocked by an external source while the internal oscillator drives the system clock. Each capture/compare module can be configured to operate in one of six modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software Timer, High Speed Output, 8- or 16-bit Pulse Width Modulator, or Frequency Output. Additionally, Capture/Compare Module 4 offers watchdog timer (WDT) capabilities. Following a system reset, Module 4 is configured and enabled in WDT mode. The PCA Capture/Compare Module I/O and External Clock Input may be routed to Port I/O via the Digital Crossbar. Rev. 1.4 23

C8051F320/1 SYSCLK/12 SYSCLK/4 Timer 0 Overflow PCA 16-Bit Counter/Timer ECI CLOCK MUX SYSCLK External Clock/8 Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Module 0 Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 / WDT E C C C C C C E E E E E I X X X X X 0 1 2 3 4 Crossbar Port I/O Figure 1.9. PCA Block Diagram 1.9. 10-Bit Analog to Digital Converter The C8051F320/1 devices include an on-chip 10-bit SAR ADC with a 17-channel differential input multi- plexer. With a maximum throughput of 200 ksps, the ADC offers true 10-bit linearity with an INL of ±1LSB. The ADC system includes a configurable analog multiplexer that selects both positive and negative ADC inputs. Ports1-3 are available as ADC inputs; additionally, the on-chip Temperature Sensor output and the power supply voltage (VDD) are available as ADC inputs. User firmware may shut down the ADC to save power. Conversions can be started in six ways: a software command, an overflow of Timer 0, 1, 2, or 3, or an external convert start signal. This flexibility allows the start of conversion to be triggered by software events, a periodic signal (timer overflows), or external HW signals. Conversion completions are indicated by a status bit and an interrupt (if enabled). The resulting 10-bit data word is latched into the ADC data SFRs upon completion of a conversion. Window compare registers for the ADC data can be configured to interrupt the controller when ADC data is either within or outside of a specified range. The ADC can monitor a key voltage continuously in back- ground mode, but not interrupt the controller unless the converted data is within/outside the specified range. 24 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Analog Multiplexer P1.0 Configuration, Control, and Data Registers P1.7 P2.0 19-to-1 P2.4-2.7 AMUX 000 AD0BUSY (W) aCv8a0il5a1bFle3 o2n0 P2.7 ConSvtearrstion 000110 TTiimmeerr 02 OOvveerrffllooww P3.0 011 Timer 1 Overflow 100 CNVSTR Input Temp Sensor 101 Timer 3 Overflow VDD 10-Bit (+) SAR ADC Data 16 Registers P1.0 (-) ADC P1.7 Window P2.0 19-to-1 Window Compare Compare AMUX End of Logic Interrupt P2.4-2.7 Conversion available on Interrupt C8051F320 P2.7 P3.0 VREF GND Figure 1.10. 10-Bit ADC Block Diagram 1.10. Comparators C8051F320/1 devices include two on-chip voltage comparators that are enabled/disabled and configured via user software. Port I/O pins may be configured as comparator inputs via a selection mux. Two compar- ator outputs may be routed to a Port pin if desired: a latched output and/or an unlatched (asynchronous) output. Comparator response time is programmable, allowing the user to select between high-speed and low-power modes. Positive and negative hysteresis are also configurable. Comparator interrupts may be generated on rising, falling, or both edges. When in IDLE mode, these inter- rupts may be used as a “wake-up” source. Comparator0 may also be configured as a reset source. Figure 1.11 shows the Comparator0 block diagram. Rev. 1.4 25

C8051F320/1 CP0EN CP0OUT N CP0RIF VDD C CP0FIF 0 T CP0HYP1 P X CMX0N1 C CP0HYP0 CP0 0M CMX0N0 CP0HYN1 Interrupt T P CP0HYN0 C CMX0P1 CMX0P0 P1.0 CP0 CP0 Rising-edge Falling-edge P1.4 P2.0 CP0 + Interrupt CP0RIE Logic CP0FIE P2.4 + CP0 DSETQ DSETQ - CLRQ CLRQ P1.1 Crossbar (SYNCHRONIZER) P1.5 CP0 - GND CP0A P2.1 Reset Decision P2.5 Tree D CP0RIE Note: P2.4 and P2.5 available M CP0FIE 0 only on C8051F320 T P C CP0MD1 CP0MD0 Figure 1.11. Comparator0 Block Diagram 26 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 2.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Ambient temperature under bias –55 — 125 °C Storage Temperature –65 — 150 °C Voltage on any Port I/O Pin or /RST with –0.3 — 5.8 V respect to GND Voltage on VDD with respect to GND –0.3 — 4.2 V Maximum Total current through VDD and — — 500 mA GND Maximum output current sunk by /RST or any — — 100 mA Port pin Note: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Rev. 1.4 27

C8051F320/1 3. Global Electrical Characteristics Table 3.1. Global Electrical Characteristics –40 to +85 °C, 25 MHz system clock unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Digital Supply Voltage VRST1,2 3.0 3.6 V Digital Supply RAM Data - 1.5 — V Retention Voltage SYSCLK (System Clock)3 0 — 25 MHz T (SYSCLK High Time) 18 — — ns SYSH T (SYSCLK Low Time) 18 — — ns SYSL Specificed Operating Tem- –40 — +85 °C perature Range Digital Supply Current - CPU Active (Normal Mode, fetching instructions from Flash) IDD4 VDD = 3.6 V; F = 25 MHz — 12.3 13.6 mA V = 3.3 V, F = 24 MHz — 10.6 11.5 mA DD V = 3.3 V, F = 6 MHz — 3.2 — mA DD V = 3.3 V, F = 32 kHz — 38 — uA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 24 MHz — 9.0 9.8 mA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 6 MHz — 2.7 — mA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 32 kHz — 32 — uA DD IDD Supply Sensitivity4 F = 24 MHz — 0.66 — %/V F = 6 MHz — 0.63 — %/V IDD Frequency Sensitivity4,5 VDD = 3.0 V, F < 15 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.45 — mA/MHz V = 3.0 V, F > 15 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.26 — mA/MHz DD V = 3.3 V, F < 15 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.53 — mA/MHz DD V = 3.3 V, F > 15 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.29 — mA/MHz DD Digital Supply Current - CPU and USB Active (USB Transceiver Enabled and Connected to PC) IDD4 VDD = 3.3 V, F = 24 MHz, Full Speed — 16.8 — mA V = 3.0 V, F = 24 MHz, Full Speed — 14.4 — mA DD V = 3.3 V, F = 6 MHz, Low Speed — 7.2 — mA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 6 MHz, Low Speed — 6.0 — mA DD Digital Supply Current - CPU Inactive (Idle Mode, not fetching instructions from Flash) Idle IDD4 VDD = 3.6 V; F = 25 Mhz — 5.8 6.5 mA V = 3.3 V, F = 24 MHz — 5.2 5.9 mA DD V = 3.3 V, F = 6 MHz — 1.7 — mA DD V = 3.3 V, F = 32 kHz — 14 — uA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 24 MHz — 4.6 5.2 mA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 6 MHz — 1.5 — mA DD V = 3.0 V, F = 32 kHz — 11 — uA DD 28 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 3.1. Global Electrical Characteristics (Continued) –40 to +85 °C, 25 MHz system clock unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Idle IDD Supply Sensitivity4 F = 24 MHz — 0.47 — %/V F = 6 MHz — 0.50 — %/V Idle IDD Frequency VDD = 3.0 V, F < 1 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.25 — mA/MHz Sensitivity 4,6 V = 3.0 V, F > 1 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.17 — mA/MHz DD V = 3.3 V, F < 1 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.29 — mA/MHz DD V = 3.3 V, F > 1 MHz, T = 25 °C — 0.20 — mA/MHz DD Digital Supply Current Oscillator not running, — <0.1 — µA (Stop Mode) VDD Monitor disabled Notes: 1. Given in Table 10.1, “Reset Electrical Characteristics,” on page 105. 2. USB requires a minimum supply voltage of 3.0 V. 3. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging. 4. Based on device characterization data; Not production tested. 5. IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 15 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate IDD for >15 MHz, the estimate should be the current at 24 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency sensitivity number. For example: VDD = 3.0 V; F = 20 MHz, IDD = 9.0 mA – (24 MHz – 20 MHz) x 0.26 mA/MHz = 7.96 mA. 6. Idle IDD can be estimated for frequencies < 1 MHz by simply multiplying the frequency of interest by the frequency sensitivity number for that range. When using these numbers to estimate Idle IDD for >1 MHz, the estimate should be the current at 24 MHz minus the difference in current indicated by the frequency sensitivity number. For example: VDD = 3.0 V; F = 5 MHz, Idle IDD = 4.6 mA – (24 MHz – 5 MHz) x 0.17 mA/MHz = 1.37 mA. Table 3.2. Index to Electrical Characteristics Tables Peripheral Electrical Characteristics Page # ADC0 Electrical Characteristics 54 Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics 56 Comparator Electrical Characteristics 66 Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics 68 Reset Electrical Characteristics 105 Flash Electrical Characteristics 107 Internal Oscillator Electrical Characteristics 125 Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics 138 Rev. 1.4 29

C8051F320/1 4. Pinout and Package Definitions Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1 Pin Numbers Name Type Description ‘F320 ‘F321 Power In 2.7-3.6 V Power Supply Voltage Input. VDD 6 6 Power Out 3.3 V Voltage Regulator Output. See Section 8. GND 3 3 Ground. /RST/ D I/O Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal POR or VDD monitor. An external source can initiate a system reset by 9 9 driving this pin low for at least 15 µs. See Section 10. C2CK D I/O Clock signal for the C2 Debug Interface. P3.0/ D I/O Port 3.0. See Section 14 for a complete description. 10 10 C2D D I/O Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug Interface. REGIN Power In 5 V Regulator Input. This pin is the input to the on-chip volt- 7 7 age regulator. VBUS Sense Input. This pin should be connected to the VBUS 8 8 D In VBUS signal of a USB network. A 5 V signal on this pin indi- cates a USB network connection. D+ 4 4 D I/O USB D+. D- 5 5 D I/O USB D–. P0.0 2 2 D I/O Port 0.0. See Section 14 for a complete description of Port 0. P0.1 1 1 D I/O Port 0.1. P0.2/ D I/O Port 0.2. 32 28 External Clock Input. This pin is the external oscillator return XTAL1 A In for a crystal or resonator. See Section 13. P0.3/ D I/O Port 0.3. External Clock Output. This pin is the excitation driver for an 31 27 A I/O or external crystal or resonator, or an external clock input for XTAL2 D In CMOS, capacitor, or RC oscillator configurations. See Sec- tion 13. P0.4 30 26 D I/O Port 0.4. P0.5 29 25 D I/O Port 0.5. P0.6/ Port 0.6. 28 24 CNVSTR ADC0 External Convert Start Input. See Section 5. P0.7/ D I/O Port 0.7. 27 23 VREF A I/O External VREF input or output. See Section 6. D I/O or P1.0 26 22 Port 1.0. See Section 14 for a complete description of Port 1. A In 30 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 4.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F320/1 (Continued) Pin Numbers Name Type Description ‘F320 ‘F321 D I/O or P1.1 25 21 Port 1.1. A In D I/O or P1.2 24 20 Port 1.2. A In D I/O or P1.3 23 19 Port 1.3. A In D I/O or P1.4 22 18 Port 1.4. A In D I/O or P1.5 21 17 Port 1.5. A In D I/O or P1.6 20 16 Port 1.6. A In D I/O or P1.7 19 15 Port 1.7. A In D I/O or P2.0 18 14 Port 2.0. See Section 14 for a complete description of Port 2. A In D I/O or P2.1 17 13 Port 2.1. A In D I/O or P2.2 16 12 Port 2.2. A In D I/O or P2.3 15 11 Port 2.3. A In D I/O or P2.4 14 Port 2.4. A In D I/O or P2.5 13 Port 2.5. A In D I/O or P2.6 12 Port 2.6. A In D I/O or P2.7 11 Port 2.7. A In Rev. 1.4 31

C8051F320/1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. P P P P P P P P 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 P0.1 1 24 P1.2 P0.0 2 23 P1.3 GND 3 22 P1.4 C8051F320 D+ 4 21 P1.5 Top View D- 5 20 P1.6 VDD 6 19 P1.7 REGIN 7 18 P2.0 VBUS 8 17 P2.1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 K D 7 6 5 4 3 2 C 2 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 C P P P P P P T / C 3.0 / S P R / Figure 4.1. LQFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View) 32 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Figure 4.2. LQFP-32 Package Drawing Table 4.2. LQFP-32 Package Dimensions Dimension Min Nom Max A — — 1.60 A1 0.05 — 0.15 A2 1.35 1.40 1.45 b 0.30 0.37 0.45 c 0.09 — 0.20 D 9.00 BSC. D1 7.00 BSC. e 0.80 BSC. E 9.00 BSC. E1 7.00 BSC. L 0.45 0.60 0.75 Rev. 1.4 33

C8051F320/1 Table 4.2. LQFP-32 Package Dimensions (Continued) Dimension Min Nom Max aaa 0.20 bbb 0.20 ccc 0.10 ddd 0.20 Q 0° 3.5° 7° Notes: 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994. 3. This drawing conforms to JEDEC outline MS-026, variation BBA. 4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD- 020 specification for Small Body Components. 34 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Figure 4.3. LQFP-32 Recommended PCB Land Pattern Table 4.3. LQFP-32 PCB Land Pattern Dimensions Dimension Min Max Dimension Min Max C1 8.40 8.50 X1 0.40 0.50 C2 8.40 8.50 Y1 1.25 1.35 E 0.80 Notes: General 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines. Solder Mask Design 3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the metal pad is to be 60μm minimum, all the way around the pad. Stencil Design 4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure good solder paste release. 5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125mm (5 mils). 6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all pads. Card Assembly 7. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended. 8. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. Rev. 1.4 35

C8051F320/1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 P P P P P P P 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P0.1 1 21 P1.1 P0.0 2 20 P1.2 GND 3 19 P1.3 C8051F321 D+ 4 18 P1.4 Top View D- 5 17 P1.5 VDD 6 16 P1.6 GND REGIN 7 15 P1.7 0 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 S K D 3 2 1 0 U C 2 2. 2. 2. 2. B 2 C P P P P V C / / 0 T 3. S P R / Figure 4.4. QFN-28 Pinout Diagram (Top View) 36 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Figure 4.5. QFN-28 Package Drawing Table 4.4. QFN-28 Package Dimensions Dimension Min Typ Max Dimension Min Typ Max A 0.80 0.90 1.00 L 0.35 0.55 0.65 A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 L1 0.00 — 0.15 A3 0.25 REF aaa 0.15 b 0.18 0.23 0.30 bbb 0.10 D 5.00 BSC. ddd 0.05 D2 2.90 3.15 3.35 eee 0.08 e 0.50 BSC. Z 0.44 E 5.00 BSC. Y 0.18 E2 2.90 3.15 3.35 Notes: 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994. 3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation VHHD except for custom features D2, E2, Z, Y, and L which are toleranced per supplier designation. 4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. Rev. 1.4 37

C8051F320/1 Figure 4.6. QFN-28 Recommended PCB Land Pattern Table 4.5. QFN-28 PCB Land Pattern Dimesions Dimension Min Max Dimension Min Max C1 4.80 X2 3.20 3.30 C2 4.80 Y1 0.85 0.95 E 0.50 Y2 3.20 3.30 X1 0.20 0.30 Notes: General 1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted. 2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing is per the ANSI Y14.5M-1994 specification. 3. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines. Solder Mask Design 4. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the metal pad is to be 60μm minimum, all the way around the pad. Stencil Design 5. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure good solder paste release. 6. The stencil thickness should be 0.125mm (5 mils). 7. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pins. 8. A 3x3 array of 0.90mm openings on a 1.1mm pitch should be used for the center pad to assure the proper paste volume (67% Paste Coverage). Card Assembly 9. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended. 10. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body Components. 38 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 5. 10-Bit ADC (ADC0) The ADC0 subsystem for the C8051F320/1 consists of two analog multiplexers (referred to collectively as AMUX0) with 17 total input selections, and a 200 ksps, 10-bit successive-approximation-register ADC with integrated track-and-hold and programmable window detector. The AMUX0, data conversion modes, and window detector are all configurable under software control via the Special Function Registers shown in Figure 5.1. ADC0 operates in both Single-ended and Differential modes, and may be configured to mea- sure P1.0-P3.0, the Temperature Sensor output, or VDD with respect to P1.0-P3.0, VREF, or GND. The ADC0 subsystem is enabled only when the AD0EN bit in the ADC0 Control register (ADC0CN) is set to logic 1. The ADC0 subsystem is in low power shutdown when this bit is logic 0. P1.0 AMX0P ADC0CN P1.7 AMX0P4AMX0P3AMX0P2AMX0P1AMX0P0 AD0ENAD0TMAD0INTAD0BUSYAD0WINTAD0CM2AD0CM1AD0CM0 P2.0 19-to-1 P2.4-2.7 AMUX VDD 000 AD0BUSY (W) Start available on Conversion 001 Timer 0 Overflow C8051F320 P2.7 010 Timer 2 Overflow P3.0 011 Timer 1 Overflow VDD 100 CNVSTR Input L Temp 10-Bit C0 101 Timer 3 Overflow Sensor D (+) A SAR (-) ADC H P1.0 0 C D A KF P1.7 CLRE P2.0 YS AD0WINT 19-to-1 S P2.4-2.7 AMUX Window aCv8a0il5a1bFle3 o20n VPPR23E..F70 AMMX0N4XMX0N30NMX0N2MX0N1MX0N0 AD0SC4AD0SC3AD0SC2AD0SC1AD0SC0AD0LJST ADC0LTH ADC0LTL 32 CoLmogpiacre AAAAA ADC0CF ADC0GTH ADC0GTL GND Figure 5.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 39

C8051F320/1 5.1. Analog Multiplexer AMUX0 selects the positive and negative inputs to the ADC. Any of the following may be selected as the positive input: P1.0-P3.0, the on-chip temperature sensor, or the positive power supply (V ). Any of the DD following may be selected as the negative input: P1.0-P3.0, VREF, or GND. When GND is selected as the negative input, ADC0 operates in Single-ended Mode; all other times, ADC0 operates in Differ- ential Mode. The ADC0 input channels are selected in the AMX0P and AMX0N registers as described in Figure 5.2 and Figure 5.2. The conversion code format differs between Single-ended and Differential modes. The registers ADC0H and ADC0L contain the high and low bytes of the output conversion code from the ADC at the completion of each conversion. Data can be right-justified or left-justified, depending on the setting of the AD0LJST bit (ADC0CN.0). When in Single-ended Mode, conversion codes are represented as 10-bit unsigned integers. Inputs are measured from ‘0’ to VREF x 1023/1024. Example codes are shown below for both right-justi- fied and left-justified data. Unused bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to ‘0’. Input Voltage Right-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L Left-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L (Single-Ended) (AD0LJST = 0) (AD0LJST = 1) VREF x 1023/1024 0x03FF 0xFFC0 VREF x 512/1024 0x0200 0x8000 VREF x 256/1024 0x0100 0x4000 0 0x0000 0x0000 When in Differential Mode, conversion codes are represented as 10-bit signed 2’s complement numbers. Inputs are measured from –VREF to VREF x 511/512. Example codes are shown below for both right-jus- tified and left-justified data. For right-justified data, the unused MSBs of ADC0H are a sign-extension of the data word. For left-justified data, the unused LSBs in the ADC0L register are set to ‘0’. Input Voltage Right-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L Left-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L (Differential) (AD0LJST = 0) (AD0LJST = 1) VREF x 511/512 0x01FF 0x7FC0 VREF x 256/512 0x0100 0x4000 0 0x0000 0x0000 –VREF x 256/512 0xFF00 0xC000 –VREF 0xFE00 0x8000 Important Note About ADC0 Input Configuration: Port pins selected as ADC0 inputs should be config- ured as analog inputs, and should be skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure a Port pin for analog input, set to ‘0’ the corresponding bit in register PnMDIN (for n = 0,1,2,3). To force the Crossbar to skip a Port pin, set to ‘1’ the corresponding bit in register PnSKIP (for n = 0,1,2). See Section “14. Port Input/Out- put” on page 126 for more Port I/O configuration details. 40 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 5.2. Temperature Sensor The temperature sensor transfer function is shown in Figure 5.2. The output voltage (V ) is the positive TEMP ADC input when the temperature sensor is selected by bits AMX0P4-0 in register AMX0P. Values for the Offset and Slope parameters can be found in Table 5.1. V = (Gain x Temp ) + Offset TEMP C Temp = (V - Offset) / Gain C TEMP Gain (V / deg C) e g a t ol Offset (V at 0 Celsius) V Temperature Figure 5.2. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function The uncalibrated temperature sensor output is extremely linear and suitable for relative temperature mea- surements (see Table 5.1 for linearity specifications). For absolute temperature measurements, offset and/ or gain calibration is recommended. Typically a 1-point (offset) calibration includes the following steps: Step 1. Control/measure the ambient temperature (this temperature must be known). Step 2. Power the device, and delay for a few seconds to allow for self-heating. Step 3. Perform an ADC conversion with the temperature sensor selected as the positive input and GND selected as the negative input. Step 4. Calculate the offset characteristics, and store this value in non-volatile memory for use with subsequent temperature sensor measurements. Figure 5.3 shows the typical temperature sensor error assuming a 1-point calibration at 25 °C. Note that parameters which affect ADC measurement, in particular the voltage reference value, will also affect temperature measurement. Rev. 1.4 41

C8051F320/1 5.0 5.0 0 0 4.0 4.0 0 0 3.0 3.0 0 0 2.0 2.0 0 0 ) C 1.0 1.0 s 0 0 e e r g 0.0 0.0 (de 0-40.00 -20.00 00.0 20.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 0 r 0 o r-1.00 -1.00 r E -2.00 -2.00 -3.00 -3.00 -4.00 -4.00 -5.00 -5.00 Temperature (degrees C) Figure 5.3. Temperature Sensor Error with 1-Point Calibration (VREF = 2.40 V) 42 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 5.3. Modes of Operation ADC0 has a maximum conversion speed of 200 ksps. The ADC0 conversion clock is a divided version of the system clock, determined by the AD0SC bits in the ADC0CF register (system clock divided by (AD0SC + 1) for 0 ≤ AD0SC ≤ 31). 5.3.1. Starting a Conversion A conversion can be initiated in one of five ways, depending on the programmed states of the ADC0 Start of Conversion Mode bits (AD0CM2–0) in register ADC0CN. Conversions may be initiated by one of the fol- lowing: 1. Writing a ‘1’ to the AD0BUSY bit of register ADC0CN 2. A Timer 0 overflow (i.e., timed continuous conversions) 3. A Timer 2 overflow 4. A Timer 1 overflow 5. A rising edge on the CNVSTR input signal (pin P0.6) 6. A Timer 3 overflow Writing a ‘1’ to AD0BUSY provides software control of ADC0 whereby conversions are performed "on- demand". During conversion, the AD0BUSY bit is set to logic 1 and reset to logic 0 when the conversion is complete. The falling edge of AD0BUSY triggers an interrupt (when enabled) and sets the ADC0 interrupt flag (AD0INT). Note: When polling for ADC conversion completions, the ADC0 interrupt flag (AD0INT) should be used. Converted data is available in the ADC0 data registers, ADC0H:ADC0L, when bit AD0INT is logic 1. Note that when Timer 2 or Timer 3 overflows are used as the conversion source, Low Byte over- flows are used if Timer 2/3 is in 8-bit mode; High byte overflows are used if Timer 2/3 is in 16-bit mode. See Section “19. Timers” on page 209 for timer configuration. Important Note About Using CNVSTR: The CNVSTR input pin also functions as Port pin P0.6. When the CNVSTR input is used as the ADC0 conversion source, Port pin P0.6 should be skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure the Crossbar to skip P0.6, set to ‘1’ Bit6 in register P0SKIP. See Section “14. Port Input/Output” on page 126 for details on Port I/O configuration. Rev. 1.4 43

C8051F320/1 5.3.2. Tracking Modes The AD0TM bit in register ADC0CN controls the ADC0 track-and-hold mode. In its default state, the ADC0 input is continuously tracked, except when a conversion is in progress. When the AD0TM bit is logic 1, ADC0 operates in low-power track-and-hold mode. In this mode, each conversion is preceded by a track- ing period of 3 SAR clocks (after the start-of-conversion signal). When the CNVSTR signal is used to initi- ate conversions in low-power tracking mode, ADC0 tracks only when CNVSTR is low; conversion begins on the rising edge of CNVSTR (see Figure 5.4). Tracking can also be disabled (shutdown) when the device is in low power standby or sleep modes. Low-power track-and-hold mode is also useful when AMUX set- tings are frequently changed, due to the settling time requirements described in Section “5.3.3. Settling Time Requirements” on page 45. A. ADC0 Timing for External Trigger Source CNVSTR (AD0CM[2:0] = 100) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SAR Clocks Low Power Low Power AD0TM = 1 Track Convert or Convert Mode AD0TM = 0 Track or Convert Convert Track B. ADC0 Timing for Internal Trigger Source Write '1' to AD0BUSY, Timer 0, Timer 2, Timer 1, Timer 3 Overflow (AD0CM[2:0] = 000, 001,010 011, 101) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SAR Clocks Low Power AD0TM = 1 Track Convert Low Power Mode or Convert 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SAR Clocks Track or AD0TM = 0 Convert Track Convert Figure 5.4. 10-Bit ADC Track and Conversion Example Timing 44 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 5.3.3. Settling Time Requirements When the ADC0 input configuration is changed (i.e., a different AMUX0 selection is made), a minimum tracking time is required before an accurate conversion can be performed. This tracking time is determined by the AMUX0 resistance, the ADC0 sampling capacitance, any external source resistance, and the accu- racy required for the conversion. Note that in low-power tracking mode, three SAR clocks are used for tracking at the start of every conversion. For most applications, these three SAR clocks will meet the mini- mum tracking time requirements. Figure 5.5 shows the equivalent ADC0 input circuits for both Differential and Single-ended modes. Notice that the equivalent time constant for both input circuits is the same. The required ADC0 settling time for a given settling accuracy (SA) may be approximated by Equation 5.1. When measuring the Temperature Sensor output or VDD with respect to GND, R reduces to R . See Table 5.1 for ADC0 minimum TOTAL MUX settling time requirements. Equation 5.1. ADC0 Settling Time Requirements n t = ln-2------ × R C SA TOTAL SAMPLE Where: SA is the settling accuracy, given as a fraction of an LSB (for example, 0.25 to settle within 1/4 LSB) t is the required settling time in seconds R is the sum of the AMUX0 resistance and any external source resistance. TOTAL n is the ADC resolution in bits (10). Differential Mode Single-Ended Mode MUX MUX Select Select Px.x Px.x R = 5k R = 5k MUX MUX C = 5pF C = 5pF SAMPLE SAMPLE RC = R * C RC = R * C Input MUX SAMPLE Input MUX SAMPLE C = 5pF SAMPLE Px.x R = 5k MUX MUX Select Figure 5.5. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuits Rev. 1.4 45

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 5.1. AMX0P: AMUX0 Positive Channel Select R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - AMX0P4 AMX0P3 AMX0P2 AMX0P1 AMX0P0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xBB Bits7–5: UNUSED. Read = 000b; Write = don’t care. Bits4–0: AMX0P4–0: AMUX0 Positive Input Selection AMX0P4–0 ADC0 Positive Input 00000 P1.0 00001 P1.1 00010 P1.2 00011 P1.3 00100 P1.4 00101 P1.5 00110 P1.6 00111 P1.7 01000 P2.0 01001 P2.1 01010 P2.2 01011 P2.3 01100* P2.4* 01101* P2.5* 01110* P2.6* 01111* P2.7* 10000 P3.0 10001–11101 RESERVED 11110 Temp Sensor 11111 VDD *Note: Only applies to C8051F320; selection RESERVED on C8051F321 devices. 46 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 5.2. AMX0N: AMUX0 Negative Channel Select R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - AMX0N4 AMX0N3 AMX0N2 AMX0N1 AMX0N0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xBA Bits7–5: UNUSED. Read = 000b; Write = don’t care. Bits4–0: AMX0N4–0: AMUX0 Negative Input Selection. Note that when GND is selected as the Negative Input, ADC0 operates in Single-ended mode. For all other Negative Input selections, ADC0 operates in Differential mode. AMX0N4–0 ADC0 Negative Input 00000 P1.0 00001 P1.1 00010 P1.2 00011 P1.3 00100 P1.4 00101 P1.5 00110 P1.6 00111 P1.7 01000 P2.0 01001 P2.1 01010 P2.2 01011 P2.3 01100* P2.4* 01101* P2.5* 01110* P2.6* 01111* P2.7* 10000 P3.0 10001–11101 RESERVED 11110 VREF 11111 GND (ADC in Single-Ended Mode) *Note: Only applies to C8051F320; selection RESERVED on C8051F321 devices. Rev. 1.4 47

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 5.3. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value AD0SC4 AD0SC3 AD0SC2 AD0SC1 AD0SC0 AD0LJST - - 11111000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xBC Bits7–3: AD0SC4–0: ADC0 SAR Conversion Clock Period Bits. SAR Conversion clock is derived from system clock by the following equation, where AD0SC refers to the 5-bit value held in bits AD0SC4-0. SAR Conversion clock requirements are given in Table 5.1. SYSCLK AD0SC = ---------------------- –1 CLK SAR Bit2: AD0LJST: ADC0 Left Justify Select. 0: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers are right-justified. 1: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers are left-justified. Bits1–0: UNUSED. Read = 00b; Write = don’t care. SFR Definition 5.4. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xBE Bits7–0: ADC0 Data Word High-Order Bits. For AD0LJST = 0: Bits 7-2 are the sign extension of Bit1. Bits 1–0 are the upper 2 bits of the 10-bit ADC0 Data Word. For AD0LJST = 1: Bits 7–0 are the most-significant bits of the 10-bit ADC0 Data Word. SFR Definition 5.5. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xBD Bits7–0: ADC0 Data Word Low-Order Bits. For AD0LJST = 0: Bits 7–0 are the lower 8 bits of the 10-bit Data Word. For AD0LJST = 1: Bits 7–6 are the lower 2 bits of the 10-bit Data Word. Bits 5–0 will always read ‘0’. 48 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 5.6. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value AD0EN AD0TM AD0INT AD0BUSY AD0WINT AD0CM2 AD0CM1 AD0CM0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xE8 Bit7: AD0EN: ADC0 Enable Bit. 0: ADC0 Disabled. ADC0 is in low-power shutdown. 1: ADC0 Enabled. ADC0 is active and ready for data conversions. Bit6: AD0TM: ADC0 Track Mode Bit. 0: Normal Track Mode: When ADC0 is enabled, tracking is continuous unless a conversion is in progress. 1: Low-power Track Mode: Tracking Defined by AD0CM2-0 bits (see below). Bit5: AD0INT: ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Flag. 0: ADC0 has not completed a data conversion since the last time AD0INT was cleared. 1: ADC0 has completed a data conversion. Bit4: AD0BUSY: ADC0 Busy Bit. Read: 0: ADC0 conversion is complete or a conversion is not currently in progress. AD0INT is set to logic 1 on the falling edge of AD0BUSY. 1: ADC0 conversion is in progress. Write: 0: No Effect. 1: Initiates ADC0 Conversion if AD0CM2–0 = 000b Bit3: AD0WINT: ADC0 Window Compare Interrupt Flag. 0: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has not occurred since this flag was last cleared. 1: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has occurred. Bits2–0: AD0CM2–0: ADC0 Start of Conversion Mode Select. When AD0TM = 0: 000: ADC0 conversion initiated on every write of ‘1’ to AD0BUSY. 001: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 0. 010: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 2. 011: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 1. 100: ADC0 conversion initiated on rising edge of external CNVSTR. 101: ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 3. 11x: Reserved. When AD0TM = 1: 000: Tracking initiated on write of ‘1’ to AD0BUSY and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conver- sion. 001: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 0 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion. 010: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 2 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion. 011: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 1 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion. 100: ADC0 tracks only when CNVSTR input is logic low; conversion starts on rising CNVSTR edge. 101: Tracking initiated on overflow of Timer 3 and lasts 3 SAR clocks, followed by conversion. 11x: Reserved. Rev. 1.4 49

C8051F320/1 5.4. Programmable Window Detector The ADC Programmable Window Detector continuously compares the ADC0 conversion results to user- programmed limits, and notifies the system when a desired condition is detected. This is especially effec- tive in an interrupt-driven system, saving code space and CPU bandwidth while delivering faster system response times. The window detector interrupt flag (AD0WINT in register ADC0CN) can also be used in polled mode. The ADC0 Greater-Than (ADC0GTH, ADC0GTL) and Less-Than (ADC0LTH, ADC0LTL) registers hold the comparison values. The window detector flag can be programmed to indicate when mea- sured data is inside or outside of the user-programmed limits, depending on the contents of the ADC0 Less-Than and ADC0 Greater-Than registers. The Window Detector registers must be written with the same format (left/right justified, signed/unsigned) as that of the current ADC configuration (left/right justified, single-ended/differential). SFR Definition 5.7. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xC4 Bits7–0: High byte of ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word. SFR Definition 5.8. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xC3 Bits7–0: Low byte of ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word. 50 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 5.9. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xC6 Bits7–0: High byte of ADC0 Less-Than Data Word. SFR Definition 5.10. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xC5 Bits7–0: Low byte of ADC0 Less-Than Data Word. Rev. 1.4 51

C8051F320/1 5.4.1. Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode Figure 5.6 shows two example window comparisons for right-justified, single-ended data, with ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL = 0x0080 (128d) and ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL = 0x0040 (64d). In single-ended mode, the input voltage can range from ‘0’ to VREF * (1023/1024) with respect to GND, and is represented by a 10-bit unsigned integer value. In the left example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word (ADC0H:ADC0L) is within the range defined by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL (if 0x0040 < ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0080). In the right example, and AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word is outside of the range defined by the ADC0GT and ADC0LT registers (if ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0040 or ADC0H:ADC0L > 0x0080). Figure 5.7 shows an exam- ple using left-justified data with equivalent ADC0GT and ADC0LT register settings. ADC0H:ADC0L ADC0H:ADC0L Input Voltage Input Voltage (Px.x - GND) (Px.x - GND) VREF x (1023/1024) 0x03FF VREF x (1023/1024) 0x03FF AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x0081 0x0081 VREF x (128/1024) 0x0080 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL VREF x (128/1024) 0x0080 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL 0x007F 0x007F AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x0041 0x0041 VREF x (64/1024) 0x0040 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL VREF x (64/1024) 0x0040 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL 0x003F 0x003F AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0 0x0000 0 0x0000 Figure 5.6. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Single-Ended Data ADC0H:ADC0L ADC0H:ADC0L Input Voltage Input Voltage (Px.x - GND) (Px.x - GND) VREF x (1023/1024) 0xFFC0 VREF x (1023/1024) 0xFFC0 AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x2040 0x2040 VREF x (128/1024) 0x2000 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL VREF x (128/1024) 0x2000 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL 0x1FC0 0x1FC0 AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x1040 0x1040 VREF x (64/1024) 0x1000 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL VREF x (64/1024) 0x1000 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL 0x0FC0 0x0FC0 AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0 0x0000 0 0x0000 Figure 5.7. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Single-Ended Data 52 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 5.4.2. Window Detector In Differential Mode Figure 5.8 shows two example window comparisons for right-justified, differential data, with ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL = 0x0040 (+64d) and ADC0GTH:ADC0GTH = 0xFFFF (-1d). In differential mode, the measurable voltage between the input pins is between -VREF and VREF*(511/512). Output codes are rep- resented as 10-bit 2’s complement signed integers. In the left example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be gen- erated if the ADC0 conversion word (ADC0H:ADC0L) is within the range defined by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL (if 0xFFFF (-1d) < ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0040 (64d)). In the right example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word is outside of the range defined by the ADC0GT and ADC0LT registers (if ADC0H:ADC0L < 0xFFFF (-1d) or ADC0H:ADC0L > 0x0040 (+64d)). Figure 5.9 shows an example using left-justified data with equivalent ADC0GT and ADC0LT register set- tings. ADC0H:ADC0L ADC0H:ADC0L Input Voltage Input Voltage (Px.x - Px.x) (Px.x - Px.x) VREF x (511/512) 0x01FF VREF x (511/512) 0x01FF AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x0041 0x0041 VREF x (64/512) 0x0040 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL VREF x (64/512) 0x0040 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL 0x003F 0x003F AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x0000 0x0000 VREF x (-1/512) 0xFFFF ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL VREF x (-1/512) 0xFFFF ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL 0xFFFE 0xFFFE AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected -VREF 0x0200 -VREF 0x0200 Figure 5.8. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Differential Data ADC0H:ADC0L ADC0H:ADC0L Input Voltage Input Voltage (Px.x - Px.x) (Px.x - Px.y) VREF x (511/512) 0x7FC0 VREF x (511/512) 0x7FC0 AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x1040 0x1040 VREF x (64/512) 0x1000 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL VREF x (64/512) 0x1000 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL 0x0FC0 0x0FC0 AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected 0x0000 0x0000 VREF x (-1/512) 0xFFC0 ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL VREF x (-1/512) 0xFFC0 ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL 0xFF80 0xFF80 AD0WINT AD0WINT=1 not affected -VREF 0x8000 -VREF 0x8000 Figure 5.9. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Differential Data Rev. 1.4 53

C8051F320/1 Table 5.1. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics V = 3.0 V, VREF = 2.40 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. DD Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units DC Accuracy Resolution 10 bits Integral Nonlinearity — ±0.5 ±1 LSB Differential Nonlinearity Guaranteed Monotonic — ±0.5 ±1 LSB Offset Error –15 0 15 LSB Full Scale Error –15 –1 15 LSB Offset Temperature Coefficient — 10 — ppm/°C Dynamic Performance (10 kHz sine-wave Single-ended input, 1 dB below Full Scale, 200 ksps) Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion 53 55.5 — dB Total Harmonic Distortion Up to the 5th harmonic — –67 — dB Spurious-Free Dynamic Range — 78 — dB Conversion Rate SAR Conversion Clock — — 3 MHz Conversion Time in SAR Clocks 10 — — clocks Track/Hold Acquisition Time 300 — — ns Throughput Rate — — 200 ksps Analog Inputs ADC Input Voltage Range Single Ended (AIN+ – GND) 0 — VREF V Differential (AIN+ – AIN–) –VREF VREF V Absolute Pin Voltage with respect Single Ended or Differential 0 — VDD V to GND Input Capacitance — 5 — pF Temperature Sensor — — — Linearity1 — ±0.1 — °C Gain2 — 2.86 — mV/°C Offset1,2 (Temp = 0 °C) — 0.776 — mV ±8.5 Power Specifications Power Supply Current Operating Mode, 200 ksps — 400 900 µA (V supplied to ADC0) DD Power Supply Rejection — ±0.3 mV/V Notes: 1. Includes ADC offset, gain, and linearity variations. 2. Represents one standard deviation from the mean. 54 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 6. Voltage Reference The Voltage reference MUX on C8051F320/1 devices is configurable to use an externally connected volt- age reference, the internal reference voltage generator, or the power supply voltage VDD (see Figure 6.1). The REFSL bit in the Reference Control register (REF0CN) selects the reference source. For the internal reference or an external source, REFSL should be set to ‘0’; For VDD as the reference source, REFSL should be set to ‘1’. The BIASE bit enables the internal ADC bias generator, which is used by the ADC and Internal Oscillator. This enable is forced to logic 1 when either of the aforementioned peripherals is enabled. The ADC bias generator may be enabled manually by writing a ‘1’ to the BIASE bit in register REF0CN; see Figure 6.1 for REF0CN register details. The Reference bias generator (see Figure 6.1) is used by the Internal Voltage Reference, Temperature Sensor, and Clock Multiplier. The Reference bias is automatically enabled when any of the aforementioned peripherals are enabled. The electrical specifications for the voltage reference and bias circuits are given in Table 6.1. Important Note About the VREF Input: Port pin P0.7 is used as the external VREF input. When using an external voltage reference, P0.7 should be configured as analog input and skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure P0.7 as analog input, set to ‘0’ Bit7 in register P0MDIN. To configure the Crossbar to skip P0.7, set to ‘1’ Bit7 in register P0SKIP. Refer to Section “14. Port Input/Output” on page 126 for complete Port I/O configuration details. The temperature sensor connects to the ADC0 positive input multiplexer (see Section “5.1. Analog Multi- plexer” on page 40 for details). The TEMPE bit in register REF0CN enables/disables the temperature sen- sor. While disabled, the temperature sensor defaults to a high impedance state and any ADC0 measurements performed on the sensor result in meaningless data. REF0CN REFSLTEMPEBIASEREFBE AD0EN EN ADC Bias To ADC, Internal Oscillator IOSCEN VDD External Voltage EN Reference Temp Sensor To Analog Mux R1 Circuit VREF 0 VREF (to ADC) GND VDD 1 CLKMUL Enable EN Reference To Clock Multiplier, TEMPE Bias Temp Sensor REFBE EN Internal Reference Figure 6.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 55

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 6.1. REF0CN: Reference Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - REFSL TEMPE BIASE REFBE 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xD1 Bits7–3: UNUSED. Read = 00000b; Write = don’t care. Bit3: REFSL: Voltage Reference Select. This bit selects the source for the internal voltage reference. 0: VREF pin used as voltage reference. 1: VDD used as voltage reference. Bit2: TEMPE: Temperature Sensor Enable Bit. 0: Internal Temperature Sensor off. 1: Internal Temperature Sensor on. Bit1: BIASE: Internal Analog Bias Generator Enable Bit. 0: Internal Bias Generator off. 1: Internal Bias Generator on. Bit0: REFBE: Internal Reference Buffer Enable Bit. 0: Internal Reference Buffer disabled. 1: Internal Reference Buffer enabled. Internal voltage reference driven on the VREF pin. Table 6.1. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics V = 3.0 V; –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. DD Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Internal Reference (REFBE = 1) Output Voltage 25 °C ambient 2.38 2.44 2.50 V VREF Short-Circuit Current 10 mA VREF Temperature Coeffi- 15 ppm/°C cient Load Regulation Load = 0 to 200 µA to GND 1.5 ppm/µA VREF Turn-on Time 1 4.7 µF tantalum, 0.1 µF ceramic bypass 2 ms VREF Turn-on Time 2 0.1 µF ceramic bypass 20 µs VREF Turn-on Time 3 no bypass cap 10 µs Power Supply Rejection 140 ppm/V External Reference (REFBE = 0) Input Voltage Range 0 VDD V Input Current Sample Rate = 200 ksps; VREF = 3.0 V 12 µA Bias Generators ADC Bias Generator BIASE = ‘1’ 106 148 µA Reference Bias Generator 42 60 µA 56 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 7. Comparators C8051F320/1 devices include two on-chip programmable voltage Comparators: Comparator0 is shown in Figure 7.1; Comparator1 is shown in Figure 7.2. The two Comparators operate identically with the follow- ing exceptions: (1) Their input selections differ as shown in Figure 7.1 and Figure 7.2; (2) Comparator0 can be used as a reset source. Each Comparator offers programmable response time and hysteresis, an analog input multiplexer, and two outputs that are optionally available at the Port pins: a synchronous “latched” output (CP0, CP1), or an asynchronous “raw” output (CP0A, CP1A). The asynchronous signal is available even when the system clock is not active. This allows the Comparators to operate and generate an output with the device in STOP mode. When assigned to a Port pin, the Comparator outputs may be configured as open drain or push-pull (see Section “14.2. Port I/O Initialization” on page 130). Comparator0 may also be used as a reset source (see Section “10.5. Comparator0 Reset” on page 102). The Comparator0 inputs are selected in the CPT0MX register (Figure 7.2). The CMX0P1–CMX0P0 bits select the Comparator0 positive input; the CMX0N1–CMX0N0 bits select the Comparator0 negative input. The Comparator1 inputs are selected in the CPT1MX register (Figure 7.5). The CMX1P1–CMX1P0 bits select the Comparator1 positive input; the CMX1N1–CMX1N0 bits select the Comparator1 negative input. Important Note About Comparator Inputs: The Port pins selected as Comparator inputs should be con- figured as analog inputs in their associated Port configuration register, and configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (for details on Port configuration, see Section “14.3. General Purpose Port I/O” on page 132). CP0EN CP0OUT N CP0RIF VDD C CP0FIF 0 PT CP0HYP1 X CMX0N1 C CP0HYP0 CP0 0M CMX0N0 CP0HYN1 Interrupt T P CP0HYN0 C CMX0P1 CMX0P0 P1.0 CP0 CP0 Rising-edge Falling-edge P1.4 P2.0 CP0 + Interrupt CP0RIE Logic CP0FIE P2.4 + CP0 DSETQ DSETQ - CLRQ CLRQ P1.1 Crossbar (SYNCHRONIZER) P1.5 CP0 - GND CP0A P2.1 Reset Decision P2.5 Tree D CP0RIE Note: P2.4 and P2.5 available M CP0FIE 0 only on C8051F320 T P C CP0MD1 CP0MD0 Figure 7.1. Comparator0 Functional Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 57

C8051F320/1 Comparator outputs can be polled in software, used as an interrupt source, and/or routed to a Port pin. When routed to a Port pin, Comparator outputs are available asynchronous or synchronous to the system clock; the asynchronous output is available even in STOP mode (with no system clock active). When dis- abled, the Comparator output (if assigned to a Port I/O pin via the Crossbar) defaults to the logic low state, and supply current falls to less than 100 nA. See Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 128 for details on configuring Comparator outputs via the digital Crossbar. Comparator inputs can be externally driven from –0.25 V to (V ) + 0.25 V without damage or upset. The complete Comparator electrical spec- DD ifications are given in Table 7.1. Comparator response time may be configured in software via the CPTnMD registers (see Figure 7.3 and Figure 7.6). Selecting a longer response time reduces the Comparator supply current. See Table 7.1 for complete timing and supply current specifications. CP1EN CP1OUT N CP1RIF VDD C CP1FIF 1 T CP1HYP1 P X CMX1N1 C CP1HYP0 CP1 1M CMX1N0 CP1HYN1 Interrupt T P CP1HYN0 C CMX1P1 CMX1P0 P1.2 CP1 CP1 Rising-edge Falling-edge P1.6 P2.2 CP1 + Interrupt CP1RIE Logic CP1FIE P2.6 CP1 + DSETQ DSETQ - CLRQ CLRQ P1.3 Crossbar (SYNCHRONIZER) P1.7 CP1 - GND CP1A P2.3 P2.7 D CP1RIE Note: P2.6 and P2.7 available M CP1FIE 1 only on C8051F320 T P C CP1MD1 CP1MD0 Figure 7.2. Comparator1 Functional Block Diagram 58 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 CP0+ VIN+ + CP0 OUT VIN- CP0- _ CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION Positive Hysteresis Voltage (Programmed with CP0HYP Bits) VIN- INPUTS Negative Hysteresis Voltage (Programmed by CP0HYN Bits) VIN+ VOH OUTPUT VOL Negative Hysteresis Maximum Disabled Negative Hysteresis Positive Hysteresis Maximum Disabled Positive Hysteresis Figure 7.3. Comparator Hysteresis Plot Comparator hysteresis is programmed using Bits3–0 in the Comparator Control Register CPTnCN (shown in Figure 7.1 and Figure 7.4). The amount of negative hysteresis voltage is determined by the settings of the CPnHYN bits. As shown in Figure 7.3, settings of 20, 10 or 5 mV of negative hysteresis can be programmed, or negative hysteresis can be disabled. In a similar way, the amount of positive hysteresis is determined by the setting the CPnHYP bits. Comparator interrupts can be generated on both rising-edge and falling-edge output transitions. (For Inter- rupt enable and priority control, see Section “9.3. Interrupt Handler” on page 87.) The CPnFIF flag is set to ‘1’ upon a Comparator falling-edge, and the CPnRIF flag is set to ‘1’ upon the Comparator rising-edge. Once set, these bits remain set until cleared by software. The output state of the Comparator can be obtained at any time by reading the CPnOUT bit. The Comparator is enabled by setting the CPnEN bit to ‘1’, and is disabled by clearing this bit to ‘0’. Rev. 1.4 59

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 7.1. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value CP0EN CP0OUT CP0RIF CP0FIF CP0HYP1 CP0HYP0 CP0HYN1 CP0HYN0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x9B Bit7: CP0EN: Comparator0 Enable Bit. 0: Comparator0 Disabled. 1: Comparator0 Enabled. Bit6: CP0OUT: Comparator0 Output State Flag. 0: Voltage on CP0+ < CP0–. 1: Voltage on CP0+ > CP0–. Bit5: CP0RIF: Comparator0 Rising-Edge Flag. 0: No Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared. 1: Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred. Bit4: CP0FIF: Comparator0 Falling-Edge Flag. 0: No Comparator0 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared. 1: Comparator0 Falling-Edge Interrupt has occurred. Bits3–2: CP0HYP1–0: Comparator0 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits. 00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled. 01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV. 10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV. 11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV. Bits1–0: CP0HYN1–0: Comparator0 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits. 00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled. 01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV. 10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV. 11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV. 60 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 7.2. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - CMX0N1 CMX0N0 - - CMX0P1 CMX0P0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x9F Bits7–6: UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care. Bits5–4: CMX0N1–CMX0N0: Comparator0 Negative Input MUX Select. These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator0 negative input. CMX0N1 CMX0N0 Negative Input 0 0 P1.1 0 1 P1.5 1 0 P2.1 1 1 P2.5* Bits3–2: UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: CMX0P1–CMX0P0: Comparator0 Positive Input MUX Select. These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator0 positive input. CMX0P1 CMX0P0 Positive Input 0 0 P1.0 0 1 P1.4 1 0 P2.0 1 1 P2.4* *Note: P2.4 and P2.5 available only on C8051F320 devices; selection reserved on C8051F321 devices. Rev. 1.4 61

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 7.3. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - CP0RIE CP0FIE - - CP0MD1 CP0MD0 00000010 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x9D Bits7–6: UNUSED. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care. Bit5: CP0RIE: Comparator0 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable. 0: Comparator0 rising-edge interrupt disabled. 1: Comparator0 rising-edge interrupt enabled. Bit4: CP0FIE: Comparator0 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable. 0: Comparator0 falling-edge interrupt disabled. 1: Comparator0 falling-edge interrupt enabled. Bits3–2: UNUSED. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: CP0MD1–CP0MD0: Comparator0 Mode Select These bits select the response time for Comparator0. Mode CP0MD1 CP0MD0 CP0 Response Time (TYP) 0 0 0 100 ns 1 0 1 175 ns 2 1 0 320 ns 3 1 1 1050 ns 62 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 7.4. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value CP1EN CP1OUT CP1RIF CP1FIF CP1HYP1 CP1HYP0 CP1HYN1 CP1HYN0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x9A Bit7: CP1EN: Comparator1 Enable Bit. 0: Comparator1 Disabled. 1: Comparator1 Enabled. Bit6: CP1OUT: Comparator1 Output State Flag. 0: Voltage on CP1+ < CP1–. 1: Voltage on CP1+ > CP1–. Bit5: CP1RIF: Comparator1 Rising-Edge Flag. 0: No Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared. 1: Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred. Bit4: CP1FIF: Comparator1 Falling-Edge Flag. 0: No Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared. 1: Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred. Bits3–2: CP1HYP1–0: Comparator1 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits. 00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled. 01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV. 10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV. 11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV. Bits1–0: CP1HYN1–0: Comparator1 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits. 00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled. 01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV. 10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV. 11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV. Rev. 1.4 63

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 7.5. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - CMX1N1 CMX1N0 - - CMX1P1 CMX1P0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x9E Bits7–6: UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care. Bits5–4: CMX1N1–CMX1N0: Comparator1 Negative Input MUX Select. These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator1 negative input. CMX1N1 CMX1N0 Negative Input 0 0 P1.3 0 1 P1.7 1 0 P2.3 1 1 P2.7* Bits3–2: UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: CMX1P1–CMX1P0: Comparator1 Positive Input MUX Select. These bits select which Port pin is used as the Comparator1 positive input. CMX1P1 CMX1P0 Positive Input 0 0 P1.2 0 1 P1.6 1 0 P2.2 1 1 P2.6* *Note: P2.6 and P2.7 available only on C8051F320 devices; selection reserved on C8051F321 devices. 64 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 7.6. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - CP1RIE CP1FIE - - CP1MD1 CP1MD0 00000010 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x9C Bits7–6: UNUSED. Read = 00b, Write = don’t care. Bit5: CP1RIE: Comparator1 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable. 0: Comparator1 rising-edge interrupt disabled. 1: Comparator1 rising-edge interrupt enabled. Bit4: CP1FIE: Comparator1 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable. 0: Comparator1 falling-edge interrupt disabled. 1: Comparator1 falling-edge interrupt enabled. Bits3–2: UNUSED. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: CP1MD1–CP1MD0: Comparator1 Mode Select. These bits select the response time for Comparator1. Mode CP1MD1 CP1MD0 CP1 Response Time (TYP) 0 0 0 100 ns 1 0 1 175 ns 2 1 0 320 ns 3 1 1 1050 ns Rev. 1.4 65

C8051F320/1 Table 7.1. Comparator Electrical Characteristics V = 3.0 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise noted. All specifications apply to both Comparator0 and Comparator1 DD unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Response Time: CP0+ – CP0– = 100 mV — 100 — ns Mode 0, Vcm* = 1.5 V CP0+ – CP0– = –100 mV — 250 — ns Response Time: CP0+ – CP0– = 100 mV — 175 — ns Mode 1, Vcm* = 1.5 V CP0+ – CP0– = –100 mV — 500 — ns Response Time: CP0+ – CP0– = 100 mV — 320 — ns Mode 2, Vcm* = 1.5 V CP0+ – CP0– = –100 mV — 1100 — ns Response Time: CP0+ – CP0– = 100 mV — 1050 — ns Mode 3, Vcm* = 1.5 V CP0+ – CP0– = –100 mV — 5200 — ns Common-Mode Rejection Ratio — 1.5 4 mV/V Positive Hysteresis 1 CP0HYP1–0 = 00 — 0 1 mV Positive Hysteresis 2 CP0HYP1–0 = 01 2 5 10 mV Positive Hysteresis 3 CP0HYP1–0 = 10 7 10 20 mV Positive Hysteresis 4 CP0HYP1–0 = 11 15 20 30 mV Negative Hysteresis 1 CP0HYN1–0 = 00 0 1 mV Negative Hysteresis 2 CP0HYN1–0 = 01 2 5 10 mV Negative Hysteresis 3 CP0HYN1–0 = 10 7 10 20 mV Negative Hysteresis 4 CP0HYN1–0 = 11 15 20 30 mV Inverting or Non-Inverting Input –0.25 VDD + 0.25 V Voltage Range Input Capacitance — 3 — pF Input Bias Current — 0.001 — nA Input Offset Voltage –5 — +5 mV Power Supply Power Supply Rejection — 0.1 — mV/V Power-up Time — 10 — µs Mode 0 — 7.6 20 µA Mode 1 — 3.2 10 µA Mode 2 — 1.3 5 µA Supply Current at DC Mode 3 — 0.4 2.5 µA *Note: Vcm is the common-mode voltage on CP0+ and CP0-. 66 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 8. Voltage Regulator (REG0) C8051F320/1 devices include a 5-to-3 V voltage regulator (REG0). When enabled, the REG0 output appears on the VDD pin and can be used to power external devices. REG0 can be enabled/disabled by software using bit REGEN in register REG0CN. See Table 8.1 for REG0 electrical characteristics. Note that the VBUS signal must be connected to the VBUS pin when using the device in a USB network. The VBUS signal should only be connected to the REGIN pin when operating the device as a bus-powered function. REG0 configuration options are shown in Figure 8.2–Figure 8.5. The input (VREGIN) and output (VDD) of the voltage regulator should both be protected by adding decou- pling and bypass capacitors on each pin to ground. Suggested values for the two capacitors are 4.7 µF + 0.1 µF. These capacitors will increase noise immunity and stabilize the voltage supply. REG0 V REGIN 4.7 µF 0.1 µF V V DD DD 4.7 µF 0.1 µF Figure 8.1. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output 8.1. Regulator Mode Selection REG0 offers a low power mode intended for use when the device is in suspend mode. In this low power mode, the REG0 output remains as specified; however the REG0 dynamic performance (response time) is degraded. See Table 8.1 for normal and low power mode supply current specifications. The REG0 mode selection is controlled via the REGMOD bit in register REG0CN. 8.2. VBUS Detection When the USB Function Controller is used (see section Section “15. Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB)” on page 139), the VBUS signal should be connected to the VBUS pin. The VBSTAT bit (register REG0CN) indicates the current logic level of the VBUS signal. If enabled, a VBUS interrupt will be gener- ated when the VBUS signal matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN. The VBUS interrupt is level-sensitive, and has no associated interrupt pending flag. The VBUS interrupt will be active as long as the VBUS signal matches the polarity selected by VBPOL. See Table 8.1 for VBUS input parameters. Rev. 1.4 67

C8051F320/1 Important Note: When USB is selected as a reset source, a system reset will be generated when the VBUS signal matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit. See Section “10. Reset Sources” on page 99 for details on selecting USB as a reset source. Table 8.1. Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Input Voltage Range1 2.7 — 5.25 V Output Voltage (V )2 Output Current = 1 to 100 mA 3.0 3.3 3.6 V DD Output Current2 — — 100 mA VBUS Detection Input Low Voltage — — 1.0 V VBUS Detection Input High Voltage 3.0 — — V Normal Mode (REGMOD = 0) 65 111 Bias Current — µA Low Power Mode (REGMOD = 1) 35 61 Dropout Voltage (V )3 — 1 — mV/mA DO Notes: 1. Input range specified for regulation. When an external regulator is used, REGIN should be tied to V . DD 2. Output current is total regulator output, including any current required by the C8051F320/1. 3. The minimum input voltage is 2.70 V or VDD + V (max load), whichever is greater. DO C8051F320/1 VBUS From VBUS VBUS Sense REGIN 5V In Voltage Regulator (REG0) 3V Out To 3V VDD Device Power Net Power Net Figure 8.2. REG0 Configuration: USB Bus-Powered 68 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 C8051F320/1 VBUS From VBUS VBUS Sense From 5V REGIN 5V In Voltage Regulator (REG0) Power Net 3V Out To 3V VDD Device Power Net Power Net Figure 8.3. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered C8051F320/1 VBUS From VBUS VBUS Sense REGIN 5V In Voltage Regulator (REG0) 3V Out From 3V VDD Device Power Net Power Net Figure 8.4. REG0 Configuration: USB Self-Powered, Regulator Disabled Rev. 1.4 69

C8051F320/1 C8051F320/1 VBUS VBUS Sense From 5V REGIN 5V In Voltage Regulator (REG0) Power Net 3V Out To 3V VDD Device Power Net Power Net Figure 8.5. REG0 Configuration: No USB Connection SFR Definition 8.1. REG0CN: Voltage Regulator Control R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value REGDIS VBSTAT VBPOL REGMOD Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xC9 Bit7: REGDIS: Voltage Regulator Disable. 0: Voltage Regulator Enabled. 1: Voltage Regulator Disabled. Bit6: VBSTAT: VBUS Signal Status. 0: VBUS signal currently absent (device not attached to USB network). 1: VBUS signal currently present (device attached to USB network). Bit5: VBPOL: VBUS Interrupt Polarity Select. This bit selects the VBUS interrupt polarity. 0: VBUS interrupt active when VBUS is low. 1: VBUS interrupt active when VBUS is high. Bit4: REGMOD: Voltage Regulator Mode Select. This bit selects the Voltage Regulator mode. When REGMOD is set to ‘1’, the voltage regu- lator operates in low power (suspend) mode. 0: USB0 Voltage Regulator in normal mode. 1: USB0 Voltage Regulator in low power mode. Bits3–0: Reserved. Read = 0000b. Must Write = 0000b. 70 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9. CIP-51 Microcontroller The MCU system controller core is the CIP-51 microcontroller. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the MCS-51™ instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop soft- ware. The MCU family has a superset of all the peripherals included with a standard 8051. Included are four 16-bit counter/timers (see description in Section 19), an enhanced full-duplex UART (see description in Section 17), an Enhanced SPI (see description in Section 18), 256 bytes of internal RAM, 128 byte Spe- cial Function Register (SFR) address space (Section 9.2.6), and 25 Port I/O (see description in Section 14). The CIP-51 also includes on-chip debug hardware (see description in Section 21), and interfaces directly with the analog and digital subsystems providing a complete data acquisition or control-system solution in a single integrated circuit. The CIP-51 Microcontroller core implements the standard 8051 organization and peripherals as well as additional custom peripherals and functions to extend its capability (see Figure 9.1 for a block diagram). The CIP-51 includes the following features: - Fully Compatible with MCS-51 Instruction - 25 Port I/O ('F320) / 21 Port I/O ('F321) Set - Extended Interrupt Handler - 25 MIPS Peak Throughput with 25 MHz - Reset Input Clock - Power Management Modes - 0 to 25 MHz Clock Frequency - On-chip Debug Logic - 256 Bytes of Internal RAM - Program and Data Memory Security DATA BUS D8 D8 D8 ACCUMULATOR D8 D8 B REGISTER STACK POINTER S U B TMP1 TMP2 A T A SRAM D PSW ADDRESS SRAM ALU REGISTER (256 X 8) D8 D8 D8 D8 DATA BUS SFR_ADDRESS BUFFER D8 SFR_CONTROL SFR DATA POINTER D8 D8 INTEBRUFSACE SFR_WRITE_DATA SFR_READ_DATA PC INCREMENTER PROGRAM COUNTER (PC) US D8 MEM_ADDRESS B PRGM. ADDRESS REG. ATA A16 INMTEEMROFARCYE MEMM_EWMR_CITOEN_TDRAOTAL D MEM_READ_DATA PIPELINE D8 RESET CONTROL LOGIC SYSTEM_IRQs CLOCK INTERRUPT INTERFACE EMULATION_IRQ STOP D8 POWER CONTROL IDLE REGISTER D8 Figure 9.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 71

C8051F320/1 Performance The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the stan- dard 8051 architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system clock cycles to execute, and usually have a maximum system clock of 12 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51 core executes 70% of its instructions in one or two system clock cycles, with no instructions taking more than eight system clock cycles. With the CIP-51's maximum system clock at 25 MHz, it has a peak throughput of 25 MIPS. The CIP-51 has a total of 109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that for execution time. Clocks to Execute 1 2 2/3 3 3/4 4 4/5 5 8 Number of Instructions 26 50 5 14 7 3 1 2 1 Programming and Debugging Support In-system programming of the Flash program memory and communication with on-chip debug support logic is accomplished via the Silicon Labs 2-Wire Development Interface (C2). Note that the re-program- mable Flash can also be read and changed a single byte at a time by the application software using the MOVC and MOVX instructions. This feature allows program memory to be used for non-volatile data stor- age as well as updating program code under software control. The on-chip debug support logic facilitates full speed in-circuit debugging, allowing the setting of hardware breakpoints, starting, stopping and single stepping through program execution (including interrupt service routines), examination of the program's call stack, and reading/writing the contents of registers and mem- ory. This method of on-chip debugging is completely non-intrusive, requiring no RAM, Stack, timers, or other on-chip resources. C2 details can be found in Section “21. C2 Interface” on page 245. The CIP-51 is supported by development tools from Silicon Labs and third party vendors. Silicon Labs pro- vides an integrated development environment (IDE) including editor, macro assembler, debugger and pro- grammer. The IDE's debugger and programmer interface to the CIP-51 via the C2 interface to provide fast and efficient in-system device programming and debugging. Third party macro assemblers and C compil- ers are also available. 9.1. Instruction Set The instruction set of the CIP-51 System Controller is fully compatible with the standard MCS-51™ instruc- tion set. Standard 8051 development tools can be used to develop software for the CIP-51. All CIP-51 instructions are the binary and functional equivalent of their MCS-51™ counterparts, including opcodes, addressing modes and effect on PSW flags. However, instruction timing is different than that of the stan- dard 8051. 9.1.1. Instruction and CPU Timing In many 8051 implementations, a distinction is made between machine cycles and clock cycles, with machine cycles varying from 2 to 12 clock cycles in length. However, the CIP-51 implementation is based solely on clock cycle timing. All instruction timings are specified in terms of clock cycles. Due to the pipelined architecture of the CIP-51, most instructions execute in the same number of clock cycles as there are program bytes in the instruction. Conditional branch instructions take one less clock cycle to complete when the branch is not taken as opposed to when the branch is taken. Table 9.1 is the CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary, which includes the mnemonic, number of bytes, and number of clock cycles for each instruction. 72 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9.1.2. MOVX Instruction and Program Memory The MOVX instruction is typically used to access external data memory (Note: the C8051F320/1 does not support off-chip data or program memory). In the CIP-51, the MOVX write instruction is used to accesses external RAM (XRAM) and the on-chip program memory space implemented as re-programmable Flash memory. The Flash access feature provides a mechanism for the CIP-51 to update program code and use the program memory space for non-volatile data storage. Refer to Section “11. Flash Memory” on page 106 for further details. Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary Clock Mnemonic Description Bytes Cycles Arithmetic Operations ADD A, Rn Add register to A 1 1 ADD A, direct Add direct byte to A 2 2 ADD A, @Ri Add indirect RAM to A 1 2 ADD A, #data Add immediate to A 2 2 ADDC A, Rn Add register to A with carry 1 1 ADDC A, direct Add direct byte to A with carry 2 2 ADDC A, @Ri Add indirect RAM to A with carry 1 2 ADDC A, #data Add immediate to A with carry 2 2 SUBB A, Rn Subtract register from A with borrow 1 1 SUBB A, direct Subtract direct byte from A with borrow 2 2 SUBB A, @Ri Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow 1 2 SUBB A, #data Subtract immediate from A with borrow 2 2 INC A Increment A 1 1 INC Rn Increment register 1 1 INC direct Increment direct byte 2 2 INC @Ri Increment indirect RAM 1 2 DEC A Decrement A 1 1 DEC Rn Decrement register 1 1 DEC direct Decrement direct byte 2 2 DEC @Ri Decrement indirect RAM 1 2 INC DPTR Increment Data Pointer 1 1 MUL AB Multiply A and B 1 4 DIV AB Divide A by B 1 8 DA A Decimal adjust A 1 1 Logical Operations ANL A, Rn AND Register to A 1 1 ANL A, direct AND direct byte to A 2 2 ANL A, @Ri AND indirect RAM to A 1 2 ANL A, #data AND immediate to A 2 2 ANL direct, A AND A to direct byte 2 2 ANL direct, #data AND immediate to direct byte 3 3 ORL A, Rn OR Register to A 1 1 ORL A, direct OR direct byte to A 2 2 ORL A, @Ri OR indirect RAM to A 1 2 ORL A, #data OR immediate to A 2 2 Rev. 1.4 73

C8051F320/1 Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Clock Mnemonic Description Bytes Cycles ORL direct, A OR A to direct byte 2 2 ORL direct, #data OR immediate to direct byte 3 3 XRL A, Rn Exclusive-OR Register to A 1 1 XRL A, direct Exclusive-OR direct byte to A 2 2 XRL A, @Ri Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A 1 2 XRL A, #data Exclusive-OR immediate to A 2 2 XRL direct, A Exclusive-OR A to direct byte 2 2 XRL direct, #data Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte 3 3 CLR A Clear A 1 1 CPL A Complement A 1 1 RL A Rotate A left 1 1 RLC A Rotate A left through Carry 1 1 RR A Rotate A right 1 1 RRC A Rotate A right through Carry 1 1 SWAP A Swap nibbles of A 1 1 Data Transfer MOV A, Rn Move Register to A 1 1 MOV A, direct Move direct byte to A 2 2 MOV A, @Ri Move indirect RAM to A 1 2 MOV A, #data Move immediate to A 2 2 MOV Rn, A Move A to Register 1 1 MOV Rn, direct Move direct byte to Register 2 2 MOV Rn, #data Move immediate to Register 2 2 MOV direct, A Move A to direct byte 2 2 MOV direct, Rn Move Register to direct byte 2 2 MOV direct, direct Move direct byte to direct byte 3 3 MOV direct, @Ri Move indirect RAM to direct byte 2 2 MOV direct, #data Move immediate to direct byte 3 3 MOV @Ri, A Move A to indirect RAM 1 2 MOV @Ri, direct Move direct byte to indirect RAM 2 2 MOV @Ri, #data Move immediate to indirect RAM 2 2 MOV DPTR, #data16 Load DPTR with 16-bit constant 3 3 MOVC A, @A+DPTR Move code byte relative DPTR to A 1 3 MOVC A, @A+PC Move code byte relative PC to A 1 3 MOVX A, @Ri Move external data (8-bit address) to A 1 3 MOVX @Ri, A Move A to external data (8-bit address) 1 3 MOVX A, @DPTR Move external data (16-bit address) to A 1 3 MOVX @DPTR, A Move A to external data (16-bit address) 1 3 PUSH direct Push direct byte onto stack 2 2 POP direct Pop direct byte from stack 2 2 XCH A, Rn Exchange Register with A 1 1 XCH A, direct Exchange direct byte with A 2 2 XCH A, @Ri Exchange indirect RAM with A 1 2 XCHD A, @Ri Exchange low nibble of indirect RAM with A 1 2 74 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 9.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Continued) Clock Mnemonic Description Bytes Cycles Boolean Manipulation CLR C Clear Carry 1 1 CLR bit Clear direct bit 2 2 SETB C Set Carry 1 1 SETB bit Set direct bit 2 2 CPL C Complement Carry 1 1 CPL bit Complement direct bit 2 2 ANL C, bit AND direct bit to Carry 2 2 ANL C, /bit AND complement of direct bit to Carry 2 2 ORL C, bit OR direct bit to carry 2 2 ORL C, /bit OR complement of direct bit to Carry 2 2 MOV C, bit Move direct bit to Carry 2 2 MOV bit, C Move Carry to direct bit 2 2 JC rel Jump if Carry is set 2 2/3 JNC rel Jump if Carry is not set 2 2/3 JB bit, rel Jump if direct bit is set 3 3/4 JNB bit, rel Jump if direct bit is not set 3 3/4 JBC bit, rel Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit 3 3/4 Program Branching ACALL addr11 Absolute subroutine call 2 3 LCALL addr16 Long subroutine call 3 4 RET Return from subroutine 1 5 RETI Return from interrupt 1 5 AJMP addr11 Absolute jump 2 3 LJMP addr16 Long jump 3 4 SJMP rel Short jump (relative address) 2 3 JMP @A+DPTR Jump indirect relative to DPTR 1 3 JZ rel Jump if A equals zero 2 2/3 JNZ rel Jump if A does not equal zero 2 2/3 CJNE A, direct, rel Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal 3 3/4 CJNE A, #data, rel Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal 3 3/4 Compare immediate to Register and jump if not CJNE Rn, #data, rel 3 3/4 equal Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not CJNE @Ri, #data, rel 3 4/5 equal DJNZ Rn, rel Decrement Register and jump if not zero 2 2/3 DJNZ direct, rel Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero 3 3/4 NOP No operation 1 1 Rev. 1.4 75

C8051F320/1 Notes on Registers, Operands and Addressing Modes: Rn - Register R0-R7 of the currently selected register bank. @Ri - Data RAM location addressed indirectly through R0 or R1. rel - 8-bit, signed (two’s complement) offset relative to the first byte of the following instruction. Used by SJMP and all conditional jumps. direct - 8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be a direct-access Data RAM location (0x00- 0x7F) or an SFR (0x80-0xFF). #data - 8-bit constant #data16 - 16-bit constant bit - Direct-accessed bit in Data RAM or SFR addr11 - 11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP. The destination must be within the same 2 kB page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction. addr16 - 16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP. The destination may be anywhere within the 16 kB program memory space. There is one unused opcode (0xA5) that performs the same function as NOP. All mnemonics copyrighted © Intel Corporation 1980. 76 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9.2. Memory Organization The memory organization of the CIP-51 System Controller is similar to that of a standard 8051. There are two separate memory spaces: program memory and data memory. Program and data memory share the same address space but are accessed via different instruction types. The CIP-51 memory organization is shown in Figure 9.2. PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY DATA MEMORY (RAM) (Flash) INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE 0xFF Upper 128 RAM Special Function RESERVED 0x3E00 (Indirect Addressing Register's 0x3DFF 0x80 Only) (Direct Addressing Only) 0x7F (Direct and Indirect Addressing) Lower 128 RAM 16 K Flash 0x30 (Direct and Indirect 0x2F Addressing) (In-System Bit Addressable 0x20 Programmable in 512 0x1F General Purpose Byte Sectors) 0x00 Registers EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE 0x0000 0xFFFF Same 2048 bytes as from 0x0000 to 0x07FF, wrapped on 2 kB boundaries 0x0800 0x07FF USB FIFOs 1024 Bytes 0x0400 0x03FF XRAM - 1024 Bytes (accessable using MOVX 0x0000 instruction) Figure 9.2. Memory Map 9.2.1. Program Memory The CIP-51 core has a 64k-byte program memory space. The C8051F320/1 implements 16k bytes of this program memory space as in-system, re-programmable Flash memory, organized in a contiguous block from addresses 0x0000 to 0x3FFF. Addresses above 0x3DFF are reserved. Program memory is normally assumed to be read-only. However, the CIP-51 can write to program memory by setting the Program Store Write Enable bit (PSCTL.0) and using the MOVX instruction. This feature pro- vides a mechanism for the CIP-51 to update program code and use the program memory space for non- volatile data storage. Refer to Section “11. Flash Memory” on page 106 for further details. Rev. 1.4 77

C8051F320/1 9.2.2. Data Memory The CIP-51 includes 256 of internal RAM mapped into the data memory space from 0x00 through 0xFF. The lower 128 bytes of data memory are used for general purpose registers and scratch pad memory. Either direct or indirect addressing may be used to access the lower 128 bytes of data memory. Locations 0x00 through 0x1F are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight byte-wide registers. The next 16 bytes, locations 0x20 through 0x2F, may either be addressed as bytes or as 128 bit locations accessible with the direct addressing mode. The upper 128 bytes of data memory are accessible only by indirect addressing. This region occupies the same address space as the Special Function Registers (SFR) but is physically separate from the SFR space. The addressing mode used by an instruction when accessing locations above 0x7F determines whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of data memory space or the SFRs. Instructions that use direct addressing will access the SFR space. Instructions using indirect addressing above 0x7F access the upper 128 bytes of data memory. Figure 9.2 illustrates the data memory organization of the CIP-51. 9.2.3. General Purpose Registers The lower 32 bytes of data memory, locations 0x00 through 0x1F, may be addressed as four banks of gen- eral-purpose registers. Each bank consists of eight byte-wide registers designated R0 through R7. Only one of these banks may be enabled at a time. Two bits in the program status word, RS0 (PSW.3) and RS1 (PSW.4), select the active register bank (see description of the PSW in Figure 9.4). This allows fast context switching when entering subroutines and interrupt service routines. Indirect addressing modes use regis- ters R0 and R1 as index registers. 9.2.4. Bit Addressable Locations In addition to direct access to data memory organized as bytes, the sixteen data memory locations at 0x20 through 0x2F are also accessible as 128 individually addressable bits. Each bit has a bit address from 0x00 to 0x7F. Bit 0 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x00 while bit7 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x07. Bit 7 of the byte at 0x2F has bit address 0x7F. A bit access is distinguished from a full byte access by the type of instruction used (bit source or destination operands as opposed to a byte source or destina- tion). The MCS-51™ assembly language allows an alternate notation for bit addressing of the form XX.B where XX is the byte address and B is the bit position within the byte. For example, the instruction: MOV C, 22h.3 moves the Boolean value at 0x13 (bit 3 of the byte at location 0x22) into the Carry flag. 9.2.5. Stack A programmer's stack can be located anywhere in the 256-byte data memory. The stack area is desig- nated using the Stack Pointer (SP, 0x81) SFR. The SP will point to the last location used. The next value pushed on the stack is placed at SP+1 and then SP is incremented. A reset initializes the stack pointer to location 0x07. Therefore, the first value pushed on the stack is placed at location 0x08, which is also the first register (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if more than one register bank is to be used, the SP should be initialized to a location in the data memory not being used for data storage. The stack depth can extend up to 256 bytes. 78 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9.2.6. Special Function Registers The direct-access data memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF constitute the special function registers (SFRs). The SFRs provide control and data exchange with the CIP-51's resources and peripherals. The CIP-51 duplicates the SFRs found in a typical 8051 implementation as well as implementing additional SFRs used to configure and access the sub-systems unique to the MCU. This allows the addition of new functionality while retaining compatibility with the MCS-51™ instruction set. Table 9.2 lists the SFRs imple- mented in the CIP-51 System Controller. The SFR registers are accessed anytime the direct addressing mode is used to access memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF. SFRs with addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 (e.g. P0, TCON, SCON0, IE, etc.) are bit- addressable as well as byte-addressable. All other SFRs are byte-addressable only. Unoccupied addresses in the SFR space are reserved for future use. Accessing these areas will have an indeterminate effect and should be avoided. Refer to the corresponding pages of the datasheet, as indicated in Table 9.3, for a detailed description of each register. Table 9.2. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map F8 SPI0CN PCA0L PCA0H PCA0CPL0 PCA0CPH0 PCA0CPL4 PCA0CPH4 VDM0CN F0 B P0MDIN P1MDIN P2MDIN P3MDIN EIP1 EIP2 E8 ADC0CN PCA0CPL1 PCA0CPH1 PCA0CPL2 PCA0CPH2 PCA0CPL3 PCA0CPH3 RSTSRC E0 ACC XBR0 XBR1 IT01CF EIE1 EIE2 PCA0CPM PCA0CPM PCA0CPM PCA0CPM PCA0CPM D8 PCA0CN PCA0MD 0 1 2 3 4 D0 PSW REF0CN P0SKIP P1SKIP P2SKIP USB0XCN C8 TMR2CN REG0CN TMR2RLL TMR2RLH TMR2L TMR2H C0 SMB0CN SMB0CF SMB0DAT ADC0GTL ADC0GTH ADC0LTL ADC0LTH B8 IP CLKMUL AMX0N AMX0P ADC0CF ADC0L ADC0H B0 P3 OSCXCN OSCICN OSCICL FLSCL FLKEY A8 IE CLKSEL EMI0CN A0 P2 SPI0CFG SPI0CKR SPI0DAT P0MDOUT P1MDOUT P2MDOUT P3MDOUT 98 SCON0 SBUF0 CPT1CN CPT0CN CPT1MD CPT0MD CPT1MX CPT0MX 90 P1 TMR3CN TMR3RLL TMR3RLH TMR3L TMR3H USB0ADR USB0DAT 88 TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 CKCON PSCTL 80 P0 SP DPL DPH PCON 0(8) 1(9) 2(A) 3(B) 4(C) 5(D) 6(E) 7(F) (bit addressable) Rev. 1.4 79

C8051F320/1 Table 9.3. Special Function Registers SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved. Register Address Description Page ACC 0xE0 Accumulator 86 ADC0CF 0xBC ADC0 Configuration 48 ADC0CN 0xE8 ADC0 Control 49 ADC0GTH 0xC4 ADC0 Greater-Than Compare High 50 ADC0GTL 0xC3 ADC0 Greater-Than Compare Low 50 ADC0H 0xBE ADC0 High 48 ADC0L 0xBD ADC0 Low 48 ADC0LTH 0xC6 ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word High 51 ADC0LTL 0xC5 ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word Low 51 AMX0N 0xBA AMUX0 Negative Channel Select 47 AMX0P 0xBB AMUX0 Positive Channel Select 46 B 0xF0 B Register 86 CKCON 0x8E Clock Control 215 CLKSEL 0xA9 Clock Select 124 CLKMUL 0xB9 Clock Multiplier Control 122 CPT0CN 0x9B Comparator0 Control 60 CPT0MD 0x9D Comparator0 Mode Selection 62 CPT0MX 0x9F Comparator0 MUX Selection 61 CPT1CN 0x9A Comparator1 Control 63 CPT1MD 0x9C Comparator1 Mode Selection 65 CPT1MX 0x9E Comparator1 MUX Selection 64 DPH 0x83 Data Pointer High 84 DPL 0x82 Data Pointer Low 83 EIE1 0xE6 Extended Interrupt Enable 1 93 EIE2 0xE7 Extended Interrupt Enable 2 95 EIP1 0xF6 Extended Interrupt Priority 1 94 EIP2 0xF7 Extended Interrupt Priority 2 95 EMI0CN 0xAA External Memory Interface Control 115 FLKEY 0xB7 Flash Lock and Key 112 FLSCL 0xB6 Flash Scale 113 IE 0xA8 Interrupt Enable 91 IP 0xB8 Interrupt Priority 92 80 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 9.3. Special Function Registers (Continued) SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved. Register Address Description Page IT01CF 0xE4 INT0/INT1 Configuration 96 OSCICL 0xB3 Internal Oscillator Calibration 118 OSCICN 0xB2 Internal Oscillator Control 118 OSCXCN 0xB1 External Oscillator Control 121 P0 0x80 Port 0 Latch 133 P0MDIN 0xF1 Port 0 Input Mode Configuration 133 P0MDOUT 0xA4 Port 0 Output Mode Configuration 133 P0SKIP 0xD4 Port 0 Skip 134 P1 0x90 Port 1 Latch 134 P1MDIN 0xF2 Port 1 Input Mode Configuration 134 P1MDOUT 0xA5 Port 1 Output Mode Configuration 135 P1SKIP 0xD5 Port 1 Skip 135 P2 0xA0 Port 2 Latch 135 P2MDIN 0xF3 Port 2 Input Mode Configuration 136 P2MDOUT 0xA6 Port 2 Output Mode Configuration 136 P2SKIP 0xD6 Port 2 Skip 136 P3 0xB0 Port 3 Latch 137 P3MDIN 0xF4 Port 3 Input Mode Configuration 137 P3MDOUT 0xA7 Port 3 Output Mode Configuration 137 PCA0CN 0xD8 PCA Control 240 PCA0CPH0 0xFC PCA Capture 0 High 244 PCA0CPH1 0xEA PCA Capture 1 High 244 PCA0CPH2 0xEC PCA Capture 2 High 244 PCA0CPH3 0xEE PCA Capture 3High 244 PCA0CPH4 0xFE PCA Capture 4 High 244 PCA0CPL0 0xFB PCA Capture 0 Low 243 PCA0CPL1 0xE9 PCA Capture 1 Low 243 PCA0CPL2 0xEB PCA Capture 2 Low 243 PCA0CPL3 0xED PCA Capture 3Low 243 PCA0CPL4 0xFD PCA Capture 4 Low 243 PCA0CPM0 0xDA PCA Module 0 Mode Register 242 PCA0CPM1 0xDB PCA Module 1 Mode Register 242 Rev. 1.4 81

C8051F320/1 Table 9.3. Special Function Registers (Continued) SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved. Register Address Description Page PCA0CPM2 0xDC PCA Module 2 Mode Register 242 PCA0CPM3 0xDD PCA Module 3 Mode Register 242 PCA0CPM4 0xDE PCA Module 4 Mode Register 242 PCA0H 0xFA PCA Counter High 243 PCA0L 0xF9 PCA Counter Low 243 PCA0MD 0xD9 PCA Mode 241 PCON 0x87 Power Control 98 PSCTL 0x8F Program Store R/W Control 112 PSW 0xD0 Program Status Word 85 REF0CN 0xD1 Voltage Reference Control 56 REG0CN 0xC9 Voltage Regulator Control 70 RSTSRC 0xEF Reset Source Configuration/Status 104 SBUF0 0x99 UART0 Data Buffer 193 SCON0 0x98 UART0 Control 192 SMB0CF 0xC1 SMBus Configuration 175 SMB0CN 0xC0 SMBus Control 177 SMB0DAT 0xC2 SMBus Data 179 SP 0x81 Stack Pointer 84 SPI0CFG 0xA1 SPI Configuration 203 SPI0CKR 0xA2 SPI Clock Rate Control 205 SPI0CN 0xF8 SPI Control 204 SPI0DAT 0xA3 SPI Data 205 TCON 0x88 Timer/Counter Control 213 TH0 0x8C Timer/Counter 0 High 216 TH1 0x8D Timer/Counter 1 High 216 TL0 0x8A Timer/Counter 0 Low 216 TL1 0x8B Timer/Counter 1 Low 216 TMOD 0x89 Timer/Counter Mode 214 TMR2CN 0xC8 Timer/Counter 2 Control 220 TMR2H 0xCD Timer/Counter 2 High 221 TMR2L 0xCC Timer/Counter 2 Low 221 TMR2RLH 0xCB Timer/Counter 2 Reload High 221 82 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 9.3. Special Function Registers (Continued) SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved. Register Address Description Page TMR2RLL 0xCA Timer/Counter 2 Reload Low 221 TMR3CN 0x91 Timer/Counter 3Control 225 TMR3H 0x95 Timer/Counter 3 High 226 TMR3L 0x94 Timer/Counter 3Low 226 TMR3RLH 0x93 Timer/Counter 3 Reload High 226 TMR3RLL 0x92 Timer/Counter 3 Reload Low 226 USB0ADR 0x96 USB0 Indirect Address Register 143 USB0DAT 0x97 USB0 Data Register 144 USB0XCN 0xD7 USB0 Transceiver Control 141 VDM0CN 0xFF VDD Monitor Control 101 XBR0 0xE1 Port I/O Crossbar Control 0 131 XBR1 0xE2 Port I/O Crossbar Control 1 132 0x84–0x86, 0xAB-0xAF, Reserved 0xB4, 0xB5, 0xBF, 0xC7, 0xCE, 0xCF, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xDF, 0xE3, 0xE5, 0xF5 9.2.7. Register Descriptions Following are descriptions of SFRs related to the operation of the CIP-51 System Controller. Reserved bits should not be set to logic l. Future product versions may use these bits to implement new features in which case the reset value of the bit will be logic 0, selecting the feature's default state. Detailed descriptions of the remaining SFRs are included in the sections of the datasheet associated with their corresponding sys- tem function. SFR Definition 9.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x82 Bits7–0: DPL: Data Pointer Low. The DPL register is the low byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed memory. Rev. 1.4 83

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x83 Bits7–0: DPH: Data Pointer High. The DPH register is the high byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed memory. SFR Definition 9.3. SP: Stack Pointer R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x81 Bits7–0: SP: Stack Pointer. The Stack Pointer holds the location of the top of the stack. The stack pointer is incremented before every PUSH operation. The SP register defaults to 0x07 after reset. 84 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.4. PSW: Program Status Word R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R Reset Value CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV F1 PARITY 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xD0 Bit7: CY: Carry Flag. This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry (addition) or a borrow (subtraction). It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations. Bit6: AC: Auxiliary Carry Flag This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry into (addition) or a borrow from (subtraction) the high order nibble. It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic opera- tions. Bit5: F0: User Flag 0. This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control. Bits4–3: RS1–RS0: Register Bank Select. These bits select which register bank is used during register accesses. RS1 RS0 Register Bank Address 0 0 0 0x00–0x07 0 1 1 0x08–0x0F 1 0 2 0x10–0x17 1 1 3 0x18–0x1F Bit2: OV: Overflow Flag. This bit is set to 1 under the following circumstances: • An ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign-change overflow. • A MUL instruction results in an overflow (result is greater than 255). • A DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition. The OV bit is cleared to 0 by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all other cases. Bit1: F1: User Flag 1. This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control. Bit0: PARITY: Parity Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 if the sum of the eight bits in the accumulator is odd and cleared if the sum is even. Rev. 1.4 85

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.5. ACC: Accumulator R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value ACC.7 ACC.6 ACC.5 ACC.4 ACC.3 ACC.2 ACC.1 ACC.0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xE0 Bits7–0: ACC: Accumulator. This register is the accumulator for arithmetic operations. SFR Definition 9.6. B: B Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value B.7 B.6 B.5 B.4 B.3 B.2 B.1 B.0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xF0 Bits7–0: B: B Register. This register serves as a second accumulator for certain arithmetic operations. 86 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9.3. Interrupt Handler The CIP-51 includes an extended interrupt system supporting a total of 16 interrupt sources with two prior- ity levels. The allocation of interrupt sources between on-chip peripherals and external inputs pins varies according to the specific version of the device. Each interrupt source has one or more associated interrupt- pending flag(s) located in an SFR. When a peripheral or external source meets a valid interrupt condition, the associated interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the source, an interrupt request is generated when the interrupt-pending flag is set. As soon as execution of the current instruction is complete, the CPU generates an LCALL to a prede- termined address to begin execution of an interrupt service routine (ISR). Each ISR must end with an RETI instruction, which returns program execution to the next instruction that would have been executed if the interrupt request had not occurred. If interrupts are not enabled, the interrupt-pending flag is ignored by the hardware and program execution continues as normal. (The interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1 regard- less of the interrupt's enable/disable state.) Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled through the use of an associated interrupt enable bit in an SFR (IE-EIE2). However, interrupts must first be globally enabled by setting the EA bit (IE.7) to logic 1 before the individual interrupt enables are recognized. Setting the EA bit to logic 0 disables all interrupt sources regardless of the individual interrupt-enable settings. Note: any instruction which clears the EA bit should be immediately followed by an instruction which has two or more opcode bytes. For example: // in 'C': EA = 0; // clear EA bit EA = 0; // ... followed by another 2-byte opcode ; in assembly: CLR EA ; clear EA bit CLR EA ; ... followed by another 2-byte opcode If an interrupt is posted during the execution phase of a "CLR EA" opcode (or any instruction which clears the EA bit), and the instruction is followed by a single-cycle instruction, the interrupt may be taken. If the EA bit is read inside the interrupt service routine, it will return a '0'. When the "CLR EA" opcode is followed by a multi-cycle instruction, the interrupt will not be taken. Some interrupt-pending flags are automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. However, most are not cleared by the hardware and must be cleared by software before returning from the ISR. If an interrupt-pending flag remains set after the CPU completes the return-from-interrupt (RETI) instruction, a new interrupt request will be generated immediately and the CPU will re-enter the ISR after the completion of the next instruction. 9.3.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors The MCU supports 16 interrupt sources. Software can simulate an interrupt by setting any interrupt-pend- ing flag to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the flag, an interrupt request will be generated and the CPU will vector to the ISR address associated with the interrupt-pending flag. MCU interrupt sources, associ- ated vector addresses, priority order and control bits are summarized in Table 9.4 on page 89. Refer to the datasheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s). Rev. 1.4 87

C8051F320/1 9.3.2. External Interrupts The /INT0 and /INT1 external interrupt sources are configurable as active high or low, edge or level sensi- tive. The IN0PL (/INT0 Polarity) and IN1PL (/INT1 Polarity) bits in the IT01CF register select active high or active low; the IT0 and IT1 bits in TCON (Section “19.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1” on page 209) select level or edge sensitive. The table below lists the possible configurations. IT0 IN0PL /INT0 Interrupt IT1 IN1PL /INT1 Interrupt 1 0 Active low, edge sensitive 1 0 Active low, edge sensitive Active high, edge sensi- 1 1 Active high, edge sensitive 1 1 tive 0 0 Active low, level sensitive 0 0 Active low, level sensitive 0 1 Active high, level sensitive 0 1 Active high, level sensitive /INT0 and /INT1 are assigned to Port pins as defined in the IT01CF register (see Figure 9.13). Note that /INT0 and /INT0 Port pin assignments are independent of any Crossbar assignments. /INT0 and /INT1 will monitor their assigned Port pins without disturbing the peripheral that was assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. To assign a Port pin only to /INT0 and/or /INT1, configure the Crossbar to skip the selected pin(s). This is accomplished by setting the associated bit in register XBR0 (see Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 128 for complete details on configuring the Crossbar). IE0 (TCON.1) and IE1 (TCON.3) serve as the interrupt-pending flags for the /INT0 and /INT1 external interrupts, respectively. If an /INT0 or /INT1 external interrupt is configured as edge-sensitive, the corre- sponding interrupt-pending flag is automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. When configured as level sensitive, the interrupt-pending flag remains logic 1 while the input is active as defined by the corresponding polarity bit (IN0PL or IN1PL); the flag remains logic 0 while the input is inac- tive. The external interrupt source must hold the input active until the interrupt request is recognized. It must then deactivate the interrupt request before execution of the ISR completes or another interrupt request will be generated. 9.3.3. Interrupt Priorities Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of two priority levels: low or high. A low prior- ity interrupt service routine can be preempted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt cannot be preempted. Each interrupt has an associated interrupt priority bit in an SFR (IP or EIP2) used to configure its priority level. Low priority is the default. If two interrupts are recognized simultaneously, the interrupt with the higher priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have the same priority level, a fixed priority order is used to arbitrate, given in Table 9.4. 88 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9.3.4. Interrupt Latency Interrupt response time depends on the state of the CPU when the interrupt occurs. Pending interrupts are sampled and priority decoded each system clock cycle. Therefore, the fastest possible response time is 5 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt and 4 clock cycles to complete the LCALL to the ISR. If an interrupt is pending when a RETI is executed, a single instruction is executed before an LCALL is made to service the pending interrupt. Therefore, the maximum response time for an interrupt (when no other interrupt is currently being serviced or the new interrupt is of greater priority) occurs when the CPU is performing an RETI instruction followed by a DIV as the next instruction. In this case, the response time is 18 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt, 5 clock cycles to execute the RETI, 8 clock cycles to complete the DIV instruction and 4 clock cycles to execute the LCALL to the ISR. If the CPU is executing an ISR for an interrupt with equal or higher priority, the new interrupt will not be serviced until the current ISR completes, including the RETI and following instruction. Note that the CPU is stalled during Flash write/erase operations and USB FIFO MOVX accesses (see Sec- tion “12.2. Accessing USB FIFO Space” on page 114). Interrupt service latency will be increased for inter- rupts occuring while the CPU is stalled. The latency for these situations will be determined by the standard interrupt service procedure (as described above) and the amount of time the CPU is stalled. Table 9.4. Interrupt Summary ? ? e W bl H a Interrupt Priority s y Enable Priority Interrupt Source Vector Order Pending Flag res d b Flag Control d e d r a a Bit Cle Always Always Reset 0x0000 Top None N/A N/A Enabled Highest External Interrupt 0 PX0 0x0003 0 IE0 (TCON.1) Y Y EX0 (IE.0) (/INT0) (IP.0) Timer 0 Overflow 0x000B 1 TF0 (TCON.5) Y Y ET0 (IE.1) PT0 (IP.1) External Interrupt 1 PX1 0x0013 2 IE1 (TCON.3) Y Y EX1 (IE.2) (/INT1) (IP.2) Timer 1 Overflow 0x001B 3 TF1 (TCON.7) Y Y ET1 (IE.3) PT1 (IP.3) RI0 (SCON0.0) PS0 UART0 0x0023 4 Y N ES0 (IE.4) TI0 (SCON0.1) (IP.4) TF2H (TMR2CN.7) Timer 2 Overflow 0x002B 5 Y N ET2 (IE.5) PT2 (IP.5) TF2L (TMR2CN.6) SPIF (SPI0CN.7) WCOL (SPI0CN.6) ESPI0 PSPI0 SPI0 0x0033 6 MODF (SPI0CN.5) Y N (IE.6) (IP.6) RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) ESMB0 PSMB0 SMB0 0x003B 7 SI (SMB0CN.0) Y N (EIE1.0) (EIP1.0) EUSB0 PUSB0 USB0 0x0043 8 Special N N (EIE1.1) (EIP1.1) ADC0 Window AD0WINT EWADC0 PWADC0 0x004B 9 Y N Compare (ADC0CN.3) (EIE1.2) (EIP1.2) Rev. 1.4 89

C8051F320/1 Table 9.4. Interrupt Summary (Continued) ? ? e W bl H a Interrupt Priority s y Enable Priority Interrupt Source Vector Order Pending Flag res d b Flag Control d e d r a a Bit Cle ADC0 Conversion EADC0 PADC0 0x0053 10 AD0INT (ADC0CN.5) Y N Complete (EIE1.3) (EIP1.3) Programmable CF (PCA0CN.7) EPCA0 PPCA0 0x005B 11 Y N Counter Array CCFn (PCA0CN.n) (EIE1.4) (EIP1.4) CP0FIF (CPT0CN.4) ECP0 PCP0 Comparator0 0x0063 12 N N CP0RIF (CPT0CN.5) (EIE1.5) (EIP1.5) CP1FIF (CPT1CN.4) ECP1 PCP1 Comparator1 0x006B 13 N N CP1RIF (CPT1CN.5) (EIE1.6) (EIP1.6) TF3H (TMR3CN.7) ET3 PT3 Timer 3 Overflow 0x0073 14 N N TF3L (TMR3CN.6) (EIE1.7) (EIP1.7) EVBUS PVBUS VBUS Level 0x007B 15 N/A N/A N/A (EIE2.0) (EIP2.0) 9.3.5. Interrupt Register Descriptions The SFRs used to enable the interrupt sources and set their priority level are described below. Refer to the datasheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s). 90 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.7. IE: Interrupt Enable R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value EA ESPI0 ET2 ES0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xA8 Bit7: EA: Enable All Interrupts. This bit globally enables/disables all interrupts. It overrides the individual interrupt mask set- tings. 0: Disable all interrupt sources. 1: Enable each interrupt according to its individual mask setting. Bit6: ESPI0: Enable Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the SPI0 interrupts. 0: Disable all SPI0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI0. Bit5: ET2: Enable Timer 2 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 2 interrupt. 0: Disable Timer 2 interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF2L or TF2H flags. Bit4: ES0: Enable UART0 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the UART0 interrupt. 0: Disable UART0 interrupt. 1: Enable UART0 interrupt. Bit3: ET1: Enable Timer 1 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 1 interrupt. 0: Disable all Timer 1 interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF1 flag. Bit2: EX1: Enable External Interrupt 1. This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 1. 0: Disable external interrupt 1. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the /INT1 input. Bit1: ET0: Enable Timer 0 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 0 interrupt. 0: Disable all Timer 0 interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF0 flag. Bit0: EX0: Enable External Interrupt 0. This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 0. 0: Disable external interrupt 0. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the /INT0 input. Rev. 1.4 91

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.8. IP: Interrupt Priority R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - PSPI0 PT2 PS0 PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 10000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xB8 Bit7: UNUSED. Read = 1b, Write = don't care. Bit6: PSPI0: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the SPI0 interrupt. 0: SPI0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: SPI0 interrupt set to high priority level. Bit5: PT2: Timer 2 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 2 interrupt. 0: Timer 2 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Timer 2 interrupts set to high priority level. Bit4: PS0: UART0 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the UART0 interrupt. 0: UART0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: UART0 interrupts set to high priority level. Bit3: PT1: Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 1 interrupt. 0: Timer 1 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Timer 1 interrupts set to high priority level. Bit2: PX1: External Interrupt 1 Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 1 interrupt. 0: External Interrupt 1 set to low priority level. 1: External Interrupt 1 set to high priority level. Bit1: PT0: Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 0 interrupt. 0: Timer 0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: Timer 0 interrupt set to high priority level. Bit0: PX0: External Interrupt 0 Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 0 interrupt. 0: External Interrupt 0 set to low priority level. 1: External Interrupt 0 set to high priority level. 92 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.9. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value ET3 ECP1 ECP0 EPCA0 EADC0 EWADC0 EUSB0 ESMB0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xE6 Bit7: ET3: Enable Timer 3 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the Timer 3 interrupt. 0: Disable Timer 3 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF3L or TF3H flags. Bit6: ECP1: Enable Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the CP1 interrupt. 0: Disable CP1 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP1RIF or CP1FIF flags. Bit5: ECP0: Enable Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the CP0 interrupt. 0: Disable CP0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP0RIF or CP0FIF flags. Bit4: EPCA0: Enable Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the PCA0 interrupts. 0: Disable all PCA0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by PCA0. Bit3: EADC0: Enable ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt. 0: Disable ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the AD0INT flag. Bit2: EWADC0: Enable Window Comparison ADC0 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt. 0: Disable ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by ADC0 Window Compare flag (AD0WINT). Bit1: EUSB0: Enable USB0 Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the USB0 interrupt. 0: Disable all USB0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by USB0. Bit0: ESMB0: Enable SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the SMB0 interrupt. 0: Disable all SMB0 interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SMB0. Rev. 1.4 93

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.10. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value PT3 PCP1 PCP0 PPCA0 PADC0 PWADC0 PUSB0 PSMB0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xF6 Bit7: PT3: Timer 3 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the Timer 3 interrupt. 0: Timer 3 interrupts set to low priority level. 1: Timer 3 interrupts set to high priority level. Bit6: PCP1: Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the CP1 interrupt. 0: CP1 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: CP1 interrupt set to high priority level. Bit5: PCP0: Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the CP0 interrupt. 0: CP0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: CP0 interrupt set to high priority level. Bit4: PPCA0: Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the PCA0 interrupt. 0: PCA0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: PCA0 interrupt set to high priority level. Bit3: PADC0 ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt. 0: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to low priority level. 1: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to high priority level. Bit2: PWADC0: ADC0 Window Comparator Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Window interrupt. 0: ADC0 Window interrupt set to low priority level. 1: ADC0 Window interrupt set to high priority level. Bit1: PUSB0: USB0 Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the USB0 interrupt. 0: USB0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: USB0 interrupt set to high priority level. Bit0: PSMB0: SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the SMB0 interrupt. 0: SMB0 interrupt set to low priority level. 1: SMB0 interrupt set to high priority level. 94 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.11. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - - - - EVBUS 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xE7 Bits7–1: UNUSED. Read = 0000000b. Write = don’t care. Bit0: EVBUS: Enable VBUS Level Interrupt. This bit sets the masking of the VBUS interrupt. 0: Disable all VBUS interrupts. 1: Enable interrupt requests generated by VBUS level sense. SFR Definition 9.12. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - - - - PVBUS 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xF7 Bits7–1: UNUSED. Read = 0000000b. Write = don’t care. Bit0: PVBUS: VBUS Level Interrupt Priority Control. This bit sets the priority of the VBUS interrupt. 0: VBUS interrupt set to low priority level. 1: VBUS interrupt set to high priority level. Rev. 1.4 95

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.13. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value IN1PL IN1SL2 IN1SL1 IN1SL0 IN0PL IN0SL2 IN0SL1 IN0SL0 00000001 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xE4 Note: Refer to Figure 19.1 for INT0/1 edge- or level-sensitive interrupt selection. Bit7: IN1PL: /INT1 Polarity 0: /INT1 input is active low. 1: /INT1 input is active high. Bits6–4: IN1SL2–0: /INT1 Port Pin Selection Bits These bits select which Port pin is assigned to /INT1. Note that this pin assignment is inde- pendent of the Crossbar; /INT1 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin (accomplished by setting to ‘1’ the corresponding bit in register P0SKIP). IN1SL2-0 /INT1 Port Pin 000 P0.0 001 P0.1 010 P0.2 011 P0.3 100 P0.4 101 P0.5 110 P0.6 111 P0.7 Bit3: IN0PL: /INT0 Polarity 0: /INT0 interrupt is active low. 1: /INT0 interrupt is active high. Bits2–0: INT0SL2–0: /INT0 Port Pin Selection Bits These bits select which Port pin is assigned to /INT0. Note that this pin assignment is inde- pendent of the Crossbar. /INT0 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin (accomplished by setting to ‘1’ the corresponding bit in register P0SKIP). IN0SL2-0 /INT0 Port Pin 000 P0.0 001 P0.1 010 P0.2 011 P0.3 100 P0.4 101 P0.5 110 P0.6 111 P0.7 96 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 9.4. Power Management Modes The CIP-51 core has two software programmable power management modes: Idle and Stop. Idle mode halts the CPU while leaving the peripherals and clocks active. In Stop mode, the CPU is halted, all inter- rupts, are inactive, and the internal oscillator is stopped (analog peripherals remain in their selected states; the external oscillator is not affected). Since clocks are running in Idle mode, power consumption is depen- dent upon the system clock frequency and the number of peripherals left in active mode before entering Idle. Stop mode consumes the least power. Figure 1.15 describes the Power Control Register (PCON) used to control the CIP-51's power management modes. Although the CIP-51 has Idle and Stop modes built in (as with any standard 8051 architecture), power management of the entire MCU is better accomplished through system clock and individual peripheral management. Each analog peripheral can be disabled when not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers or serial buses, draw little power when they are not in use. Turning off the oscillators lowers power consumption considerably; however a reset is required to restart the MCU. The internal oscillator can be placed in Suspend mode (see Section “13. Oscillators” on page 116). In Sus- pend mode, the internal oscillator is stopped until a non-idle USB event is detected, or the VBUS input sig- nal matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN (Figure 8.1 on Page 70). 9.4.1. Idle Mode Setting the Idle Mode Select bit (PCON.0) causes the CIP-51 to halt the CPU and enter Idle mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. All analog and digital peripherals can remain active during Idle mode. Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an enabled interrupt will cause the Idle Mode Selection bit (PCON.0) to be cleared and the CPU to resume operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed after the return from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the Idle Mode Select bit. If Idle mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000. If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby termi- nate the Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event of an inadvertent write to the PCON register. If this behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by software prior to entering the Idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to allow this operation. This pro- vides the opportunity for additional power savings, allowing the system to remain in the Idle mode indefi- nitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake up the system. Refer to Section “10.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset” on page 102 for more information on the use and configuration of the WDT. 9.4.2. Stop Mode Setting the Stop Mode Select bit (PCON.1) causes the CIP-51 to enter Stop mode as soon as the instruc- tion that sets the bit completes execution. In Stop mode the internal oscillator, CPU, and all digital peripher- als are stopped; the state of the external oscillator circuit is not affected. Each analog peripheral (including the external oscillator circuit) may be shut down individually prior to entering Stop Mode. Stop mode can only be terminated by an internal or external reset. On reset, the CIP-51 performs the normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000. If enabled, the Missing Clock Detector will cause an internal reset and thereby terminate the Stop mode. The Missing Clock Detector should be disabled if the CPU is to be put to in STOP mode for longer than the MCD timeout of 100 µsec. Rev. 1.4 97

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 9.14. PCON: Power Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value GF5 GF4 GF3 GF2 GF1 GF0 STOP IDLE 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x87 Bits7–2: GF5–GF0: General Purpose Flags 5–0. These are general purpose flags for use under software control. Bit1: STOP: Stop Mode Select. Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Stop mode. This bit will always be read as 0. 1: CPU goes into Stop mode (internal oscillator stopped). Bit0: IDLE: Idle Mode Select. Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Idle mode. This bit will always be read as 0. 1: CPU goes into Idle mode. (Shuts off clock to CPU, but clock to Timers, Interrupts, Serial Ports, and Analog Peripherals are still active.) 98 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 10. Reset Sources Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this reset state, the following occur: • CIP-51 halts program execution • Special Function Registers (SFRs) are initialized to their defined reset values • External Port pins are forced to a known state • Interrupts and timers are disabled. All SFRs are reset to the predefined values noted in the SFR detailed descriptions. The contents of internal data memory are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved. However, since the stack pointer SFR is reset, the stack is effectively lost even though the data on the stack is not altered. The Port I/O latches are reset to 0xFF (all logic ones) in open-drain mode. Weak pull-ups are enabled during and after the reset. For VDD Monitor and Power-On Resets, the /RST pin is driven low until the device exits the reset state. On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the system clock defaults to the inter- nal oscillator. Refer to Section “13. Oscillators” on page 116 for information on selecting and configuring the system clock source. The Watchdog Timer is enabled with the system clock divided by 12 as its clock source (Section “20.3. Watchdog Timer Mode” on page 236 details the use of the Watchdog Timer). Pro- gram execution begins at location 0x0000. VDD Supply Monitor + Enable - Power On Reset '0' /RST Px.x Comparator 0 (wired-OR) + - Px.x C0RSEF Missing Clock Detector Reset (one- Funnel shot) WPCDAT Software Reset (SWRSF) EN Errant O Isncteillrantaolr MCDEnable WDTENEnable OFpLeAraStiHon Enable Clock System Multiplier Clock CIP-51 USB VBUS Controller Transition Microcontroller System Reset XTAL1 External Core XTAL2 OsDcriilvlaetor Clock Select Extended Interrupt Handler Figure 10.1. Reset Sources Rev. 1.4 99

C8051F320/1 10.1. Power-On Reset During power-up, the device is held in a reset state and the /RST pin is driven low until VDD settles above V . A Power-On Reset delay (T ) occurs before the device is released from reset; this delay is RST PORDelay typically less than 0.3 ms. Figure 10.2. plots the power-on and VDD monitor reset timing. On exit from a power-on reset, the PORSF flag (RSTSRC.1) is set by hardware to logic 1. When PORSF is set, all of the other reset flags in the RSTSRC Register are indeterminate (PORSF is cleared by all other resets). Since all resets cause program execution to begin at the same location (0x0000) software can read the PORSF flag to determine if a power-up was the cause of reset. The content of internal data mem- ory should be assumed to be undefined after a power-on reset. The VDD monitor is enabled following a power-on reset. Software can force a power-on reset by writing ‘1’ to the PINRSF bit in register RSTSRC. s olt VDD v 2.70 V 2.4 RST 2.0 D D V 1.0 t /RST Logic HIGH T PORDelay Logic LOW VDD Power-On Monitor Reset Reset Figure 10.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing 100 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 10.2. Power-Fail Reset / VDD Monitor When a power-down transition or power irregularity causes VDD to drop below V , the power supply RST monitor will drive the /RST pin low and hold the CIP-51 in a reset state (see Figure 10.2). When VDD returns to a level above V , the CIP-51 will be released from the reset state. Note that even though inter- RST nal data memory contents are not altered by the power-fail reset, it is impossible to determine if VDD dropped below the level required for data retention. If the PORSF flag reads ‘1’, the data may no longer be valid. The VDD monitor is enabled after power-on resets; however its defined state (enabled/disabled) is not altered by any other reset source. For example, if the VDD monitor is enabled and a software reset is performed, the VDD monitor will still be enabled after the reset. Important Note: The VDD monitor must be enabled before it is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it is enabled and stabilized will cause a system reset. The procedure for configuring the VDD monitor as a reset source is shown below: Step 1. Enable the VDD monitor (VDM0CN.7 = ‘1’). Step 2. Wait for the VDD monitor to stabilize (see Table 10.1 for the VDD Monitor turn-on time). Step 3. Select the VDD monitor as a reset source (RSTSRC.1 = ‘1’). See Figure 10.2 for VDD monitor timing. See Table 10.1 for complete electrical characteristics of the VDD monitor. SFR Definition 10.1. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control R/W R R R R R R R Reset Value VDMEN VDDSTAT Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Variable Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xFF Bit7: VDMEN: VDD Monitor Enable. This bit turns the VDD monitor circuit on/off. The VDD Monitor cannot generate system resets until it is also selected as a reset source in register RSTSRC (Figure 10.2). The VDD Monitor must be allowed to stabilize before it is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it has stabilized will generate a system reset. See Table 10.1 for the minimum VDD Monitor turn-on time. The VDD Monitor is enabled fol- lowing all POR resets. 0: VDD Monitor Disabled. 1: VDD Monitor Enabled. Bit6: VDDSTAT: VDD Status. This bit indicates the current power supply status (VDD Monitor output). 0: VDD is at or below the VDD monitor threshold. 1: VDD is above the VDD monitor threshold. Bits5–0: Reserved. Read = Variable. Write = don’t care. Rev. 1.4 101

C8051F320/1 10.3. External Reset The external /RST pin provides a means for external circuitry to force the device into a reset state. Assert- ing an active-low signal on the /RST pin generates a reset; an external pull-up and/or decoupling of the /RST pin may be necessary to avoid erroneous noise-induced resets. See Table 10.1 for complete /RST pin specifications. The PINRSF flag (RSTSRC.0) is set on exit from an external reset. 10.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset The Missing Clock Detector (MCD) is a one-shot circuit that is triggered by the system clock. If more than 100 µs pass between rising edges on the system clock, the one-shot will time out and generate a reset. After a MCD reset, the MCDRSF flag (RSTSRC.2) will read ‘1’, signifying the MCD as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads ‘0’. Writing a ‘1’ to the MCDRSF bit enables the Missing Clock Detector; writing a ‘0’ disables it. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 10.5. Comparator0 Reset Comparator0 can be configured as a reset source by writing a ‘1’ to the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5). Com- parator0 should be enabled and allowed to settle prior to writing to C0RSEF to prevent any turn-on chatter on the output from generating an unwanted reset. The Comparator0 reset is active-low: if the non-inverting input voltage (on CP0+) is less than the inverting input voltage (on CP0-), a system reset is generated. After a Comparator0 reset, the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5) will read ‘1’ signifying Comparator0 as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads ‘0’. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. Note: When Comparator0 is not enabled but is enabled as a reset source, a reset will not be generated. 10.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset The programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) function of the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) can be used to prevent software from running out of control during a system malfunction. The PCA WDT function can be enabled or disabled by software as described in Section “20.3. Watchdog Timer Mode” on page 236; the WDT is enabled and clocked by SYSCLK / 12 following any reset. If a system malfunction prevents user software from updating the WDT, a reset is generated and the WDTRSF bit (RSTSRC.5) is set to ‘1’. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 10.7. Flash Error Reset If a Flash read/write/erase or program read targets an illegal address, a system reset is generated. This may occur due to any of the following: • A Flash write or erase is attempted above user code space. This occurs when PSWE is set to ‘1’ and a MOVX write operation is attempted above address 0x3DFF. • A Flash read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when a MOVC operation is attempted above address 0x3DFF. • A Program read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when user code attempts to branch to an address above 0x3DFF. • A Flash read, write or erase attempt is restricted due to a Flash security setting (see Section “11.3. Security Options” on page 108). The FERROR bit (RSTSRC.6) is set following a Flash error reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 102 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 10.8. Software Reset Software may force a reset by writing a ‘1’ to the SWRSF bit (RSTSRC.4). The SWRSF bit will read ‘1’ fol- lowing a software forced reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. 10.9. USB Reset Writing ‘1’ to the USBRSF bit in register RSTSRC selects USB0 as a reset source. With USB0 selected as a reset source, a system reset will be generated when either of the following occur: 1. RESET signaling is detected on the USB network. The USB Function Controller (USB0) must be enabled for RESET signaling to be detected. See Section “15. Universal Serial Bus Con- troller (USB)” on page 139 for information on the USB Function Controller. 2. The voltage on the VBUS pin matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN. See Section “8. Voltage Regulator (REG0)” on page 67 for details on the VBUS detection circuit. The USBRSF bit will read ‘1’ following a USB reset. The state of the /RST pin is unaffected by this reset. Rev. 1.4 103

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 10.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source R/W R R/W R/W R R/W R/W R Reset Value USBRSF FERROR C0RSEF SWRSF WDTRSF MCDRSF PORSF PINRSF Variable Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xEF Bit7: USBRSF: USB Reset Flag 0: Read: Last reset was not a USB reset; Write: USB resets disabled. 1: Read: Last reset was a USB reset; Write: USB resets enabled. Bit6: FERROR: Flash Error Indicator. 0: Source of last reset was not a Flash read/write/erase error. 1: Source of last reset was a Flash read/write/erase error. Bit5: C0RSEF: Comparator0 Reset Enable and Flag. 0: Read: Source of last reset was not Comparator0; Write: Comparator0 is not a reset source. 1: Read: Source of last reset was Comparator0; Write: Comparator0 is a reset source (active-low). Bit4: SWRSF: Software Reset Force and Flag. 0: Read: Source of last reset was not a write to the SWRSF bit; Write: No Effect. 1: Read: Source of last was a write to the SWRSF bit; Write: Forces a system reset. Bit3: WDTRSF: Watchdog Timer Reset Flag. 0: Source of last reset was not a WDT timeout. 1: Source of last reset was a WDT timeout. Bit2: MCDRSF: Missing Clock Detector Flag. 0: Read: Source of last reset was not a Missing Clock Detector timeout; Write: Missing Clock Detector disabled. 1: Read: Source of last reset was a Missing Clock Detector timeout; Write: Missing Clock Detector enabled; triggers a reset if a missing clock condition is detected. Bit1: PORSF: Power-On / VDD Monitor Reset Flag. This bit is set anytime a power-on reset occurs. Writing this bit selects/deselects the VDD monitor as a reset source. Note: writing ‘1’ to this bit before the VDD monitor is enabled and stabilized can cause a system reset. See register VDM0CN (Figure 10.1). 0: Read: Last reset was not a power-on or VDD monitor reset; Write: VDD monitor is not a reset source. 1: Read: Last reset was a power-on or VDD monitor reset; all other reset flags indetermi- nate; Write: VDD monitor is a reset source. Bit0: PINRSF: HW Pin Reset Flag. 0: Source of last reset was not /RST pin. 1: Source of last reset was /RST pin. Note: For bits that act as both reset source enables (on a write) and reset indicator flags (on a read), read-modify-write instructions read and modify the source enable only. This applies to bits: USBRSF, C0RSEF, SWRSF, MCDRSF, PORSF. 104 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 10.1. Reset Electrical Characteristics -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units /RST Output Low Voltage I = 8.5 mA, VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V 0.6 V OL /RST Input High Voltage 0.7 x VDD V /RST Input Low Voltage 0.3 x VDD /RST Input Pull-Up Current /RST = 0.0 V 25 40 µA VDD POR Threshold (V ) 2.40 2.55 2.70 V RST Time from last system clock rising Missing Clock Detector Timeout 100 220 500 µs edge to reset initiation Delay between release of any Reset Time Delay reset source and code execution 5.0 µs at location 0x0000 Minimum /RST Low Time to 15 µs Generate a System Reset VDD Monitor Turn-on Time 100 µs VDD Monitor Supply Current 20 50 µA Rev. 1.4 105

C8051F320/1 106 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 11. Flash Memory On-chip, re-programmable Flash memory is included for program code and non-volatile data storage. The Flash memory can be programmed in-system, a single byte at a time, through the C2 interface or by soft- ware using the MOVX instruction. Once cleared to logic 0, a Flash bit must be erased to set it back to logic 1. Flash bytes would typically be erased (set to 0xFF) before being reprogrammed. The write and erase operations are automatically timed by hardware for proper execution; data polling to determine the end of the write/erase operation is not required. Code execution is stalled during a Flash write/erase operation. Refer to Table 11.1 for complete Flash memory electrical characteristics. 11.1. Programming The Flash Memory The simplest means of programming the Flash memory is through the C2 interface using programming tools provided by Silicon Labs or a third party vendor. This is the only means for programming a non-initial- ized device. For details on the C2 commands to program Flash memory, see Section “21. C2 Interface” on page 245. To ensure the integrity of Flash contents, it is strongly recommended that the on-chip VDD Monitor be enabled in any system that includes code that writes and/or erases Flash memory from soft- ware. 11.1.1. Flash Lock and Key Functions Flash writes and erases by user software are protected with a lock and key function. The Flash Lock and Key Register (FLKEY) must be written with the correct key codes, in sequence, before Flash operations may be performed. The key codes are: 0xA5, 0xF1. The timing does not matter, but the codes must be written in order. If the key codes are written out of order, or the wrong codes are written, Flash writes and erases will be disabled until the next system reset. Flash writes and erases will also be disabled if a Flash write or erase is attempted before the key codes have been written properly. The Flash lock resets after each write or erase; the key codes must be written again before a following Flash operation can be per- formed. The FLKEY register is detailed in Figure 11.2. 11.1.2. Flash Erase Procedure The Flash memory can be programmed by software using the MOVX write instruction with the address and data byte to be programmed provided as normal operands. Before writing to Flash memory using MOVX, Flash write operations must be enabled by: (1) Writing the Flash key codes in sequence to the Flash Lock register (FLKEY); and (2) Setting the PSWE Program Store Write Enable bit (PSCTL.0) to logic 1 (this directs the MOVX writes to target Flash memory). The PSWE bit remains set until cleared by software. A write to Flash memory can clear bits to logic 0 but cannot set them; only an erase operation can set bits to logic 1 in Flash. A byte location to be programmed must be erased before a new value is written. The Flash memory is organized in 512-byte pages. The erase operation applies to an entire page (setting all bytes in the page to 0xFF). To erase an entire 512-byte page, perform the following steps: Step 1. Disable interrupts (recommended). Step 2. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5. Step 3. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1. Step 4. Set the PSEE bit (register PSCTL). Step 5. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL). Step 6. Using the MOVX instruction, write a data byte to any location within the 512-byte page to be erased. Step 7. Clear the PSWE bit (register PSCTL). Step 8. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTI). Rev. 1.4 106

C8051F320/1 11.1.3. Flash Write Procedure Flash bytes are programmed by software with the following sequence: Step 1. Disable interrupts (recommended). Step 2. Erase the 512-byte Flash page containing the target location, as described in Section 11.1.2. Step 3. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5. Step 4. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1. Step 5. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL). Step 6. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL). Step 7. Using the MOVX instruction, write a single data byte to the desired location within the 512- byte sector. Step 8. Clear the PSWE bit (register PSCTL). Steps 3-8 must be repeated for each byte to be written. After Flash writes are complete, PSWE should be cleared so that MOVX instructions do not target program memory. Table 11.1. Flash Electrical Characteristics Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Flash Size C8051F320/1 16384* bytes Endurance 20k 100k Erase/Write Erase Cycle Time 25 MHz System Clock 10 15 20 ms Write Cycle Time 25 MHz System Clock 40 55 70 µs *Note: 512 bytes at location 0x3E00 to 0x3FFF are reserved. 11.2. Non-volatile Data Storage The Flash memory can be used for non-volatile data storage as well as program code. This allows data such as calibration coefficients to be calculated and stored at run time. Data is written using the MOVX write instruction and read using the MOVC instruction. Note: MOVX read instructions always target XRAM. 107 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 11.3. Security Options The CIP-51 provides security options to protect the Flash memory from inadvertent modification by soft- ware as well as to prevent the viewing of proprietary program code and constants. The Program Store Write Enable (bit PSWE in register PSCTL) and the Program Store Erase Enable (bit PSEE in register PSCTL) bits protect the Flash memory from accidental modification by software. PSWE must be explicitly set to ‘1’ before software can modify the Flash memory; both PSWE and PSEE must be set to ‘1’ before software can erase Flash memory. Additional security features prevent proprietary program code and data constants from being read or altered across the C2 interface. A Security Lock Byte located at the last byte of Flash user space offers protection of the Flash program memory from access (reads, writes, or erases) by unprotected code or the C2 interface. The Flash security mechanism allows the user to lock n 512-byte Flash pages, starting at page 0 (addresses 0x0000 to 0x01FF), where n is the 1’s compliment number represented by the Security Lock Byte. See example below. Security Lock Byte: 11111101b 1’s Compliment: 00000010b Flash pages locked: 2 Addresses locked: 0x0000 to 0x03FF Important Notes About the Flash Security: 1. Clearing any bit of the Lock Byte to ‘0’ will lock the Flash page containing the Lock Byte (in addition to the selected pages). 2. Locked pages cannot be read, written, or erased via the C2 interface. 3. Locked pages cannot be read, written, or erased by user firmware executing from unlocked memory space. 4. User firmware executing in a locked page may read and write Flash memory in any locked or unlocked page excluding the reserved area. 5. User firmware executing in a locked page may erase Flash memory in any locked or unlocked page excluding the reserved area and the page containing the Lock Byte. 6. Locked pages can only be unlocked through the C2 interface with a C2 Device Erase com- mand. 7. If a user firmware Flash access attempt is denied (per restrictions #3, #4, and #5 above), a Flash Error system reset will be generated. C8051F320/1 Reserved 0x3E00 Lock Byte 0x3DFF Locked when any other Flash pages are 0x3DFE locked 0x3C00 Flash memory organized Unlocked Flash Pages in 512-byte pages Access limit set according to the Flash security lock byte 0x0000 Figure 11.1. Flash Program Memory Map and Security Byte Rev. 1.4 108

C8051F320/1 The level of Flash security depends on the Flash access method. The three Flash access methods that can be restricted are reads, writes, and erases from the C2 debug interface, user firmware executing on unlocked pages, and user firmware executing on locked pages. Table 11.2 summarizes the Flash security features of the 'F320/1 devices. Table 11.2. Flash Security Summary Action C2 Debug User Firmware executing from: Interface an unlocked page a locked page Read, Write or Erase unlocked pages Permitted Permitted Permitted (except page with Lock Byte) Read, Write or Erase locked pages Not Permitted FEDR Permitted (except page with Lock Byte) Read or Write page containing Lock Byte Permitted Permitted Permitted (if no pages are locked) Read or Write page containing Lock Byte Not Permitted FEDR Permitted (if any page is locked) Read contents of Lock Byte Permitted Permitted Permitted (if no pages are locked) Read contents of Lock Byte Not Permitted FEDR Permitted (if any page is locked) Erase page containing Lock Byte Permitted FEDR FEDR (if no pages are locked) Erase page containing Lock Byte - Unlock all pages Only C2DE FEDR FEDR (if any page is locked) Lock additional pages Not Permitted FEDR FEDR (change '1's to '0's in the Lock Byte) Unlock individual pages Not Permitted FEDR FEDR (change '0's to '1's in the Lock Byte) Read, Write or Erase Reserved Area Not Permitted FEDR FEDR C2DE - C2 Device Erase (Erases all Flash pages including the page containing the Lock Byte) FEDR - Not permitted; Causes Flash Error Device Reset (FERROR bit in RSTSRC is '1' after reset) - All prohibited operations that are performed via the C2 interface are ignored (do not cause device reset). - Locking any Flash page also locks the page containing the Lock Byte. - Once written to, the Lock Byte cannot be modified except by performing a C2 Device Erase. - If user code writes to the Lock Byte, the Lock does not take effect until the next device reset. 109 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 11.4. Flash Write and Erase Guidelines Any system which contains routines which write or erase Flash memory from software involves some risk that the write or erase routines will execute unintentionally if the CPU is operating outside its specified operating range of VDD, system clock frequency, or temperature. This accidental execution of Flash modi- fying code can result in alteration of Flash memory contents causing a system failure that is only recover- able by re-Flashing the code in the device. To help prevent the accidental modification of Flash by firmware, the VDD Monitor must be enabled and enabled as a reset source on C8051F32x devices for the Flash to be successfully modified. If either the VDD Monitor or the VDD Monitor reset source is not enabled, a Flash Error Device Reset will be generated when the firmware attempts to modify the Flash. The following guidelines are recommended for any system that contains routines which write or erase Flash from code. 11.4.1. VDD Maintenance and the VDD Monitor 1. If the system power supply is subject to voltage or current "spikes," add sufficient transient protection devices to the power supply to ensure that the supply voltages listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings table are not exceeded. 2. Make certain that the minimum VDD rise time specification of 1 ms is met. If the system cannot meet this rise time specification, then add an external VDD brownout circuit to the /RST pin of the device that holds the device in reset until VDD reaches 2.7 V and re-asserts /RST if VDD drops below 2.7 V. 3. Keep the on-chip VDD Monitor enabled and enable the VDD Monitor as a reset source as early in code as possible. This should be the first set of instructions executed after the Reset Vector. For 'C'-based systems, this will involve modifying the startup code added by the 'C' compiler. See your compiler documentation for more details. Make certain that there are no delays in software between enabling the VDD Monitor and enabling the VDD Monitor as a reset source. Code examples showing this can be found in AN201, "Writing to Flash from Firmware", available from the Silicon Laboratories web site. 4. As an added precaution, explicitly enable the VDD Monitor and enable the VDD Monitor as a reset source inside the functions that write and erase Flash memory. The VDD Monitor enable instructions should be placed just after the instruction to set PSWE to a '1', but before the Flash write or erase operation instruction. 5. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC (Reset Sources) register use direct assignment operators and explicitly DO NOT use the bit-wise operators (such as AND or OR). For exam- ple, "RSTSRC = 0x02" is correct, but "RSTSRC |= 0x02" is incorrect. 6. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC register explicitly set the PORSF bit to a '1'. Areas to check are initialization code which enables other reset sources, such as the Missing Clock Detector or Comparator, for example, and instructions which force a Software Reset. A global search on "RSTSRC" can quickly verify this. Rev. 1.4 110

C8051F320/1 11.4.2. 16.4.2 PSWE Maintenance 7. Reduce the number of places in code where the PSWE bit (b0 in PSCTL) is set to a '1'. There should be exactly one routine in code that sets PSWE to a '1' to write Flash bytes and one rou- tine in code that sets both PSWE and PSEE both to a '1' to erase Flash pages. 8. Minimize the number of variable accesses while PSWE is set to a '1'. Handle pointer address updates and loop maintenance outside the "PSWE = 1; ... PSWE = 0;" area. Code examples showing this can be found in AN201, "Writing to Flash from Firmware", available from the Sili- con Laboratories web site. 9. Disable interrupts prior to setting PSWE to a '1' and leave them disabled until after PSWE has been reset to '0'. Any interrupts posted during the Flash write or erase operation will be ser- viced in priority order after the Flash operation has been completed and interrupts have been re-enabled by software. 10. Make certain that the Flash write and erase pointer variables are not located in XRAM. See your compiler documentation for instructions regarding how to explicitly locate variables in dif- ferent memory areas. 11. Add address bounds checking to the routines that write or erase Flash memory to ensure that a routine called with an illegal address does not result in modification of the Flash. 11.4.3. System Clock 12. If operating from an external crystal, be advised that crystal performance is susceptible to electrical interference and is sensitive to layout and to changes in temperature. If the system is operating in an electrically noisy environment, use the internal oscillator or use an external CMOS clock. 13. If operating from the external oscillator, switch to the internal oscillator during Flash write or erase operations. The external oscillator can continue to run, and the CPU can switch back to the external oscillator after the Flash operation has completed. 111 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 11.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - - Reserved PSEE PSWE 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x8F Bits7–3: Unused: Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. Bit2: Reserved. Read = 0b. Must Write = 0b. Bit1: PSEE: Program Store Erase Enable Setting this bit (in combination with PSWE) allows an entire page of Flash program memory to be erased. If this bit is logic 1 and Flash writes are enabled (PSWE is logic 1), a write to Flash memory using the MOVX instruction will erase the entire page that contains the loca- tion addressed by the MOVX instruction. The value of the data byte written does not matter. 0: Flash program memory erasure disabled. 1: Flash program memory erasure enabled. Bit0: PSWE: Program Store Write Enable Setting this bit allows writing a byte of data to the Flash program memory using the MOVX write instruction. The Flash location should be erased before writing data. 0: Writes to Flash program memory disabled. 1: Writes to Flash program memory enabled; the MOVX write instruction targets Flash memory. SFR Definition 11.2. FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xB7 Bits7–0: FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key Register Write: This register must be written to before Flash writes or erases can be performed. Flash remains locked until this register is written to with the following key codes: 0xA5, 0xF1. The timing of the writes does not matter, as long as the codes are written in order. The key codes must be written for each Flash write or erase operation. Flash will be locked until the next system reset if the wrong codes are written or if a Flash operation is attempted before the codes have been written correctly. Read: When read, bits 1–0 indicate the current Flash lock state. 00: Flash is write/erase locked. 01: The first key code has been written (0xA5). 10: Flash is unlocked (writes/erases allowed). 11: Flash writes/erases disabled until the next reset. Rev. 1.4 112

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 11.3. FLSCL: Flash Scale R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value FOSE Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved 10000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xB6 Bits7: FOSE: Flash One-shot Enable This bit enables the Flash read one-shot. When the Flash one-shot disabled, the Flash sense amps are enabled for a full clock cycle during Flash reads. At system clock frequen- cies below 10 MHz, disabling the Flash one-shot will increase system power consumption. 0: Flash one-shot disabled. 1: Flash one-shot enabled. Bits6–0: RESERVED. Read = 000000b. Must Write 000000b. 113 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 12. External RAM The C8051F320/1 devices include 2048 bytes of on-chip XRAM. This XRAM space is split into user RAM (addresses 0x0000 - 0x03FF) and USB0 FIFO space (addresses 0x0400 - 0x07FF). 0xFFFF Same 2048 bytes as from 0x0000 to 0x07FF, wrapped on 2 kB boundaries 0x0800 0x07FF USB FIFOs Accessed through USB FIFO 1024 Bytes registers 0x0400 0x03FF XRAM Accessed with the MOVX 1024 Bytes instruction 0x0000 Figure 12.1. External Ram Memory Map 12.1. Accessing User XRAM XRAM can be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX) and the data pointer (DPTR), or using MOVX indirect addressing mode. If the MOVX instruction is used with an 8-bit address operand (such as @R1), then the high byte of the 16-bit address is provided by the External Memory Interface Control Reg- ister (EMI0CN as shown in Figure 12.1). Note: the MOVX instruction is also used for writes to the Flash memory. See Section “11. Flash Memory” on page 106 for details. The MOVX instruction accesses XRAM by default. For any of the addressing modes the upper 5 bits of the 16-bit external data memory address word are "don't cares". As a result, the 2048-byte RAM is mapped modulo style over the entire 64k external data memory address range. For example, the XRAM byte at address 0x0000 is also at address 0x0800, 0x1000, 0x1800, 0x2000, etc. Important Note: The upper 1k of the 2k XRAM functions as USB FIFO space. See Section 12.2 for details on accessing this memory space. 12.2. Accessing USB FIFO Space The upper 1k of XRAM functions as USB FIFO space. Figure 12.2 shows an expanded view of the FIFO space and user XRAM. FIFO space is accessed via USB FIFO registers; see Section “15.5. FIFO Manage- ment” on page 147 for more information on accessing these FIFOs. The MOVX instruction should not be used to load or modify USB data in the FIFO space. Unused areas of the FIFO space may be used as general purpose XRAM, accessible as described in Sec- tion 12.1. The FIFO block operates on the USB clock domain; thus the USB clock must be active when accessing FIFO space. Note that the number of SYSCLK cycles required by the MOVX instruction is increased when accessing USB FIFO space. Important Note: The USB clock must be active when accessing FIFO space. Rev. 1.4 114

C8051F320/1 0x03FF 0x07FF Endpoint0 (64 bytes) 0x07C0 0x07BF Endpoint1 (128 bytes) 0x0740 0x073F Endpoint2 (256 bytes) User XRAM Space User XRAM USB FIFO Space 0x0640 (1024 bytes) (System Clock Domain) 0x063F (USB Clock Domain) Endpoint3 (512 bytes) 0x0440 0x043F Free (64 bytes) 0x0000 0x0400 Figure 12.2. XRAM Memory Map Expanded View SFR Definition 12.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - - PGSEL2 PGSEL1 PGSEL0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xAA Bits7–3: Unused: Read = 00000b. Write = don’t care. Bits2–0: PGSEL[2:0]: XRAM Page Select Bits. The XRAM Page Select Bits provide the high byte of the 16-bit external data memory address when using an 8-bit MOVX command, effectively selecting a 256-byte page of RAM. The upper 5-bits are "don't cares", so the 2k address blocks are repeated modulo over the entire 64k external data memory address space. 115 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 13. Oscillators C8051F320/1 devices include a programmable internal oscillator, an external oscillator drive circuit, and a 4x Clock Multiplier. The internal oscillator can be enabled/disabled and calibrated using the OSCICN and OSCICL registers, as shown in Figure 13.1. The system clock (SYSCLK) can be derived from the internal oscillator, external oscillator circuit, or the 4x Clock Multiplier divided by 2. The USB clock (USBCLK) can be derived from the internal oscillator, external oscillator, or 4x Clock Multiplier. Oscillator electrical specifi- cations are given in Table 13.3 on page 125. OSCICL OSCICN CLKSEL Option 2 VDD OXptTioAnL 32 IOSCENIFRDYSUSPEND IFCN1IFCN0 USBCLK2USBCLK1USBCLK0 CLKSL1CLKSL0 XTAL2 EN Programmable IOSC n Internal Clock Generator Option 1 XTAL1 Input EXOSC 10MΩ OSC SYSCLK Circuit XTAL2 D L V L Option 4 XT IOSC XTAL2 EXOSC x 2 x 2 IOSC / 2 EXOSC / 2 Clock Multiplier EXOSC USBCLK XTLVLDXOSCMD2XOSCMD1XOSCMD0 XFCN2XFCN1XFCN0 MULENMULINITMULRDY MULSEL1MULSEL0 EEXXOOSSCC // 23 EXOSC / 4 OSCXCN CLKMUL 0 2- K L C B S U Figure 13.1. Oscillator Diagram 13.1. Programmable Internal Oscillator All C8051F320/1 devices include a programmable internal oscillator that defaults as the system clock after a system reset. The internal oscillator period can be programmed via the OSCICL register as defined by Equation 13.1, where f is the frequency of the internal oscillator following a reset, ΔT is the change in BASE internal oscillator period, and ΔOSCICL is a change to the value held in register OSCICL. Rev. 1.4 116

C8051F320/1 Equation 13.1. Typical Change in Internal Oscillator Period with OSCICL 1 ΔT≅ 0.0025× ------------- ×ΔOSCICL f BASE On C8051F320/1 devices, OSCICL is factory calibrated to obtain a 12 MHz base frequency (f ). Sec- BASE tion 13.1.1 details oscillator programming for C8051F320/1 devices. Electrical specifications for the preci- sion internal oscillator are given in Table 13.3 on page 125. Note that the system clock may be derived from the programmed internal oscillator divided by 1, 2, 4, or 8, as defined by the IFCN bits in register OSCICN. The divide value defaults to 8 following a reset. 13.1.1.Programming the Internal Oscillator on C8051F320/1 Devices The OSCICL reset value is factory calibrated to result in a 12 MHz internal oscillator with a ±1.5% accu- racy; this frequency is suitable for use as the USB clock (see Section 13.4). Software may modify the fre- quency of the internal oscillator as described below. Important Note: Once the internal oscillator frequency has been modified, the internal oscillator may not be used as the USB clock as described in Section 13.4. The internal oscillator frequency will reset to its original factory-calibrated frequency following any device reset, at which point the oscillator is suitable for use as the USB clock. Software should read and adjust the value of OSCICL according to Equation 13.1 to obtain the desired fre- quency. The example below shows how to obtain an 11.6 MHz internal oscillator frequency. f is the internal oscillator reset frequency; T is the reset oscillator period. BASE BASE f is the desired internal oscillator frequency; T is the desired oscillator period. DES DES f = 12000000Hz f = 11600000Hz BASE DES 1 1 T = ------------------------s T = ------------------------s BASE 12000000 DES 11600000 The required change in period (ΔT ) is the difference between the base period and the desired period. DES ΔT = -----------1------------- – -----------1------------- = 2.87× 10–9s DES 11600000 12000000 Using Equation 13.1 and the above calculations, find ΔOSCICL: 2.87×10–9 = 0.0025× ------1------- ×ΔOSCICL f BASE ΔOSCICL = 13.79 ΔOSCICL is rounded to the nearest integer (14) and added to the reset value of register OSCICL. 117 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Important Note: If the sum of the reset value of OSCICL and ΔOSCICL is greater than 31 or less than 0, then the device will not be capable of producing the desired frequency. 13.1.2.Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode The internal oscillator may be placed in Suspend mode by writing ‘1’ to the SUSPEND bit in register OSCICN. In Suspend mode, the internal oscillator is stopped until a non-idle USB event is detected (Sec- tion 15) or VBUS matches the polarity selected by the VBPOL bit in register REG0CN (Section 8.2). The transceiver is able to detect non-idle USB events even when it is placed in Suspend mode. On a non-idle USB event, a Resume interrupt is generated, on receipt of which the PHYEN bit should be set to '1' to re- enable the transceiver. SFR Definition 13.1. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control R/W R R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value IOSCEN IFRDY SUSPEND - - - IFCN1 IFCN0 10000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xB2 Bit7: IOSCEN: Internal Oscillator Enable Bit. 0: Internal Oscillator Disabled. 1: Internal Oscillator Enabled. Bit6: IFRDY: Internal Oscillator Frequency Ready Flag. 0: Internal Oscillator is not running at programmed frequency. 1: Internal Oscillator is running at programmed frequency. Bit5: SUSPEND: Force Suspend Writing a ‘1’ to this bit will force the internal oscillator to be stopped. The oscillator will be re- started on the next non-idle USB event (i.e., RESUME signaling) or VBUS interrupt event (see Figure 8.1). Bits4–2: UNUSED. Read = 000b, Write = don't care. Bits1–0: IFCN1–0: Internal Oscillator Frequency Control Bits. 00: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 8. 01: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 4. 10: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 2. 11: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 1. SFR Definition 13.2. OSCICL: Internal Oscillator Calibration R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - OSCCAL Variable Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xB3 Bits7–5: Unused: Read = varies. Write = don’t care. Bits4–0: OSCCAL: Oscillator Calibration Value These bits determine the internal oscillator period as per Equation 13.1. Note: The contents of this register are undefined when Clock Recovery is enabled. See Section “15.4. USB Clock Configuration” on page 146 for details on Clock Recovery. Rev. 1.4 118

C8051F320/1 13.2. External Oscillator Drive Circuit The external oscillator circuit may drive an external crystal, ceramic resonator, capacitor, or RC network. A CMOS clock may also provide a clock input. For a crystal or ceramic resonator configuration, the crys- tal/resonator must be wired across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins as shown in Option 1 of Figure 13.1. A 10 MΩ resistor also must be wired across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins for the crystal/resonator configura- tion. In RC, capacitor, or CMOS clock configuration, the clock source should be wired to the XTAL2 pin as shown in Option 2, 3, or 4 of Figure 13.1. The type of external oscillator must be selected in the OSCXCN register, and the frequency control bits (XFCN) must be selected appropriately (see Figure 13.3) Important Note on External Oscillator Usage: Port pins must be configured when using the external oscillator circuit. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in crystal/resonator mode, Port pins P0.2 and P0.3 are used as XTAL1 and XTAL2 respectively. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in capacitor, RC, or CMOS clock mode, Port pin P0.3 is used as XTAL2. The Port I/O Crossbar should be configured to skip the Port pins used by the oscillator circuit; see Section “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 128 for Crossbar configuration. Additionally, when using the external oscillator circuit in crystal/resonator, capacitor, or RC mode, the associated Port pins should be configured as analog inputs. In CMOS clock mode, the associated pin should be configured as a digital input. See Section “14.2. Port I/O Initialization” on page 130 for details on Port input mode selection. 13.2.1.Clocking Timers Directly Through the External Oscillator The external oscillator source divided by eight is a clock option for the timers (Section “19. Timers” on page 209) and the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) (Section “20. Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)” on page 227). When the external oscillator is used to clock these peripherals, but is not used as the system clock, the external oscillator frequency must be less than or equal to the system clock fre- quency. In this configuration, the clock supplied to the peripheral (external oscillator / 8) is synchronized with the system clock; the jitter associated with this synchronization is limited to ±0.5 system clock cycles. 13.2.2.External Crystal Example If a crystal or ceramic resonator is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in Figure 13.1, Option 1. The External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) should be chosen from the Crystal column of the table in Figure 13.3 (OSCXCN register). For example, a 12 MHz crystal requires an XFCN setting of 111b. When the crystal oscillator is first enabled, the oscillator amplitude detection circuit requires a settling time to achieve proper bias. Introducing a delay of 1 ms between enabling the oscillator and checking the XTLVLD bit will prevent a premature switch to the external oscillator as the system clock. Switching to the external oscillator before the crystal oscillator has stabilized can result in unpredictable behavior. The rec- ommended procedure is: Step 1. Enable the external oscillator. Step 2. Wait at least 1 ms. Step 3. Poll for XTLVLD => ‘1’. Step 4. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator. Important Note on External Crystals: Crystal oscillator circuits are quite sensitive to PCB layout. The crystal should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL pins on the device. The traces should be as short as possible and shielded with ground plane from any other traces which could introduce noise or interference. 119 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 13.2.3.External RC Example If an RC network is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in Figure 13.1, Option 2. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To deter- mine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, first select the RC network value to produce the desired frequency of oscillation. If the frequency desired is 100 kHz, let R = 246 kΩ and C = 50 pF: f = 1.23( 103 ) / RC = 1.23 ( 103 ) / [ 246 x 50 ] = 0.1 MHz = 100 kHz Referring to the table in Figure 13.3, the required XFCN setting is 010b. Programming XFCN to a higher setting in RC mode will improve frequency accuracy at an increased external oscillator supply current. 13.2.4.External Capacitor Example If a capacitor is used as an external oscillator for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in Figure 13.1, Option 3. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, select the capaci- tor to be used and find the frequency of oscillation from the equations below. Assume VDD = 3.0 V and C = 50 pF: f = KF / ( C x VDD ) = KF / ( 50 x 3 ) MHz f = KF / 150 MHz If a frequency of roughly 150 kHz is desired, select the K Factor from the table in Figure 13.3 as KF = 22: f = 22 / 150 = 0.146 MHz, or 146 kHz Therefore, the XFCN value to use in this example is 011b. Rev. 1.4 120

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 13.3. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control R R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W Reset Value XTLVLD XOSCMD2XOSCMD1XOSCMD0 - XFCN2 XFCN1 XFCN0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xB1 Bit7: XTLVLD: Crystal Oscillator Valid Flag. (Read only when XOSCMD = 11x.) 0: Crystal Oscillator is unused or not yet stable. 1: Crystal Oscillator is running and stable. Bits6–4: XOSCMD2–0: External Oscillator Mode Bits. 00x: External Oscillator circuit off. 010: External CMOS Clock Mode. 011: External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2 stage. 100: RC Oscillator Mode. 101: Capacitor Oscillator Mode. 110: Crystal Oscillator Mode. 111: Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage. Bit3: RESERVED. Read = 0, Write = don't care. Bits2–0: XFCN2–0: External Oscillator Frequency Control Bits. 000–111: See table below: XFCN Crystal (XOSCMD = 11x) RC (XOSCMD = 10x) C (XOSCMD = 10x) 000 f ≤ 32 kHz f ≤ 25 kHz K Factor = 0.87 001 32 kHz < f ≤ 84 kHz 25 kHz < f ≤ 50 kHz K Factor = 2.6 010 84 kHz < f ≤ 225 kHz 50 kHz < f ≤ 100 kHz K Factor = 7.7 011 225 kHz < f ≤ 590 kHz 100 kHz < f ≤ 200 kHz K Factor = 22 100 590 kHz < f ≤ 1.5 MHz 200 kHz < f ≤ 400 kHz K Factor = 65 101 1.5 MHz < f ≤ 4 MHz 400 kHz < f ≤ 800 kHz K Factor = 180 110 4 MHz < f ≤ 10 MHz 800 kHz < f ≤ 1.6 MHz K Factor = 664 111 10 MHz < f ≤ 30 MHz 1.6 MHz < f ≤ 3.2 MHz K Factor = 1590 CRYSTAL MODE (Circuit from Figure 13.1, Option 1; XOSCMD = 11x) Choose XFCN value to match crystal or resonator frequency. RC MODE (Circuit from Figure 13.1, Option 2; XOSCMD = 10x) Choose XFCN value to match frequency range: f = 1.23(103) / (R * C), where f = frequency of clock in MHz C = capacitor value in pF R = Pull-up resistor value in kΩ C MODE (Circuit from Figure 13.1, Option 3; XOSCMD = 10x) Choose K Factor (KF) for the oscillation frequency desired: f = KF / (C * VDD), where f = frequency of clock in MHz C = capacitor value the XTAL2 pin in pF VDD = Power Supply on MCU in volts 121 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 13.3. 4x Clock Multiplier The 4x Clock Multiplier allows a 12 MHz oscillator to generate the 48 MHz clock required for Full Speed USB communication (see Section “15.4. USB Clock Configuration” on page 146). A divided version of the Multiplier output can also be used as the system clock. See Section 13.4 for details on system clock and USB clock source selection. The 4x Clock Multiplier is configured via the CLKMUL register. The procedure for configuring and enabling the 4x Clock Multiplier is as follows: 1. Reset the Multiplier by writing 0x00 to register CLKMUL. 2. Select the Multiplier input source via the MULSEL bits. 3. Enable the Multiplier with the MULEN bit (CLKMUL | = 0x80). 4. Delay for >5 µs. 5. Initialize the Multiplier with the MULINIT bit (CLKMUL | = 0xC0). 6. Poll for MULRDY => ‘1’. Important Note: When using an external oscillator as the input to the 4x Clock Multiplier, the exter- nal source must be enabled and stable before the Multiplier is initialized. See Section 13.4 for details on selecting an external oscillator source. SFR Definition 13.4. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier Control R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value MULEN MULINIT MULRDY - - - MULSEL 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address 0xB9 Bit7: MULEN: Clock Multiplier Enable 0: Clock Multiplier disabled. 1: Clock Multiplier enabled. Bit6: MULINIT: Clock Multiplier Initialize This bit should be a ‘0’ when the Clock Multiplier is enabled. Once enabled, writing a ‘1’ to this bit will initialize the Clock Multiplier. The MULRDY bit reads ‘1’ when the Clock Multiplier is stabilized. Bit5: MULRDY: Clock Multiplier Ready This read-only bit indicates the status of the Clock Multiplier. 0: Clock Multiplier not ready. 1: Clock Multiplier ready (locked). Bits4–2: Unused. Read = 000b; Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: MULSEL: Clock Multiplier Input Select These bits select the clock supplied to the Clock Multiplier. MULSEL Selected Clock 00 Internal Oscillator 01 External Oscillator 10 External Oscillator / 2 11 RESERVED Rev. 1.4 122

C8051F320/1 13.4. System and USB Clock Selection The internal oscillator requires little start-up time and may be selected as the system or USB clock immedi- ately following the OSCICN write that enables the internal oscillator. External crystals and ceramic resona- tors typically require a start-up time before they are settled and ready for use. The Crystal Valid Flag (XTLVLD in register OSCXCN) is set to ‘1’ by hardware when the external oscillator is settled. To avoid reading a false XTLVLD, in crystal mode software should delay at least 1 ms between enabling the external oscillator and checking XTLVLD. RC and C modes typically require no startup time. 13.4.1.System Clock Selection The CLKSL[1:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the system clock. CLKSL[1:0] must be set to 01b for the system clock to run from the external oscillator; however the exter- nal oscillator may still clock certain peripherals (timers, PCA, USB) when the internal oscillator is selected as the system clock. The system clock may be switched on-the-fly between the internal oscillator, external oscillator, and 4x Clock Multiplier so long as the selected oscillator is enabled and has settled. 13.4.2.USB Clock Selection The USBCLK[2:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the USB clock. The USB clock may be derived from the 4x Clock Multiplier output, a divided version of the internal oscillator, or a divided version of the external oscillator. Note that the USB clock must be 48 MHz when operating USB0 as a Full Speed Function; the USB clock must be 6 MHz when operating USB0 as a Low Speed Function. See Figure 13.5 for USB clock selection options. Some example USB clock configurations for Full and Low Speed mode are given below: Table 13.1. Typical USB Full Speed Clock Settings Internal Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock Clock Multiplier USBCLK = 000b Clock Multiplier Input Internal Oscillator* MULSEL = 00b Internal Oscillator Divide by 1 IFCN = 11b External Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock Clock Multiplier USBCLK = 000b Clock Multiplier Input External Oscillator MULSEL = 01b Crystal Oscillator Mode XOSCMD = 110b External Oscillator 12 MHz Crystal XFCN = 111b *Note: Clock Recovery must be enabled for this configuration. 123 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 13.2. Typical USB Low Speed Clock Settings Internal Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock Internal Oscillator/2 USBCLK = 001b Internal Oscillator Divide by 1 IFCN = 11b External Oscillator Clock Signal Input Source Selection Register Bit Settings USB Clock External Oscillator/4 USBCLK = 101b Crystal Oscillator Mode XOSCMD = 110b External Oscillator 24 MHz Crystal XFCN = 111b SFR Definition 13.5. CLKSEL: Clock Select R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - USBCLK - - CLKSL 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address 0xA9 Bit 7: Unused. Read = 0b; Write = don’t care. Bits6–4: USBCLK2–0: USB Clock Select These bits select the clock supplied to USB0. When operating USB0 in full-speed mode, the selected clock should be 48 MHz. When operating USB0 in low-speed mode, the selected clock should be 6 MHz. USBCLK Selected Clock 000 4x Clock Multiplier 001 Internal Oscillator/2 010 External Oscillator 011 External Oscillator/2 100 External Oscillator/3 101 External Oscillator/4 110 RESERVED 111 RESERVED Bits3–2: Unused. Read = 00b; Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: CLKSL1–0: System Clock Select These bits select the system clock source. CLKSL Selected Clock Internal Oscillator (as determined by the 00 IFCN bits in register OSCICN) 01 External Oscillator 10 4x Clock Multiplier/2 11 RESERVED Rev. 1.4 124

C8051F320/1 Table 13.3. Internal Oscillator Electrical Characteristics –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Internal Oscillator Frequency Reset Frequency 11.82 12 12.18 MHz Internal Oscillator Supply OSCICN.7 = 1 450 µA Current (from VDD) Full Speed Mode 47.88 48 48.12 USB Clock Frequency* MHz Low Speed Mode 5.91 6 6.09 *Note: Applies only to external oscillator sources. 125 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 14. Port Input/Output Digital and analog resources are available through 25 I/O pins (C8051F320) or 21 I/O pins (C8051F321). Port pins are organized as shown in Figure 14.1. Each of the Port pins can be defined as general-purpose I/O (GPIO) or analog input; Port pins P0.0-P2.3 can be assigned to one of the internal digital resources as shown in Figure 14.3. The designer has complete control over which functions are assigned, limited only by the number of physical I/O pins. This resource assignment flexibility is achieved through the use of a Priority Crossbar Decoder. Note that the state of a Port I/O pin can always be read in the corresponding Port latch, regardless of the Crossbar settings. The Crossbar assigns the selected internal digital resources to the I/O pins based on the Priority Decoder (Figure 14.3 and Figure 14.4). The registers XBR0 and XBR1, defined in Figure 14.1 and Figure 14.2, are used to select internal digital functions. All Port I/Os are 5 V tolerant (refer to Figure 14.2 for the Port cell circuit). The Port I/O cells are configured as either push-pull or open-drain in the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT, where n = 0,1,2,3). Com- plete Electrical Specifications for Port I/O are given in Table 14.1 on page 138. XBR0, XBR1, PnMDOUT, PnSKIP Registers PnMDIN Registers Priority Decoder Highest 2 UART Priority P0 P0.0 4 8 SPI I/O Cells P0.7 2 s) SMBus gnal Digital 8 P1 P1.0 Si CP0 2 I/O gital Outputs Crossbar Cells P1.7 nternal Di SOYCuStPpC1uLtsK 2 8 IP/O2 P2.0 (I Cells P2.7 6 PCA P3 P3.0 1 Lowest 2 I/O T0, T1 Cells Priority Note: P2.4-P2.7 only available 8 on the C8051F320 P0 (P0.0-P0.7) 8 es) P1 (P1.0-P1.7) h c Lat 8 Port P2 (P2.0-P2.7) ( 8 P3 (P3.0) Figure 14.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 126

C8051F320/1 /WEAK-PULLUP PUSH-PULL VDD VDD /PORT-OUTENABLE (WEAK) PORT PAD PORT-OUTPUT GND Analog Select ANALOG INPUT PORT-INPUT Figure 14.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram 127 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder The Priority Crossbar Decoder (Figure 14.3) assigns a priority to each I/O function, starting at the top with UART0. When a digital resource is selected, the least-significant unassigned Port pin is assigned to that resource (excluding UART0, which is always at pins 4 and 5). If a Port pin is assigned, the Crossbar skips that pin when assigning the next selected resource. Additionally, the Crossbar will skip Port pins whose associated bits in the PnSKIP registers are set. The PnSKIP registers allow software to skip Port pins that are to be used for analog input, dedicated functions, or GPIO. Important Note on Crossbar Configuration: If a Port pin is claimed by a peripheral without use of the Crossbar, its corresponding PnSKIP bit should be set. This applies to P0.7 if VREF is used, P0.3 and/or P0.2 if the external oscillator circuit is enabled, P0.6 if the ADC is configured to use the external conversion start signal (CNVSTR), and any selected ADC or Comparator inputs. The Crossbar skips selected pins as if they were already assigned, and moves to the next unassigned pin. Figure 14.3 shows the Crossbar Decoder priority with no Port pins skipped (P0SKIP, P1SKIP, P2SKIP = 0x00); Figure 14.4 shows the Crossbar Decoder priority with the XTAL1 (P0.2) and XTAL2 (P0.3) pins skipped (P0SKIP = 0x0C). P0 P1 P2 R SF Signals XTAL1 XTAL2 CNVST VREF PIN I/O 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TX0 RX0 SCK MISO MOSI NSS* *NSS is only pinned out in 4-wire SPI mode SDA SCL CP0 CP0A e CP1 bl a CP1A vail a n SYSCLK U s CEX0 al n g CEX1 Si CEX2 CEX3 CEX4 ECI T0 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P0SKIP[0:7] P1SKIP[0:7] P2SKIP[0:3] Port pin potentially available to peripheral SF Signals Special Function Signals are not assigned by the Crossbar. When these signals are enabled, the Crossbar must be manually configured to skip their corresponding port pins. Figure 14.3. Crossbar Priority Decoder with No Pins Skipped Rev. 1.4 128

C8051F320/1 P0 P1 P2 R SF Signals XTAL1 XTAL2 CNVST VREF PIN I/O 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TX0 RX0 SCK MISO MOSI NSS* *NSS is only pinned out in 4-wire SPI mode SDA SCL CP0 CP0A e CP1 bl a CP1A vail a n SYSCLK U s CEX0 al n CEX1 Sig CEX2 CEX3 CEX4 ECI T0 T1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P0SKIP[0:7] P1SKIP[0:7] P2SKIP[0:3] Port pin potentially available to peripheral SF Signals Special Function Signals are not assigned by the Crossbar. When these signals are enabled, the Crossbar must be manually configured to skip their corresponding port pins. Figure 14.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder with Crystal Pins Skipped Registers XBR0 and XBR1 are used to assign the digital I/O resources to the physical I/O Port pins. Note that when the SMBus is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the SMBus (SDA and SCL); when the UART is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the UART (TX and RX). UART0 pin assignments are fixed for bootloading purposes: UART TX0 is always assigned to P0.4; UART RX0 is always assigned to P0.5. Standard Port I/Os appear contiguously after the prioritized functions have been assigned. Important Note: The SPI can be operated in either 3-wire or 4-wire modes, depending on the state of the NSSMD1-NSSMD0 bits in register SPI0CN. According to the SPI mode, the NSS signal may or may not be routed to a Port pin. 129 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 14.2. Port I/O Initialization Port I/O initialization consists of the following steps: Step 1. Select the input mode (analog or digital) for all Port pins, using the Port Input Mode register (PnMDIN). Step 2. Select the output mode (open-drain or push-pull) for all Port pins, using the Port Output Mode register (PnMDOUT). Step 3. Select any pins to be skipped by the I/O Crossbar using the Port Skip registers (PnSKIP). Step 4. Assign Port pins to desired peripherals (XBR0, XBR1). Step 5. Enable the Crossbar (XBARE = ‘1’). All Port pins must be configured as either analog or digital inputs. Any pins to be used as Comparator or ADC inputs should be configured as an analog inputs. When a pin is configured as an analog input, its weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver are disabled. This process saves power and reduces noise on the analog input. Pins configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however this practice is not recommended. To configure a Port pin for digital input, write ‘0’ to the corresponding bit in register PnMDOUT, and write ‘1’ to the corresponding Port latch (register Pn). Additionally, all analog input pins should be configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (accomplished by setting the associated bits in PnSKIP). Port input mode is set in the PnMDIN register, where a ‘1’ indicates a digital input, and a ‘0’ indicates an analog input. All pins default to digital inputs on reset. See Figure 14.4 for the PnMDIN register details. The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMD- OUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the PnMDOUT settings. When the WEAKPUD bit in XBR1 is ‘0’, a weak pull-up is enabled for all Port I/O con- figured as open-drain. WEAKPUD does not affect the push-pull Port I/O. Furthermore, the weak pull-up is turned off on an output that is driving a ‘0’ to avoid unnecessary power dissipation. Registers XBR0 and XBR1 must be loaded with the appropriate values to select the digital I/O functions required by the design. Setting the XBARE bit in XBR1 to ‘1’ enables the Crossbar. Until the Crossbar is enabled, the external pins remain as standard Port I/O (in input mode), regardless of the XBRn Register settings. For given XBRn Register settings, one can determine the I/O pin-out using the Priority Decode Table; as an alternative, the Configuration Wizard utility of the Silicon Labs IDE software will determine the Port I/O pin-assignments based on the XBRn Register settings. Important Note: The Crossbar must be enabled to use Ports P0, P1, and P2.0-P2.3 as standard Port I/O in output mode. These Port output drivers are disabled while the Crossbar is disabled. P2.4-P2.7 and P3.0 always function as standard GPIO. Rev. 1.4 130

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value CP1AE CP1E CP0AE CP0E SYSCKE SMB0E SPI0E URT0E 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xE1 Bit7: CP1AE: Comparator1 Asynchronous Output Enable 0: Asynchronous CP1 unavailable at Port pin. 1: Asynchronous CP1 routed to Port pin. Bit6: CP1E: Comparator1 Output Enable 0: CP1 unavailable at Port pin. 1: CP1 routed to Port pin. Bit5: CP0AE: Comparator0 Asynchronous Output Enable 0: Asynchronous CP0 unavailable at Port pin. 1: Asynchronous CP0 routed to Port pin. Bit4: CP0E: Comparator0 Output Enable 0: CP0 unavailable at Port pin. 1: CP0 routed to Port pin. Bit3: SYSCKE: /SYSCLK Output Enable 0: /SYSCLK unavailable at Port pin. 1: /SYSCLK output routed to Port pin. Bit2: SMB0E: SMBus I/O Enable 0: SMBus I/O unavailable at Port pins. 1: SMBus I/O routed to Port pins. Bit1: SPI0E: SPI I/O Enable 0: SPI I/O unavailable at Port pins. 1: SPI I/O routed to Port pins. Bit0: URT0E: UART I/O Output Enable 0: UART I/O unavailable at Port pin. 1: UART TX0, RX0 routed to Port pins P0.4 and P0.5. 131 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value WEAKPUD XBARE T1E T0E ECIE PCA0ME 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xE2 Bit7: WEAKPUD: Port I/O Weak Pull-up Disable. 0: Weak Pull-ups enabled (except for Ports whose I/O are configured as analog input or push-pull output). 1: Weak Pull-ups disabled. Bit6: XBARE: Crossbar Enable. 0: Crossbar disabled; all Port drivers disabled. 1: Crossbar enabled. Bit5: T1E: T1 Enable 0: T1 unavailable at Port pin. 1: T1 routed to Port pin. Bit4: T0E: T0 Enable 0: T0 unavailable at Port pin. 1: T0 routed to Port pin. Bit3: ECIE: PCA0 External Counter Input Enable 0: ECI unavailable at Port pin. 1: ECI routed to Port pin. Bits2–0: PCA0ME: PCA Module I/O Enable Bits. 000: All PCA I/O unavailable at Port pins. 001: CEX0 routed to Port pin. 010: CEX0, CEX1 routed to Port pins. 011: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2 routed to Port pins. 100: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3 routed to Port pins. 101: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4 routed to Port pins. 110: Reserved. 111: Reserved. 14.3. General Purpose Port I/O Port pins that remain unassigned by the Crossbar and are not used by analog peripherals can be used for general purpose I/O. Ports3-0 are accessed through corresponding special function registers (SFRs) that are both byte addressable and bit addressable. When writing to a Port, the value written to the SFR is latched to maintain the output data value at each pin. When reading, the logic levels of the Port's input pins are returned regardless of the XBRn settings (i.e., even when the pin is assigned to another signal by the Crossbar, the Port register can always read its corresponding Port I/O pin). The exception to this is the execution of the read-modify-write instructions. The read-modify-write instructions when operating on a Port SFR are the following: ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ and MOV, CLR or SETB, when the destination is an individual bit in a Port SFR. For these instructions, the value of the register (not the pin) is read, modified, and written back to the SFR. Rev. 1.4 132

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.3. P0: Port0 Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value P0.7 P0.6 P0.5 P0.4 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0x80 Bits7–0: P0.[7:0] Write - Output appears on I/O pins per Crossbar Registers (when XBARE = ‘1’). 0: Logic Low Output. 1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P0MDOUT.n bit = 0). Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P0MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when configured as digital input. 0: P0.n pin is logic low. 1: P0.n pin is logic high. SFR Definition 14.4. P0MDIN: Port0 Input Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xF1 Bits7–0: Analog Input Configuration Bits for P0.7-P0.0 (respectively). Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled. 0: Corresponding P0.n pin is configured as an analog input. 1: Corresponding P0.n pin is not configured as an analog input. SFR Definition 14.5. P0MDOUT: Port0 Output Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xA4 Bits7–0: Output Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively): ignored if corresponding bit in regis- ter P0MDIN is logic 0. 0: Corresponding P0.n Output is open-drain. 1: Corresponding P0.n Output is push-pull. (Note: When SDA and SCL appear on any of the Port I/O, each are open-drain regardless of the value of P0MDOUT). 133 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.6. P0SKIP: Port0 Skip Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xD4 Bits7–0: P0SKIP[7:0]: Port0 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits. These bits select Port pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used as ana- log inputs (for ADC or Comparator) or used as special functions (VREF input, external oscil- lator circuit, CNVSTR input) should be skipped by the Crossbar. 0: Corresponding P0.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar. 1: Corresponding P0.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar. SFR Definition 14.7. P1: Port1 Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value P1.7 P1.6 P1.5 P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0x90 Bits7–0: P1.[7:0] Write - Output appears on I/O pins per Crossbar Registers (when XBARE = ‘1’). 0: Logic Low Output. 1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P1MDOUT.n bit = 0). Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P1MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when configured as digital input. 0: P1.n pin is logic low. 1: P1.n pin is logic high. SFR Definition 14.8. P1MDIN: Port1 Input Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 11111111 SFR Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Address: 0xF2 Bits7–0: Analog Input Configuration Bits for P1.7-P1.0 (respectively). Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled. 0: Corresponding P1.n pin is configured as an analog input. 1: Corresponding P1.n pin is not configured as an analog input. Rev. 1.4 134

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.9. P1MDOUT: Port1 Output Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 SFR Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Address: 0xA5 Bits7–0: Output Configuration Bits for P1.7-P1.0 (respectively): ignored if corresponding bit in regis- ter P1MDIN is logic 0. 0: Corresponding P1.n Output is open-drain. 1: Corresponding P1.n Output is push-pull. SFR Definition 14.10. P1SKIP: Port1 Skip Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xD5 Bits7–0: P1SKIP[7:0]: Port1 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits. These bits select Port pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used as ana- log inputs (for ADC or Comparator) or used as special functions (VREF input, external oscil- lator circuit, CNVSTR input) should be skipped by the Crossbar. 0: Corresponding P1.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar. 1: Corresponding P1.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar. SFR Definition 14.11. P2: Port2 Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4 P2.3 P2.2 P2.1 P2.0 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xA0 Bits7–0: P2.[7:0] Write - Output appears on I/O pins per Crossbar Registers (when XBARE = ‘1’). 0: Logic Low Output. 1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P2MDOUT.n bit = 0). Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P2MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when configured as digital input. 0: P2.n pin is logic low. 1: P2.n pin is logic high. Note: P2.7–P2.4 only available on C8051F320 devices. Writes to these Ports do not require XBARE = ‘1’. 135 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.12. P2MDIN: Port2 Input Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xF3 Bits7–0: Analog Input Configuration Bits for P2.7–P2.0 (respectively). Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled. 0: Corresponding P2.n pin is configured as an analog input. 1: Corresponding P2.n pin is not configured as an analog input. Note: P2.7–P2.4 only available on C8051F320 devices. SFR Definition 14.13. P2MDOUT: Port2 Output Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xA6 Bits7–0: Output Configuration Bits for P2.7–P2.0 (respectively): ignored if corresponding bit in regis- ter P2MDIN is logic 0. 0: Corresponding P2.n Output is open-drain. 1: Corresponding P2.n Output is push-pull. Note: P2.7–P2.4 only available on C8051F320 devices. SFR Definition 14.14. P2SKIP: Port2 Skip Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xD6 Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Bits3–0: P2SKIP[3:0]: Port2 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits. These bits select Port pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins used as ana- log inputs (for ADC or Comparator) or used as special functions (VREF input, external oscil- lator circuit, CNVSTR input) should be skipped by the Crossbar. 0: Corresponding P2.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar. 1: Corresponding P2.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar. Rev. 1.4 136

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 14.15. P3: Port3 Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value P3.7 P3.6 P3.5 P3.4 P3.3 P3.2 P3.1 P3.0 11111111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xB0 Bits7–0: P3.[7:0] Write - Output appears on I/O pins. 0: Logic Low Output. 1: Logic High Output (high impedance if corresponding P3MDOUT.n bit = 0). Read - Always reads ‘0’ if selected as analog input in register P3MDIN. Directly reads Port pin when configured as digital input. 0: P3.n pin is logic low. 1: P3.n pin is logic high. SFR Definition 14.16. P3MDIN: Port3 Input Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - - - - 00000001 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xF4 Bits7–1: UNUSED. Read = 0000000b; Write = don’t care. Bit0: Analog Input Configuration Bit for P3.0. Port pins configured as analog inputs have their weak pull-up, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled. 0: Corresponding P3.n pin is configured as an analog input. 1: Corresponding P3.n pin is not configured as an analog input. SFR Definition 14.17. P3MDOUT: Port3 Output Mode Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - - - - 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xA7 Bits7–1: UNUSED. Read = 0000000b; Write = don’t care. Bit0: Output Configuration Bit for P3.0; ignored if corresponding bit in register P3MDIN is logic 0. 0: Corresponding P3.n Output is open-drain. 1: Corresponding P3.n Output is push-pull. 137 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 14.1. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics V = 2.7 to 3.6V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. DD Parameters Conditions Min Typ Max Units Output High Voltage IOH = –3 mA, Port I/O push-pull VDD – 0.7 — — I = –10 µA, Port I/O push-pull VDD – 0.1 — — V OH I = –10 mA, Port I/O push-pull — VDD – 0.8 — OH Output Low Voltage IOL = 8.5 mA — — 0.6 I = 10 µA — — 0.1 V OL I = 25 mA — 1.0 — OL Input High Voltage 2.0 — — V Input Low Voltage — — 0.8 V Input Leakage Current Weak Pull-up Off — — ±1 µA Weak Pull-up On, V = 0 V — 25 50 IN Rev. 1.4 138

C8051F320/1 139 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 15. Universal Serial Bus Controller (USB) C8051F320/1 devices include a complete Full/Low Speed USB function for USB peripheral implementa- tions*. The USB Function Controller (USB0) consists of a Serial Interface Engine (SIE), USB Transceiver (including matching resistors and configurable pull-up resistors), 1k FIFO block, and clock recovery mech- anism for crystal-less operation. No external components are required. The USB Function Controller and Transceiver is Universal Serial Bus Specification 2.0 compliant. Transceiver Serial Interface Engine (SIE) Endpoint0 VDD IN/OUT D+ USB Data Control, CIP-51 Core Transfer Endpoint1 Status, and Control Endpoint2 Interrupt Registers D- IN EOnUdpToint3 IN OUT IN OUT USB FIFOs (1k RAM) Figure 15.1. USB0 Block Diagram Note: This document assumes a comprehensive understanding of the USB Protocol. Terms and abbreviations used in this document are defined in the USB Specification. We encourage you to review the latest version of the USB Specification before proceeding. *Note: The C8051F320/1 cannot be used as a USB Host device. Rev. 1.4 139

C8051F320/1 15.1. Endpoint Addressing A total of eight endpoint pipes are available. The control endpoint (Endpoint0) always functions as a bi-directional IN/OUT endpoint. The other endpoints are implemented as three pairs of IN/OUT endpoint pipes: Table 15.1. Endpoint Addressing Scheme Endpoint Associated Pipes USB Protocol Address Endpoint0 IN 0x00 Endpoint0 Endpoint0 OUT 0x00 Endpoint1 IN 0x81 Endpoint1 Endpoint1 OUT 0x01 Endpoint2 IN 0x82 Endpoint2 Endpoint2 OUT 0x02 Endpoint3 IN 0x83 Endpoint3 Endpoint3 OUT 0x03 15.2. USB Transceiver The USB Transceiver is configured via the USB0XCN register shown in Figure 15.1. This configuration includes Transceiver enable/disable, pull-up resistor enable/disable, and device speed selection (Full or Low Speed). When bit SPEED = ‘1’, USB0 operates as a Full Speed USB function, and the on-chip pull-up resistor (if enabled) appears on the D+ pin. When bit SPEED = ‘0’, USB0 operates as a Low Speed USB function, and the on-chip pull-up resistor (if enabled) appears on the D- pin. Bits4-0 of register USB0XCN can be used for Transceiver testing as described in Figure 15.1. The pull-up resistor is enabled only when VBUS is present (see Section “8.2. VBUS Detection” on page 67 for details on VBUS detection). Note: The USB clock should be active before the Transceiver is enabled. 140 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 15.1. USB0XCN: USB0 Transceiver Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R Reset Value PREN PHYEN SPEED PHYTST1 PHYTST0 DFREC Dp Dn 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xD7 Bit7: PREN: Internal Pull-up Resistor Enable The location of the pull-up resistor (D+ or D–) is determined by the SPEED bit. 0: Internal pull-up resistor disabled (device effectively detached from the USB network). 1: Internal pull-up resistor enabled when VBUS is present (device attached to the USB net- work). Bit6: PHYEN: Physical Layer Enable This bit enables/disables the USB0 physical layer transceiver. 0: Transceiver disabled (suspend). 1: Transceiver enabled (normal). Bit5: SPEED: USB0 Speed Select This bit selects the USB0 speed. 0: USB0 operates as a Low Speed device. If enabled, the internal pull-up resistor appears on the D– line. 1: USB0 operates as a Full Speed device. If enabled, the internal pull-up resistor appears on the D+ line. Bits4–3: PHYTST1–0: Physical Layer Test These bits can be used to test the USB0 transceiver. PHYTST[1:0] Mode D+ D– 00b Mode 0: Normal (non-test mode) X X 01b Mode 1: Differential ‘1’ Forced 1 0 10b Mode 2: Differential ‘0’ Forced 0 1 11b Mode 3: Single-Ended ‘0’ Forced 0 0 Bit2: DFREC: Differential Receiver The state of this bit indicates the current differential value present on the D+ and D– lines when PHYEN = ‘1’. 0: Differential ‘0’ signaling on the bus. 1: Differential ‘1’ signaling on the bus. Bit1: Dp: D+ Signal Status This bit indicates the current logic level of the D+ pin. 0: D+ signal currently at logic 0. 1: D+ signal currently at logic 1. Bit0: Dn: D- Signal Status This bit indicates the current logic level of the D– pin. 0: D– signal currently at logic 0. 1: D– signal currently at logic 1. Rev. 1.4 141

C8051F320/1 15.3. USB Register Access The USB0 controller registers listed in Table 15.2 are accessed through two SFRs: USB0 Address (USB0ADR) and USB0 Data (USB0DAT). The USB0ADR register selects which USB register is targeted by reads/writes of the USB0DAT register. See Figure 15.2. Endpoint control/status registers are accessed by first writing the USB register INDEX with the target end- point number. Once the target endpoint number is written to the INDEX register, the control/status registers associated with the target endpoint may be accessed. See the “Indexed Registers” section of Table 15.2 for a list of endpoint control/status registers. Note: The USB clock must be active when accessing USB registers. 8051 USB Controller SFRs Interrupt Registers FIFO Access Common Registers USB0DAT Index Register Endpoint0 Control/ Status Registers Endpoint1 Control/ Status Registers Endpoint2 Control/ Status Registers USB0ADR Endpoint3 Control/ Status Registers Figure 15.2. USB0 Register Access Scheme 142 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 15.2. USB0ADR: USB0 Indirect Address R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value BUSY AUTORD USBADDR 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x96 Bits7: BUSY: USB0 Register Read Busy Flag This bit is used during indirect USB0 register accesses. Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to initiate a read of the USB0 register targeted by the USBADDR bits (USB0ADR.[5-0]). The target address and BUSY bit may be written in the same write to USB0ADR. After BUSY is set to ‘1’, hardware will clear BUSY when the targeted register data is ready in the USB0- DAT register. Software should check BUSY for ‘0’ before writing to USB0DAT. Write: 0: No effect. 1: A USB0 indirect register read is initiated at the address specified by the USBADDR bits. Read: 0: USB0DAT register data is valid. 1: USB0 is busy accessing an indirect register; USB0DAT register data is invalid. Bit6: AUTORD: USB0 Register Auto-read Flag This bit is used for block FIFO reads. 0: BUSY must be written manually for each USB0 indirect register read. 1: The next indirect register read will automatically be initiated when software reads USB0- DAT (USBADDR bits will not be changed). Bits5–0: USBADDR: USB0 Indirect Register Address These bits hold a 6-bit address used to indirectly access the USB0 core registers. Table 15.2 lists the USB0 core registers and their indirect addresses. Reads and writes to USB0DAT will target the register indicated by the USBADDR bits. Rev. 1.4 143

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 15.3. USB0DAT: USB0 Data R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value USB0DAT 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x97 This SFR is used to indirectly read and write USB0 registers. Write Procedure: 1. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => ‘0’. 2. Load the target USB0 register address into the USBADDR bits in register USB0ADR. 3. Write data to USB0DAT. 4. Repeat (Step 2 may be skipped when writing to the same USB0 register). Read Procedure: 1. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => ‘0’. 2. Load the target USB0 register address into the USBADDR bits in register USB0ADR. 3. Write ‘1’ to the BUSY bit in register USB0ADR (steps 2 and 3 can be performed in the same write). 4. Poll for BUSY (USB0ADR.7) => ‘0’. 5. Read data from USB0DAT. 6. Repeat from Step 2 (Step 2 may be skipped when reading the same USB0 register; Step 3 may be skipped when the AUTORD bit (USB0ADR.6) is logic 1). Table 15.2. USB0 Controller Registers USB Register USB Register Description Page Number Name Address Interrupt Registers IN1INT 0x02 Endpoint0 and Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt Flags 153 OUT1INT 0x04 Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt Flags 154 CMINT 0x06 Common USB Interrupt Flags 155 IN1IE 0x07 Endpoint0 and Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt Enables 156 OUT1IE 0x09 Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt Enables 156 CMIE 0x0B Common USB Interrupt Enables 157 Common Registers FADDR 0x00 Function Address 149 POWER 0x01 Power Management 151 FRAMEL 0x0C Frame Number Low Byte 152 FRAMEH 0x0D Frame Number High Byte 152 INDEX 0x0E Endpoint Index Selection 145 CLKREC 0x0F Clock Recovery Control 146 FIFOn 0x20-0x23 Endpoints0-3 FIFOs 148 144 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 15.2. USB0 Controller Registers (Continued) USB Register USB Register Description Page Number Name Address Indexed Registers E0CSR Endpoint0 Control / Status 160 0x11 EINCSRL Endpoint IN Control / Status Low Byte 163 EINCSRH 0x12 Endpoint IN Control / Status High Byte 164 EOUTCSRL 0x14 Endpoint OUT Control / Status Low Byte 166 EOUTCSRH 0x15 Endpoint OUT Control / Status High Byte 167 E0CNT Number of Received Bytes in Endpoint0 FIFO 161 0x16 EOUTCNTL Endpoint OUT Packet Count Low Byte 167 EOUTCNTH 0x17 Endpoint OUT Packet Count High Byte 167 USB Register Definition 15.4. INDEX: USB0 Endpoint Index R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - EPSEL 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x0E Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b; Write = don’t care. Bits3–0: EPSEL: Endpoint Select These bits select which endpoint is targeted when indexed USB0 registers are accessed. INDEX Target Endpoint 0x0 0 0x1 1 0x2 2 0x3 3 0x4–0xF Reserved Rev. 1.4 145

C8051F320/1 15.4. USB Clock Configuration USB0 is capable of communication as a Full or Low Speed USB function. Communication speed is selected via the SPEED bit in SFR USB0XCN. When operating as a Low Speed function, the USB0 clock must be 6 MHz. When operating as a Full Speed function, the USB0 clock must be 48 MHz. Clock options are described in Section “13. Oscillators” on page 116. The USB0 clock is selected via SFR CLKSEL (see Figure 13.5 on Page 124). Clock Recovery circuitry uses the incoming USB data stream to adjust the internal oscillator; this allows the internal oscillator (and 4x Clock Multiplier) to meet the requirements for USB clock tolerance. Clock Recovery should be used in the following configurations: Communication Speed USB Clock 4x Clock Multiplier Input Full Speed 4x Clock Multiplier Internal Oscillator Low Speed Internal Oscillator/2 N/A When operating USB0 as a Low Speed function with Clock Recovery, software must write ‘1’ to the CRLOW bit to enable Low Speed Clock Recovery. Clock Recovery is typically not necessary in Low Speed mode. Single Step Mode can be used to help the Clock Recovery circuitry to lock when high noise levels are pres- ent on the USB network. This mode is not required (or recommended) in typical USB environments. USB Register Definition 15.5. CLKREC: Clock Recovery Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value CRE CRSSEN CRLOW Reserved 00001001 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x0F Bit7: CRE: Clock Recovery Enable. This bit enables/disables the USB clock recovery feature. 0: Clock recovery disabled. 1: Clock recovery enabled. Bit6: CRSSEN: Clock Recovery Single Step. This bit forces the oscillator calibration into ‘single-step’ mode during clock recovery. 0: Normal calibration mode. 1: Single step mode. Bit5: CRLOW: Low Speed Clock Recovery Mode. This bit must be set to ‘1’ if clock recovery is used when operating as a Low Speed USB device. 0: Full Speed Mode. 1: Low Speed Mode. Bits4–0: Reserved. Read = Variable. Must Write = 1001b. 146 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 15.5. FIFO Management 1024 bytes of on-chip XRAM are used as FIFO space for USB0. This FIFO space is split between End- points0-3 as shown in Figure 15.3. FIFO space allocated for Endpoints1-3 is configurable as IN, OUT, or both (Split Mode: half IN, half OUT). 0x07FF Endpoint0 (64 bytes) 0x07C0 0x07BF Endpoint1 (128 bytes) 0x0740 0x073F Endpoint2 Configurable as (256 bytes) IN, OUT, or both (Split Mode) 0x0640 0x063F Endpoint3 (512 bytes) 0x0440 0x043F Free (64 bytes) 0x0400 USB Clock Domain System Clock Domain 0x03FF User XRAM (1024 bytes) 0x0000 Figure 15.3. USB FIFO Allocation 15.5.1.FIFO Split Mode The FIFO space for Endpoints1-3 can be split such that the upper half of the FIFO space is used by the IN endpoint, and the lower half is used by the OUT endpoint. For example: if the Endpoint3 FIFO is configured for Split Mode, the upper 256 bytes (0x0540 to 0x063F) are used by Endpoint3 IN and the lower 256 bytes (0x0440 to 0x053F) are used by Endpoint3 OUT. If an endpoint FIFO is not configured for Split Mode, that endpoint IN/OUT pair’s FIFOs are combined to form a single IN or OUT FIFO. In this case only one direction of the endpoint IN/OUT pair may be used at a time. The endpoint direction (IN/OUT) is determined by the DIRSEL bit in the corresponding endpoint’s EINCSRH register (see Figure 15.20). Rev. 1.4 147

C8051F320/1 15.5.2.FIFO Double Buffering FIFO slots for Endpoints1-3 can be configured for double-buffered mode. In this mode, the maximum packet size is halved and the FIFO may contain two packets at a time. This mode is available for End- points1-3. When an endpoint is configured for Split Mode, double buffering may be enabled for the IN End- point and/or the OUT endpoint. When Split Mode is not enabled, double-buffering may be enabled for the entire endpoint FIFO. See Table 15.3 for a list of maximum packet sizes for each FIFO configuration. Table 15.3. FIFO Configurations Endpoint Split Mode Maximum IN Packet Size (Double Maximum OUT Packet Size (Double Number Enabled? Buffer Disabled/Enabled) Buffer Disabled/Enabled) 0 N/A 64 N 128/64 1 Y 64/32 64/32 N 256/128 2 Y 128/64 128/64 N 512/256 3 Y 256/128 256/128 15.5.1.FIFO Access Each endpoint FIFO is accessed through a corresponding FIFOn register. A read of an endpoint FIFOn register unloads one byte from the FIFO; a write of an endpoint FIFOn register loads one byte into the end- point FIFO. When an endpoint FIFO is configured for Split Mode, a read of the endpoint FIFOn register unloads one byte from the OUT endpoint FIFO; a write of the endpoint FIFOn register loads one byte into the IN endpoint FIFO. USB Register Definition 15.6. FIFOn: USB0 Endpoint FIFO Access R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value FIFODATA 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x20 - 0x23 USB Addresses 0x20–0x23 provide access to the 4 pairs of endpoint FIFOs: IN/OUT Endpoint FIFO USB Address 0 0x20 1 0x21 2 0x22 3 0x23 Writing to the FIFO address loads data into the IN FIFO for the corresponding endpoint. Reading from the FIFO address unloads data from the OUT FIFO for the corresponding endpoint. 148 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 15.6. Function Addressing The FADDR register holds the current USB0 function address. Software should write the host-assigned 7-bit function address to the FADDR register when received as part of a SET_ADDRESS command. A new address written to FADDR will not take effect (USB0 will not respond to the new address) until the end of the current transfer (typically following the status phase of the SET_ADDRESS command transfer). The UPDATE bit (FADDR.7) is set to ‘1’ by hardware when software writes a new address to the FADDR regis- ter. Hardware clears the UPDATE bit when the new address takes effect as described above. USB Register Definition 15.7. FADDR: USB0 Function Address R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value Update Function Address 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x00 Bit7: Update: Function Address Update Set to ‘1’ when software writes the FADDR register. USB0 clears this bit to ‘0’ when the new address takes effect. 0: The last address written to FADDR is in effect. 1: The last address written to FADDR is not yet in effect. Bits6–0: Function Address Holds the 7-bit function address for USB0. This address should be written by software when the SET_ADDRESS standard device request is received on Endpoint0. The new address takes effect when the device request completes. 15.7. Function Configuration and Control The USB register POWER (Figure 15.8) is used to configure and control USB0 at the device level (enable/ disable, Reset/Suspend/Resume handling, etc.). USB Reset: The USBRST bit (POWER.3) is set to ‘1’ by hardware when Reset signaling is detected on the bus. Upon this detection, the following occur: 1. The USB0 Address is reset (FADDR = 0x00). 2. Endpoint FIFOs are flushed. 3. Control/status registers are reset to 0x00 (E0CSR, EINCSRL, EINCSRH, EOUTCSRL, EOUTCSRH). 4. USB register INDEX is reset to 0x00. 5. All USB interrupts (excluding the Suspend interrupt) are enabled and their corresponding flags cleared. 6. A USB Reset interrupt is generated if enabled. Writing a ‘1’ to the USBRST bit will generate an asynchronous USB0 reset. All USB registers are reset to their default values following this asynchronous reset. Suspend Mode: With Suspend Detection enabled (SUSEN = ‘1’), USB0 will enter Suspend Mode when Suspend signaling is detected on the bus. An interrupt will be generated if enabled (SUSINTE = ‘1’). The Suspend Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) should perform application-specific configuration tasks such as Rev. 1.4 149

C8051F320/1 disabling appropriate peripherals and/or configuring clock sources for low power modes. See Section “13. Oscillators” on page 116 for more details on internal oscillator configuration, including the Suspend mode feature of the internal oscillator. USB0 exits Suspend mode when any of the following occur: (1) Resume signaling is detected or gener- ated, (2) Reset signaling is detected, or (3) a device or USB reset occurs. If suspended, the internal oscil- lator will exit Suspend mode upon any of the above listed events. Resume Signaling: USB0 will exit Suspend mode if Resume signaling is detected on the bus. A Resume interrupt will be generated upon detection if enabled (RESINTE = ‘1’). Software may force a Remote Wakeup by writing ‘1’ to the RESUME bit (POWER.2). When forcing a Remote Wakeup, software should write RESUME = ‘0’ to end Resume signaling 10-15 ms after the Remote Wakeup is initiated (RESUME = ‘1’). ISO Update: When software writes ‘1’ to the ISOUP bit (POWER.7), the ISO Update function is enabled. With ISO Update enabled, new packets written to an ISO IN endpoint will not be transmitted until a new Start-Of-Frame (SOF) is received. If the ISO IN endpoint receives an IN token before a SOF, USB0 will transmit a zero-length packet. When ISOUP = ‘1’, ISO Update is enabled for all ISO endpoints. USB Enable: USB0 is disabled following a Power-On-Reset (POR). USB0 is enabled by clearing the USBINH bit (POWER.4). Once written to ‘0’, the USBINH can only be set to ‘1’ by one of the following: (1) a Power-On-Reset (POR), or (2) an asynchronous USB0 reset generated by writing ‘1’ to the USBRST bit (POWER.3). Software should perform all USB0 configuration before enabling USB0. The configuration sequence should be performed as follows: Step 1. Select and enable the USB clock source. Step 2. Reset USB0 by writing USBRST= ‘1’. Step 3. Configure and enable the USB Transceiver. Step 4. Perform any USB0 function configuration (interrupts, Suspend detect). Step 5. Enable USB0 by writing USBINH = ‘0’. 150 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.8. POWER: USB0 Power R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W Reset Value ISOUD - - USBINH USBRST RESUME SUSMD SUSEN 00010000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x01 Bit7: ISOUD: ISO Update This bit affects all IN Isochronous endpoints. 0: When software writes INPRDY = ‘1’, USB0 will send the packet when the next IN token is received. 1: When software writes INPRDY = ‘1’, USB0 will wait for a SOF token before sending the packet. If an IN token is received before a SOF token, USB0 will send a zero-length data packet. Bits6–5: Unused. Read = 00b. Write = don’t care. Bit4: USBINH: USB0 Inhibit This bit is set to ‘1’ following a power-on reset (POR) or an asynchronous USB0 reset (see Bit3: RESET). Software should clear this bit after all USB0 and transceiver initialization is complete. Software cannot set this bit to ‘1’. 0: USB0 enabled. 1: USB0 inhibited. All USB traffic is ignored. Bit3: USBRST: Reset Detect Writing ‘1’ to this bit forces an asynchronous USB0 reset. Reading this bit provides bus reset status information. Read: 0: Reset signaling is not present on the bus. 1: Reset signaling detected on the bus. Bit2: RESUME: Force Resume Software can force resume signaling on the bus to wake USB0 from suspend mode. Writing a ‘1’ to this bit while in Suspend mode (SUSMD = ‘1’) forces USB0 to generate Resume sig- naling on the bus (a remote Wakeup event). Software should write RESUME = ‘0’ after 10 ms to15 ms to end the Resume signaling. An interrupt is generated, and hardware clears SUSMD, when software writes RESUME = ‘0’. Bit1: SUSMD: Suspend Mode Set to ‘1’ by hardware when USB0 enters suspend mode. Cleared by hardware when soft- ware writes RESUME = ‘0’ (following a remote wakeup) or reads the CMINT register after detection of Resume signaling on the bus. 0: USB0 not in suspend mode. 1: USB0 in suspend mode. Bit0: SUSEN: Suspend Detection Enable 0: Suspend detection disabled. USB0 will ignore suspend signaling on the bus. 1: Suspend detection enabled. USB0 will enter suspend mode if it detects suspend signaling on the bus. Rev. 1.4 151

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.9. FRAMEL: USB0 Frame Number Low R R R R R R R R Reset Value Frame Number Low 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x0C Bits7-0: Frame Number Low This register contains bits7-0 of the last received frame number. USB Register Definition 15.10. FRAMEH: USB0 Frame Number High R R R R R R R R Reset Value - - - - - Frame Number High 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x0D Bits7-3: Unused. Read = 0. Write = don’t care. Bits2-0: Frame Number High Byte This register contains bits10-8 of the last received frame number. 15.8. Interrupts The read-only USB0 interrupt flags are located in the USB registers shown in Figure 15.11 through Figure 15.13. The associated interrupt enable bits are located in the USB registers shown in Figure 15.14 through Figure 15.16. A USB0 interrupt is generated when any of the USB interrupt flags is set to ‘1’. The USB0 interrupt is enabled via the EIE1 SFR (see Section “9.3. Interrupt Handler” on page 87). Note: Reading a USB interrupt flag register resets all flags in that register to ‘0’. 152 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.11. IN1INT: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt R R R R R R R R Reset Value - - - - IN3 IN2 IN1 EP0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x02 Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Bit3: IN3: IN Endpoint 3 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt inactive. 1: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt active. Bit2: IN2: IN Endpoint 2 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt inactive. 1: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt active. Bit1: IN1: IN Endpoint 1 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt inactive. 1: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt active. Bit0: EP0: Endpoint 0 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the IN1INT register. 0: Endpoint 0 interrupt inactive. 1: Endpoint 0 interrupt active. Rev. 1.4 153

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.12. OUT1INT: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt R R R R R R R R Reset Value - - - - OUT3 OUT2 OUT1 - 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x04 Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Bit3: OUT3: OUT Endpoint 3 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register. 0: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt inactive. 1: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt active. Bit2: OUT2: OUT Endpoint 2 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register. 0: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt inactive. 1: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt active. Bit1: OUT1: OUT Endpoint 1 Interrupt-pending Flag This bit is cleared when software reads the OUT1INT register. 0: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt inactive. 1: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt active. Bit0: Unused. Read = 0b; Write = don’t care. 154 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.13. CMINT: USB0 Common Interrupt R R R R R R R R Reset Value - - - - SOF RSTINT RSUINT SUSINT 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x06 Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b; Write = don’t care. Bit3: SOF: Start of Frame Interrupt Set by hardware when a SOF token is received. This interrupt event is synthesized by hard- ware: an interrupt will be generated when hardware expects to receive a SOF event, even if the actual SOF signal is missed or corrupted. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: SOF interrupt inactive. 1: SOF interrupt active. Bit2: RSTINT: Reset Interrupt-pending Flag Set by hardware when Reset signaling is detected on the bus. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: Reset interrupt inactive. 1: Reset interrupt active. Bit1: RSUINT: Resume Interrupt-pending Flag Set by hardware when Resume signaling is detected on the bus while USB0 is in suspend mode. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: Resume interrupt inactive. 1: Resume interrupt active. Bit0: SUSINT: Suspend Interrupt-pending Flag When Suspend detection is enabled (bit SUSEN in register POWER), this bit is set by hard- ware when Suspend signaling is detected on the bus. This bit is cleared when software reads the CMINT register. 0: Suspend interrupt inactive. 1: Suspend interrupt active. Rev. 1.4 155

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.14. IN1IE: USB0 IN Endpoint Interrupt Enable R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - IN3E IN2E IN1E EP0E 00001111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x07 Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Bit3: IN3E: IN Endpoint 3 Interrupt Enable 0: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt disabled. 1: IN Endpoint 3 interrupt enabled. Bit2: IN2E: IN Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable 0: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt disabled. 1: IN Endpoint 2 interrupt enabled. Bit1: IN1E: IN Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable 0: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt disabled. 1: IN Endpoint 1 interrupt enabled. Bit0: EP0E: Endpoint 0 Interrupt Enable 0: Endpoint 0 interrupt disabled. 1: Endpoint 0 interrupt enabled. USB Register Definition 15.15. OUT1IE: USB0 Out Endpoint Interrupt Enable R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - OUT3E OUT2E OUT1E - 00001110 USB Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Address: 0x09 Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care. Bit3: OUT3E: OUT Endpoint 3 Interrupt Enable 0: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt disabled. 1: OUT Endpoint 3 interrupt enabled. Bit2: OUT2E: OUT Endpoint 2 Interrupt Enable 0: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt disabled. 1: OUT Endpoint 2 interrupt enabled. Bit1: OUT1E: OUT Endpoint 1 Interrupt Enable 0: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt disabled. 1: OUT Endpoint 1 interrupt enabled. Bit0: Unused. Read = 0b; Write = don’t’ care. 156 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.16. CMIE: USB0 Common Interrupt Enable R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - - - - SOFE RSTINTE RSUINTE SUSINTE 00000110 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x0B Bits7–4: Unused. Read = 0000b; Write = don’t care. Bit3: SOFE: Start of Frame Interrupt Enable 0: SOF interrupt disabled. 1: SOF interrupt enabled. Bit2: RSTINTE: Reset Interrupt Enable 0: Reset interrupt disabled. 1: Reset interrupt enabled. Bit1: RSUINTE: Resume Interrupt Enable 0: Resume interrupt disabled. 1: Resume interrupt enabled. Bit0: SUSINTE: Suspend Interrupt Enable 0: Suspend interrupt disabled. 1: Suspend interrupt enabled. 15.9. The Serial Interface Engine The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) performs all low level USB protocol tasks, interrupting the processor when data has successfully been transmitted or received. When receiving data, the SIE will interrupt the processor when a complete data packet has been received; appropriate handshaking signals are automat- ically generated by the SIE. When transmitting data, the SIE will interrupt the processor when a complete data packet has been transmitted and the appropriate handshake signal has been received. The SIE will not interrupt the processor when corrupted/erroneous packets are received. 15.10.Endpoint0 Endpoint0 is managed through the USB register E0CSR (Figure 15.17). The INDEX register must be loaded with 0x00 to access the E0CSR register. An Endpoint0 interrupt is generated when: 1. A data packet (OUT or SETUP) has been received and loaded into the Endpoint0 FIFO. The OPRDY bit (E0CSR.0) is set to ‘1’ by hardware. 2. An IN data packet has successfully been unloaded from the Endpoint0 FIFO and transmitted to the host; INPRDY is reset to ‘0’ by hardware. 3. An IN transaction is completed (this interrupt generated during the status stage of the transac- tion). 4. Hardware sets the STSTL bit (E0CSR.2) after a control transaction ended due to a protocol violation. 5. Hardware sets the SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) because a control transfer ended before firmware sets the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3). Rev. 1.4 157

C8051F320/1 The E0CNT register (Figure 15.18) holds the number of received data bytes in the Endpoint0 FIFO. Hardware will automatically detect protocol errors and send a STALL condition in response. Firmware may force a STALL condition to abort the current transfer. When a STALL condition is generated, the STSTL bit will be set to ‘1’ and an interrupt generated. The following conditions will cause hardware to generate a STALL condition: 1. The host sends an OUT token during a OUT data phase after the DATAEND bit has been set to ‘1’. 2. The host sends an IN token during an IN data phase after the DATAEND bit has been set to ‘1’. 3. The host sends a packet that exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0. 4. The host sends a non-zero length DATA1 packet during the status phase of an IN transaction. Firmware sets the SDSTL bit (E0CSR.5) to ‘1’. 15.10.1.Endpoint0 SETUP Transactions All control transfers must begin with a SETUP packet. SETUP packets are similar to OUT packets, contain- ing an 8-byte data field sent by the host. Any SETUP packet containing a command field of anything other than 8 bytes will be automatically rejected by USB0. An Endpoint0 interrupt is generated when the data from a SETUP packet is loaded into the Endpoint0 FIFO. Software should unload the command from the Endpoint0 FIFO, decode the command, perform any necessary tasks, and set the SOPRDY bit to indicate that it has serviced the OUT packet. 15.10.2.Endpoint0 IN Transactions When a SETUP request is received that requires USB0 to transmit data to the host, one or more IN requests will be sent by the host. For the first IN transaction, firmware should load an IN packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO, and set the INPRDY bit (E0CSR.1). An interrupt will be generated when an IN packet is transmitted successfully. Note that no interrupt will be generated if an IN request is received before firm- ware has loaded a packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO. If the requested data exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0 (as reported to the host), the data should be split into multiple packets; each packet should be of the maximum packet size excluding the last (residual) packet. If the requested data is an inte- ger multiple of the maximum packet size for Endpoint0, the last data packet should be a zero-length packet signaling the end of the transfer. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit to ‘1’ after loading into the End- point0 FIFO the last data packet for a transfer. Upon reception of the first IN token for a particular control transfer, Endpoint0 is said to be in Transmit Mode. In this mode, only IN tokens should be sent by the host to Endpoint0. The SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) is set to ‘1’ if a SETUP or OUT token is received while Endpoint0 is in Transmit Mode. Endpoint0 will remain in Transmit Mode until any of the following occur: 1. USB0 receives an Endpoint0 SETUP or OUT token. 2. Firmware sends a packet less than the maximum Endpoint0 packet size. 3. Firmware sends a zero-length packet. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3) to ‘1’ when performing (2) and (3) above. The SIE will transmit a NAK in response to an IN token if there is no packet ready in the IN FIFO (INPRDY = ‘0’). 158 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 15.10.3.Endpoint0 OUT Transactions When a SETUP request is received that requires the host to transmit data to USB0, one or more OUT requests will be sent by the host. When an OUT packet is successfully received by USB0, hardware will set the OPRDY bit (E0CSR.0) to ‘1’ and generate an Endpoint0 interrupt. Following this interrupt, firmware should unload the OUT packet from the Endpoint0 FIFO and set the SOPRDY bit (E0CSR.6) to ‘1’. If the amount of data required for the transfer exceeds the maximum packet size for Endpoint0, the data will be split into multiple packets. If the requested data is an integer multiple of the maximum packet size for Endpoint0 (as reported to the host), the host will send a zero-length data packet signaling the end of the transfer. Upon reception of the first OUT token for a particular control transfer, Endpoint0 is said to be in Receive Mode. In this mode, only OUT tokens should be sent by the host to Endpoint0. The SUEND bit (E0CSR.4) is set to ‘1’ if a SETUP or IN token is received while Endpoint0 is in Receive Mode. Endpoint0 will remain in Receive mode until: 1. The SIE receives a SETUP or IN token. 2. The host sends a packet less than the maximum Endpoint0 packet size. 3. The host sends a zero-length packet. Firmware should set the DATAEND bit (E0CSR.3) to ‘1’ when the expected amount of data has been received. The SIE will transmit a STALL condition if the host sends an OUT packet after the DATAEND bit has been set by firmware. An interrupt will be generated with the STSTL bit (E0CSR.2) set to ‘1’ after the STALL is transmitted. Rev. 1.4 159

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.17. E0CSR: USB0 Endpoint0 Control R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R Reset Value SSUEND SOPRDY SDSTL SUEND DATAEND STSTL INPRDY OPRDY 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x11 Bit7: SSUEND: Serviced Setup End Write: Software should set this bit to ‘1’ after servicing a Setup End (bit SUEND) event. Hardware clears the SUEND bit when software writes ‘1’ to SSUEND. Read: This bit always reads ‘0’. Bit6: SOPRDY: Serviced OPRDY Write: Software should write ‘1’ to this bit after servicing a received Endpoint0 packet. The OPRDY bit will be cleared by a write of ‘1’ to SOPRDY. Read: This bit always reads ‘0’. Bit5: SDSTL: Send Stall Software can write ‘1’ to this bit to terminate the current transfer (due to an error condition, unexpected transfer request, etc.). Hardware will clear this bit to ‘0’ when the STALL hand- shake is transmitted. Bit4: SUEND: Setup End Hardware sets this read-only bit to ‘1’ when a control transaction ends before software has written ‘1’ to the DATAEND bit. Hardware clears this bit when software writes ‘1’ to SSU- END. Bit3: DATAEND: Data End Software should write ‘1’ to this bit: 1. When writing ‘1’ to INPRDY for the last outgoing data packet. 2. When writing ‘1’ to INPRDY for a zero-length data packet. 3. When writing ‘1’ to SOPRDY after servicing the last incoming data packet. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware. Bit2: STSTL: Sent Stall Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ after transmitting a STALL handshake signal. This flag must be cleared by software. Bit1: INPRDY: IN Packet Ready Software should write ‘1’ to this bit after loading a data packet into the Endpoint0 FIFO for transmit. Hardware clears this bit and generates an interrupt under either of the following conditions: 1. The packet is transmitted. 2. The packet is overwritten by an incoming SETUP packet. 3. The packet is overwritten by an incoming OUT packet. Bit0: OPRDY: OUT Packet Ready Hardware sets this read-only bit and generates an interrupt when a data packet has been received. This bit is cleared only when software writes ‘1’ to the SOPRDY bit. 160 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.18. E0CNT: USB0 Endpoint 0 Data Count R R R R R R R R Reset Value - E0CNT 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x16 Bit7: Unused. Read = 0b; Write = don’t care. Bits6–0: E0CNT: Endpoint 0 Data Count This 7-bit number indicates the number of received data bytes in the Endpoint 0 FIFO. This number is only valid while bit OPRDY is a ‘1’. 15.11. Configuring Endpoints1–3 Endpoints1-3 are configured and controlled through their own sets of the following control/status registers: IN registers EINCSRL and EINCSRH, and OUT registers EOUTCSRL and EOUTCSRH. Only one set of endpoint control/status registers is mapped into the USB register address space at a time, defined by the contents of the INDEX register (Figure 15.4). Endpoints1-3 can be configured as IN, OUT, or both IN/OUT (Split Mode) as described in Section 15.5.1. The endpoint mode (Split/Normal) is selected via the SPLIT bit in register EINCSRH. When SPLIT = ‘1’, the corresponding endpoint FIFO is split, and both IN and OUT pipes are available. When SPLIT = ‘0’, the corresponding endpoint functions as either IN or OUT; the endpoint direction is selected by the DIRSEL bit in register EINCSRH. 15.12.Controlling Endpoints1–3 IN Endpoints1-3 IN are managed via USB registers EINCSRL and EINCSRH. All IN endpoints can be used for Interrupt, Bulk, or Isochronous transfers. Isochronous (ISO) mode is enabled by writing ‘1’ to the ISO bit in register EINCSRH. Bulk and Interrupt transfers are handled identically by hardware. An Endpoint1-3 IN interrupt is generated by any of the following conditions: 1. An IN packet is successfully transferred to the host. 2. Software writes ‘1’ to the FLUSH bit (EINCSRL.3) when the target FIFO is not empty. 3. Hardware generates a STALL condition. 15.12.1.Endpoints1-3 IN Interrupt or Bulk Mode When the ISO bit (EINCSRH.6) = ‘0’ the target endpoint operates in Bulk or Interrupt Mode. Once an end- point has been configured to operate in Bulk/Interrupt IN mode (typically following an Endpoint0 SET_IN- TERFACE command), firmware should load an IN packet into the endpoint IN FIFO and set the INPRDY bit (EINCSRL.0). Upon reception of an IN token, hardware will transmit the data, clear the INPRDY bit, and generate an interrupt. Writing ‘1’ to INPRDY without writing any data to the endpoint FIFO will cause a zero-length packet to be transmitted upon reception of the next IN token. Rev. 1.4 161

C8051F320/1 A Bulk or Interrupt pipe can be shut down (or Halted) by writing ‘1’ to the SDSTL bit (EINCSRL.4). While SDSTL = ‘1’, hardware will respond to all IN requests with a STALL condition. Each time hardware gener- ates a STALL condition, an interrupt will be generated and the STSTL bit (EINCSRL.5) set to ‘1’. The STSTL bit must be reset to ‘0’ by firmware. Hardware will automatically reset INPRDY to ‘0’ when a packet slot is open in the endpoint FIFO. Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for firmware to load two packets into the IN FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will reset INPRDY to ‘0’ immediately after firmware loads the first packet into the FIFO and sets INPRDY to ‘1’. An interrupt will not be generated in this case; an interrupt will only be generated when a data packet is transmitted. When firmware writes ‘1’ to the FCDT bit (EINCSRH.3), the data toggle for each IN packet will be toggled continuously, regardless of the handshake received from the host. This feature is typically used by Inter- rupt endpoints functioning as rate feedback communication for Isochronous endpoints. When FCDT = ‘0’, the data toggle bit will only be toggled when an ACK is sent from the host in response to an IN packet. 15.12.2.Endpoints1-3 IN Isochronous Mode When the ISO bit (EINCSRH.6) is set to ‘1’, the target endpoint operates in Isochronous (ISO) mode. Once an endpoint has been configured for ISO IN mode, the host will send one IN token (data request) per frame; the location of data within each frame may vary. Because of this, it is recommended that double buffering be enabled for ISO IN endpoints. Hardware will automatically reset INPRDY (EINCSRL.0) to ‘0’ when a packet slot is open in the endpoint FIFO. Note that if double buffering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for firmware to load two packets into the IN FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will reset INPRDY to ‘0’ immediately after firm- ware loads the first packet into the FIFO and sets INPRDY to ‘1’. An interrupt will not be generated in this case; an interrupt will only be generated when a data packet is transmitted. If there is not a data packet ready in the endpoint FIFO when USB0 receives an IN token from the host, USB0 will transmit a zero-length data packet and set the UNDRUN bit (EINCSRL.2) to ‘1’. The ISO Update feature (see Section 15.7) can be useful in starting a double buffered ISO IN endpoint. If the host has already set up the ISO IN pipe (has begun transmitting IN tokens) when firmware writes the first data packet to the endpoint FIFO, the next IN token may arrive and the first data packet sent before firmware has written the second (double buffered) data packet to the FIFO. The ISO Update feature ensures that any data packet written to the endpoint FIFO will not be transmitted during the current frame; the packet will only be sent after a SOF signal has been received. 162 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.19. EINCSRL: USB0 IN Endpoint Control Low Byte R W R/W R/W W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value - CLRDT STSTL SDSTL FLUSH UNDRUN FIFONE INPRDY 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x11 Bit7: Unused. Read = 0b; Write = don’t care. Bit6: CLRDT: Clear Data Toggle. Write: Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to reset the IN Endpoint data toggle to ‘0’. Read: This bit always reads ‘0’. Bit5: STSTL: Sent Stall Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ when a STALL handshake signal is transmitted. The FIFO is flushed, and the INPRDY bit cleared. This flag must be cleared by software. Bit4: SDSTL: Send Stall. Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to generate a STALL handshake in response to an IN token. Software should write ‘0’ to this bit to terminate the STALL signal. This bit has no effect in ISO mode. Bit3: FLUSH: FIFO Flush. Writing a ‘1’ to this bit flushes the next packet to be transmitted from the IN Endpoint FIFO. The FIFO pointer is reset and the INPRDY bit is cleared. If the FIFO contains multiple pack- ets, software must write ‘1’ to FLUSH for each packet. Hardware resets the FLUSH bit to ‘0’ when the FIFO flush is complete. Bit2: UNDRUN: Data Underrun. The function of this bit depends on the IN Endpoint mode: ISO: Set when a zero-length packet is sent after an IN token is received while bit INPRDY = ‘0’. Interrupt/Bulk: Set when a NAK is returned in response to an IN token. This bit must be cleared by software. Bit1: FIFONE: FIFO Not Empty. 0: The IN Endpoint FIFO is empty. 1. The IN Endpoint FIFO contains one or more packets. Bit0: INPRDY: In Packet Ready. Software should write ‘1’ to this bit after loading a data packet into the IN Endpoint FIFO. Hardware clears INPRDY due to any of the following: 1. A data packet is transmitted. 2. Double buffering is enabled (DBIEN = ‘1’) and there is an open FIFO packet slot. 3. If the endpoint is in Isochronous Mode (ISO = ‘1’) and ISOUD = ‘1’, INPRDY will read ‘0’ until the next SOF is received. An interrupt (if enabled) will be generated when hardware clears INPRDY as a result of a packet being transmitted. Rev. 1.4 163

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.20. EINCSRH: USB0 IN Endpoint Control High Byte R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W R R Reset Value DBIEN ISO DIRSEL - FCDT SPLIT - - 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x12 Bit7: DBIEN: IN Endpoint Double-buffer Enable. 0: Double-buffering disabled for the selected IN endpoint. 1: Double-buffering enabled for the selected IN endpoint. Bit6: ISO: Isochronous Transfer Enable. This bit enables/disables isochronous transfers on the current endpoint. 0: Endpoint configured for bulk/interrupt transfers. 1: Endpoint configured for isochronous transfers. Bit5: DIRSEL: Endpoint Direction Select. This bit is valid only when the selected FIFO is not split (SPLIT = ‘0’). 0: Endpoint direction selected as OUT. 1: Endpoint direction selected as IN. Bit4: Unused. Read = ‘0b’. Write = don’t care. Bit3: FCDT: Force Data Toggle. 0: Endpoint data toggle switches only when an ACK is received following a data packet transmission. 1: Endpoint data toggle forced to switch after every data packet is transmitted, regardless of ACK reception. Bit2: SPLIT: FIFO Split Enable. When SPLIT = ‘1’, the selected endpoint FIFO is split. The upper half of the selected FIFO is used by the IN endpoint; the lower half of the selected FIFO is used by the OUT endpoint. Bits1–0: Unused. Read = 00b; Write = don’t care. 15.13.Controlling Endpoints1–3 OUT Endpoints1-3 OUT are managed via USB registers EOUTCSRL and EOUTCSRH. All OUT endpoints can be used for Interrupt, Bulk, or Isochronous transfers. Isochronous (ISO) mode is enabled by writing ‘1’ to the ISO bit in register EOUTCSRH. Bulk and Interrupt transfers are handled identically by hardware. An Endpoint1-3 OUT interrupt may be generated by the following: 1. Hardware sets the OPRDY bit (EINCSRL.0) to ‘1’. 2. Hardware generates a STALL condition. 15.13.1.Endpoints1-3 OUT Interrupt or Bulk Mode When the ISO bit (EOUTCSRH.6) = ‘0’ the target endpoint operates in Bulk or Interrupt mode. Once an endpoint has been configured to operate in Bulk/Interrupt OUT mode (typically following an Endpoint0 SET_INTERFACE command), hardware will set the OPRDY bit (EOUTCSRL.0) to ‘1’ and generate an interrupt upon reception of an OUT token and data packet. The number of bytes in the current OUT data packet (the packet ready to be unloaded from the FIFO) is given in the EOUTCNTH and EOUTCNTL reg- isters. In response to this interrupt, firmware should unload the data packet from the OUT FIFO and reset the OPRDY bit to ‘0’. 164 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 A Bulk or Interrupt pipe can be shut down (or Halted) by writing ‘1’ to the SDSTL bit (EOUTCSRL.5). While SDSTL = ‘1’, hardware will respond to all OUT requests with a STALL condition. Each time hardware gen- erates a STALL condition, an interrupt will be generated and the STSTL bit (EOUTCSRL.6) set to ‘1’. The STSTL bit must be reset to ‘0’ by firmware. Hardware will automatically set OPRDY when a packet is ready in the OUT FIFO. Note that if double buff- ering is enabled for the target endpoint, it is possible for two packets to be ready in the OUT FIFO at a time. In this case, hardware will set OPRDY to ‘1’ immediately after firmware unloads the first packet and resets OPRDY to ‘0’. A second interrupt will be generated in this case. 15.13.2.Endpoints1-3 OUT Isochronous Mode When the ISO bit (EOUTCSRH.6) is set to ‘1’, the target endpoint operates in Isochronous (ISO) mode. Once an endpoint has been configured for ISO OUT mode, the host will send exactly one data per USB frame; the location of the data packet within each frame may vary, however. Because of this, it is recom- mended that double buffering be enabled for ISO OUT endpoints. Each time a data packet is received, hardware will load the received data packet into the endpoint FIFO, set the OPRDY bit (EOUTCSRL.0) to ‘1’, and generate an interrupt (if enabled). Firmware would typically use this interrupt to unload the data packet from the endpoint FIFO and reset the OPRDY bit to ‘0’. If a data packet is received when there is no room in the endpoint FIFO, an interrupt will be generated and the OVRUN bit (EOUTCSRL.2) set to ‘1’. If USB0 receives an ISO data packet with a CRC error, the data packet will be loaded into the endpoint FIFO, OPRDY will be set to ‘1’, an interrupt (if enabled) will be gen- erated, and the DATAERR bit (EOUTCSRL.3) will be set to ‘1’. Software should check the DATAERR bit each time a data packet is unloaded from an ISO OUT endpoint FIFO. Rev. 1.4 165

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.21. EOUTCSRL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control High Byte W R/W R/W W R R/W R R/W Reset Value CLRDT STSTL SDSTL FLUSH DATERR OVRUN FIFOFUL OPRDY 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x14 Bit7: CLRDT: Clear Data Toggle Write: Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to reset the OUT endpoint data toggle to ‘0’. Read: This bit always reads ‘0’. Bit6: STSTL: Sent Stall Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ when a STALL handshake signal is transmitted. This flag must be cleared by software. Bit5: SDSTL: Send Stall Software should write ‘1’ to this bit to generate a STALL handshake. Software should write ‘0’ to this bit to terminate the STALL signal. This bit has no effect in ISO mode. Bit4: FLUSH: FIFO Flush Writing a ‘1’ to this bit flushes the next packet to be read from the OUT endpoint FIFO. The FIFO pointer is reset and the OPRDY bit is cleared. If the FIFO contains multiple packets, software must write ‘1’ to FLUSH for each packet. Hardware resets the FLUSH bit to ‘0’ when the FIFO flush is complete. Bit3: DATERR: Data Error In ISO mode, this bit is set by hardware if a received packet has a CRC or bit-stuffing error. It is cleared when software clears OPRDY. This bit is only valid in ISO mode. Bit2: OVRUN: Data Overrun This bit is set by hardware when an incoming data packet cannot be loaded into the OUT endpoint FIFO. This bit is only valid in ISO mode, and must be cleared by software. 0: No data overrun. 1: A data packet was lost because of a full FIFO since this flag was last cleared. Bit1: FIFOFUL: OUT FIFO Full This bit indicates the contents of the OUT FIFO. If double buffering is enabled for the end- point (DBIEN = ‘1’), the FIFO is full when the FIFO contains two packets. If DBIEN = ‘0’, the FIFO is full when the FIFO contains one packet. 0: OUT endpoint FIFO is not full. 1: OUT endpoint FIFO is full. Bit0: OPRDY: OUT Packet Ready Hardware sets this bit to ‘1’ and generates an interrupt when a data packet is available. Soft- ware should clear this bit after each data packet is unloaded from the OUT endpoint FIFO. 166 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 USB Register Definition 15.22. EOUTCSRH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Control Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R R Reset Value DBOEN ISO - - - - - - 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x15 Bit7: DBOEN: Double-buffer Enable 0: Double-buffering disabled for the selected OUT endpoint. 1: Double-buffering enabled for the selected OUT endpoint. Bit6: ISO: Isochronous Transfer Enable This bit enables/disables isochronous transfers on the current endpoint. 0: Endpoint configured for bulk/interrupt transfers. 1: Endpoint configured for isochronous transfers. Bits5–0: Unused. Read = 000000b; Write = don’t care. USB Register Definition 15.23. EOUTCNTL: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count Low R R R R R R R R Reset Value EOCL 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x16 Bits7–0: EOCL: OUT Endpoint Count Low Byte EOCL holds the lower 8-bits of the 10-bit number of data bytes in the last received packet in the current OUT endpoint FIFO. This number is only valid while OPRDY = ‘1’. USB Register Definition 15.24. EOUTCNTH: USB0 OUT Endpoint Count High R R R R R R R R Reset Value - - - - - - E0CH 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 USB Address: 0x17 Bits7–2: Unused. Read = 000000b. Write = don’t care. Bits1–0: EOCH: OUT Endpoint Count High Byte EOCH holds the upper 2-bits of the 10-bit number of data bytes in the last received packet in the current OUT endpoint FIFO. This number is only valid while OPRDY = ‘1’. Rev. 1.4 167

C8051F320/1 Table 15.4. USB Transceiver Electrical Characteristics V = 3.0 to 3.6V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified. DD Parameters Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Units Transmitter Output High Voltage V 2.8 V OH Output Low Voltage V 0.8 V OL Output Crossover Point V 1.3 2.0 V CRS Driving High 38 W Output Impedance Z DRV Driving Low 38 Full Speed (D+ Pull-up) 1.425 1.5 1.575 kΩ Pull-up Resistance R PU Low Speed (D– Pull-up) 1.425 1.5 1.575 kΩ Low Speed 75 300 ns Output Rise Time T R Full Speed 4 20 Low Speed 75 300 ns Output Fall Time T F Full Speed 4 20 Receiver Differential Input | (D+) – (D–) | 0.2 V V DI Sensitivity Differential Input Com- 0.8 2.5 V V mon Mode Range CM Input Leakage Current I Pullups Disabled <1.0 µA L Note: Refer to the USB Specification for timing diagrams and symbol definitions. 168 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 16. SMBus The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus. Reads and writes to the interface by the system controller are byte oriented with the SMBus interface autonomously controlling the serial transfer of the data. Data can be transferred at up to 1/20th of the system clock as a master or slave (this can be faster than allowed by the SMBus specification, depending on the system clock used). A method of extending the clock-low duration is available to accommodate devices with different speed capabilities on the same bus. The SMBus interface may operate as a master and/or slave, and may function on a bus with multiple mas- ters. The SMBus provides control of SDA (serial data), SCL (serial clock) generation and synchronization, arbitration logic, and START/STOP control and generation. Three SFRs are associated with the SMBus: SMB0CF configures the SMBus; SMB0CN controls the status of the SMBus; and SMB0DAT is the data register, used for both transmitting and receiving SMBus data and slave addresses. SMB0CN SMB0CF MT S S A A A S E I B E S S S S A X T T CRC I NNUXMMMM SMAOK B K SHS T B B B B TO R L M YHT F CC ED QO B OOT S S RE S L E E 1 0 T D 00 T0 Overflow 01 T1 Overflow 10 TMR2H Overflow 11 TMR2L Overflow SCL SMBUS CONTROL LOGIC FILTER Arbitration Interrupt SCL Synchronization SCL Request SCL Generation (Master Mode) Control N C R SDA Control Data Path SDA O IRQ Generation Control Control S Port I/O S B A R SMB0DAT SDA 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FILTER N Figure 16.1. SMBus Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 169

C8051F320/1 16.1. Supporting Documents It is assumed the reader is familiar with or has access to the following supporting documents: 1. The I2C-Bus and How to Use It (including specifications), Philips Semiconductor. 2. The I2C-Bus Specification -- Version 2.0, Philips Semiconductor. 3. System Management Bus Specification -- Version 1.1, SBS Implementers Forum. 16.2. SMBus Configuration Figure 16.2 shows a typical SMBus configuration. The SMBus specification allows any recessive voltage between 3.0 V and 5.0 V; different devices on the bus may operate at different voltage levels. The bi-direc- tional SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) lines must be connected to a positive power supply voltage through a pull-up resistor or similar circuit. Every device connected to the bus must have an open-drain or open-collector output for both the SCL and SDA lines, so that both are pulled high (recessive state) when the bus is free. The maximum number of devices on the bus is limited only by the requirement that the rise and fall times on the bus not exceed 300 ns and 1000 ns, respectively. VDD = 5V VDD = 3V VDD = 5V VDD = 3V Master Slave Slave Device Device 1 Device 2 SDA SCL Figure 16.2. Typical SMBus Configuration 16.3. SMBus Operation Two types of data transfers are possible: data transfers from a master transmitter to an addressed slave receiver (WRITE), and data transfers from an addressed slave transmitter to a master receiver (READ). The master device initiates both types of data transfers and provides the serial clock pulses on SCL. The SMBus interface may operate as a master or a slave, and multiple master devices on the same bus are supported. If two or more masters attempt to initiate a data transfer simultaneously, an arbitration scheme is employed with a single master always winning the arbitration. Note that it is not necessary to specify one device as the Master in a system; any device who transmits a START and a slave address becomes the master for the duration of that transfer. A typical SMBus transaction consists of a START condition followed by an address byte (Bits7-1: 7-bit slave address; Bit0: R/W direction bit), one or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Each byte that is received (by a master or slave) must be acknowledged (ACK) with a low SDA during a high SCL (see Figure 16.3). If the receiving device does not ACK, the transmitting device will read a NACK (not acknowl- edge), which is a high SDA during a high SCL. The direction bit (R/W) occupies the least-significant bit position of the address byte. The direction bit is set to logic 1 to indicate a "READ" operation and cleared to logic 0 to indicate a "WRITE" operation. 170 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 All transactions are initiated by a master, with one or more addressed slave devices as the target. The master generates the START condition and then transmits the slave address and direction bit. If the trans- action is a WRITE operation from the master to the slave, the master transmits the data a byte at a time waiting for an ACK from the slave at the end of each byte. For READ operations, the slave transmits the data waiting for an ACK from the master at the end of each byte. At the end of the data transfer, the master generates a STOP condition to terminate the transaction and free the bus. Figure 16.3 illustrates a typical SMBus transaction. SCL SDA SLA6 SLA5-0 R/W D7 D6-0 START Slave Address + R/W ACK Data Byte NACK STOP Figure 16.3. SMBus Transaction 16.3.1.Arbitration A master may start a transfer only if the bus is free. The bus is free after a STOP condition or after the SCL and SDA lines remain high for a specified time (see Section “16.3.4. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout” on page 172). In the event that two or more devices attempt to begin a transfer at the same time, an arbitra- tion scheme is employed to force one master to give up the bus. The master devices continue transmitting until one attempts a HIGH while the other transmits a LOW. Since the bus is open-drain, the bus will be pulled LOW. The master attempting the HIGH will detect a LOW SDA and lose the arbitration. The winning master continues its transmission without interruption; the losing master becomes a slave and receives the rest of the transfer if addressed. This arbitration scheme is non-destructive: one device always wins, and no data is lost. 16.3.2.Clock Low Extension SMBus provides a clock synchronization mechanism, similar to I2C, which allows devices with different speed capabilities to coexist on the bus. A clock-low extension is used during a transfer in order to allow slower slave devices to communicate with faster masters. The slave may temporarily hold the SCL line LOW to extend the clock low period, effectively decreasing the serial clock frequency. 16.3.3.SCL Low Timeout If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is possible. Furthermore, the master cannot force the SCL line high to correct the error condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus protocol specifies that devices participating in a transfer must detect any clock cycle held low longer than 25 ms as a “timeout” condition. Devices that have detected the timeout condition must reset the communi- cation no later than 10 ms after detecting the timeout condition. When the SMBTOE bit in SMB0CF is set, Timer 3 is used to detect SCL low timeouts. Timer 3 is forced to reload when SCL is high, and allowed to count when SCL is low. With Timer 3 enabled and configured to overflow after 25 ms (and SMBTOE set), the Timer 3 interrupt service routine can be used to reset (disable and re-enable) the SMBus in the event of an SCL low timeout. Rev. 1.4 171

C8051F320/1 16.3.4.SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout The SMBus specification stipulates that if the SCL and SDA lines remain high for more that 50 µs, the bus is designated as free. When the SMBFTE bit in SMB0CF is set, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods. If the SMBus is waiting to generate a Master START, the START will be generated following this timeout. Note that a clock source is required for free timeout detection, even in a slave-only implementation. 16.4. Using the SMBus The SMBus can operate in both Master and Slave modes. The interface provides timing and shifting con- trol for serial transfers; higher level protocol is determined by user software. The SMBus interface provides the following application-independent features: • Byte-wise serial data transfers • Clock signal generation on SCL (Master Mode only) and SDA data synchronization • Timeout/bus error recognition, as defined by the SMB0CF configuration register • START/STOP timing, detection, and generation • Bus arbitration • Interrupt generation • Status information SMBus interrupts are generated for each data byte or slave address that is transferred. When transmitting, this interrupt is generated after the ACK cycle so that software may read the received ACK value; when receiving data, this interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle so that software may define the outgoing ACK value. See Section “16.5. SMBus Transfer Modes” on page 180 for more details on transmission sequences. Interrupts are also generated to indicate the beginning of a transfer when a master (START generated), or the end of a transfer when a slave (STOP detected). Software should read the SMB0CN (SMBus Control register) to find the cause of the SMBus interrupt. The SMB0CN register is described in Section “16.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register” on page 176; Table 16.4 provides a quick SMB0CN decoding refer- ence. SMBus configuration options include: • Timeout detection (SCL Low Timeout and/or Bus Free Timeout) • SDA setup and hold time extensions • Slave event enable/disable • Clock source selection These options are selected in the SMB0CF register, as described in Section “16.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register” on page 173. 172 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 16.4.1.SMBus Configuration Register The SMBus Configuration register (SMB0CF) is used to enable the SMBus Master and/or Slave modes, select the SMBus clock source, and select the SMBus timing and timeout options. When the ENSMB bit is set, the SMBus is enabled for all master and slave events. Slave events may be disabled by setting the INH bit. With slave events inhibited, the SMBus interface will still monitor the SCL and SDA pins; however, the interface will NACK all received addresses and will not generate any slave interrupts. When the INH bit is set, all slave events will be inhibited following the next START (interrupts will continue for the duration of the current transfer). Table 16.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection SMBCS SMBCS SMBus Clock Source 1 0 0 0 Timer 0 Overflow 0 1 Timer 1 Overflow 1 0 Timer 2 High Byte Overflow 1 1 Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow The SMBCS1-0 bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used only when operating as a master or when the Free Timeout detection is enabled. When operating as a master, overflows from the selected source determine the absolute minimum SCL low and high times as defined in Equation 16.1. Note that the selected clock source may be shared by other peripherals so long as the timer is left running at all times. For example, Timer 1 overflows may generate the SMBus and UART baud rates simultaneously. Timer configuration is covered in Section “19. Timers” on page 209. Equation 16.1. Minimum SCL High and Low Times 1 T = T = ---------------------------------------------- HighMin LowMin f ClockSourceOverflow The selected clock source should be configured to establish the minimum SCL High and Low times as per Equation 16.1. When the interface is operating as a master (and SCL is not driven or extended by any other devices on the bus), the typical SMBus bit rate is approximated by Equation 16.2. Equation 16.2. Typical SMBus Bit Rate f BitRate = --C----l-o---c--k--S---o--u---r--c--e--O----v--e--r--f--l-o---w-- 3 Rev. 1.4 173

C8051F320/1 Figure 16.4 shows the typical SCL generation described by Equation 16.2. Notice that T is typically HIGH twice as large as T . The actual SCL output may vary due to other devices on the bus (SCL may be LOW extended low by slower slave devices, or driven low by contending master devices). The bit rate when operating as a master will never exceed the limits defined by equation Equation 16.1. Timer Source Overflows SCL T T SCL High Timeout Low High Figure 16.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation Setting the EXTHOLD bit extends the minimum setup and hold times for the SDA line. The minimum SDA setup time defines the absolute minimum time that SDA is stable before SCL transitions from low-to-high. The minimum SDA hold time defines the absolute minimum time that the current SDA value remains stable after SCL transitions from high-to-low. EXTHOLD should be set so that the minimum setup and hold times meet the SMBus Specification requirements of 250 ns and 300 ns, respectively. Table 16.2 shows the min- imum setup and hold times for the two EXTHOLD settings. Setup and hold time extensions are typically necessary when SYSCLK is above 10 MHz. Table 16.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times EXTHOLD Minimum SDA Setup Time Minimum SDA Hold Time T - 4 system clocks low 0 OR 3 system clocks 1 system clock + s/w delay* 1 11 system clocks 12 system clocks *Note: Setup Time for ACK bit transmissions and the MSB of all data transfers. The s/w delay occurs between the time SMB0DAT or ACK is written and when SI is cleared. Note that if SI is cleared in the same write that defines the outgoing ACK value, s/w delay is zero. With the SMBTOE bit set, Timer 3 should be configured to overflow after 25 ms in order to detect SCL low timeouts (see Section “16.3.3. SCL Low Timeout” on page 171). The SMBus interface will force Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high, and allow Timer 3 to count when SCL is low. The Timer 3 interrupt service routine should be used to reset SMBus communication by disabling and re-enabling the SMBus. SMBus Free Timeout detection can be enabled by setting the SMBFTE bit. When this bit is set, the bus will be considered free if SDA and SCL remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (see Figure 16.4). When a Free Timeout is detected, the interface will respond as if a STOP was detected (an interrupt will be generated, and STO will be set). 174 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 16.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration R/W R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value ENSMB INH BUSY EXTHOLD SMBTOE SMBFTE SMBCS1 SMBCS0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR 0xC1 Address: Bit7: ENSMB: SMBus Enable. This bit enables/disables the SMBus interface. When enabled, the interface constantly mon- itors the SDA and SCL pins. 0: SMBus interface disabled. 1: SMBus interface enabled. Bit6: INH: SMBus Slave Inhibit. When this bit is set to logic 1, the SMBus does not generate an interrupt when slave events occur. This effectively removes the SMBus slave from the bus. Master Mode interrupts are not affected. 0: SMBus Slave Mode enabled. 1: SMBus Slave Mode inhibited. Bit5: BUSY: SMBus Busy Indicator. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a transfer is in progress. It is cleared to logic 0 when a STOP or free-timeout is sensed. Bit4: EXTHOLD: SMBus Setup and Hold Time Extension Enable. This bit controls the SDA setup and hold times according to . 0: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times disabled. 1: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times enabled. Bit3: SMBTOE: SMBus SCL Timeout Detection Enable. This bit enables SCL low timeout detection. If set to logic 1, the SMBus forces Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high and allows Timer 3 to count when SCL goes low. Timer 3 should be programmed to generate interrupts at 25 ms, and the Timer 3 interrupt service routine should reset SMBus communication. Bit2: SMBFTE: SMBus Free Timeout Detection Enable. When this bit is set to logic 1, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods. Bits1–0: SMBCS1–SMBCS0: SMBus Clock Source Selection. These two bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used to generate the SMBus bit rate. The selected device should be configured according to Equation 16.1. SMBCS1 SMBCS0 SMBus Clock Source 0 0 Timer 0 Overflow 0 1 Timer 1 Overflow 1 0 Timer 2 High Byte Overflow 1 1 Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Rev. 1.4 175

C8051F320/1 16.4.2.SMB0CN Control Register SMB0CN is used to control the interface and to provide status information (see Figure 16.2). The higher four bits of SMB0CN (MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO) form a status vector that can be used to jump to service routines. MASTER and TXMODE indicate the master/slave state and transmit/receive modes, respectively. STA and STO indicate that a START and/or STOP has been detected or generated since the last SMBus interrupt. STA and STO are also used to generate START and STOP conditions when operating as a mas- ter. Writing a ‘1’ to STA will cause the SMBus interface to enter Master Mode and generate a START when the bus becomes free (STA is not cleared by hardware after the START is generated). Writing a ‘1’ to STO while in Master Mode will cause the interface to generate a STOP and end the current transfer after the next ACK cycle. If STO and STA are both set (while in Master Mode), a STOP followed by a START will be generated. As a receiver, writing the ACK bit defines the outgoing ACK value; as a transmitter, reading the ACK bit indicates the value received on the last ACK cycle. ACKRQ is set each time a byte is received, indicating that an outgoing ACK value is needed. When ACKRQ is set, software should write the desired outgoing value to the ACK bit before clearing SI. A NACK will be generated if software does not write the ACK bit before clearing SI. SDA will reflect the defined ACK value immediately following a write to the ACK bit; however SCL will remain low until SI is cleared. If a received slave address is not acknowledged, further slave events will be ignored until the next START is detected. The ARBLOST bit indicates that the interface has lost an arbitration. This may occur anytime the interface is transmitting (master or slave). A lost arbitration while operating as a slave indicates a bus error condi- tion. ARBLOST is cleared by hardware each time SI is cleared. The SI bit (SMBus Interrupt Flag) is set at the beginning and end of each transfer, after each byte frame, or when an arbitration is lost; see Table 16.3 for more details. Important Note About the SI Bit: The SMBus interface is stalled while SI is set; thus SCL is held low, and the bus is stalled until software clears SI. Table 16.3 lists all sources for hardware changes to the SMB0CN bits. Refer to Table 16.4 for SMBus sta- tus decoding using the SMB0CN register. 176 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 16.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control R R R/W R/W R R R/W R/W Reset Value MASTER TXMODE STA STO ACKRQ ARBLOST ACK SI 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bit Addressable SFR Address:0xC0 Bit7: MASTER: SMBus Master/Slave Indicator. This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a master. 0: SMBus operating in Slave Mode. 1: SMBus operating in Master Mode. Bit6: TXMODE: SMBus Transmit Mode Indicator. This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a transmitter. 0: SMBus in Receiver Mode. 1: SMBus in Transmitter Mode. Bit5: STA: SMBus Start Flag. Write: 0: No Start generated. 1: When operating as a master, a START condition is transmitted if the bus is free (If the bus is not free, the START is transmitted after a STOP is received or a timeout is detected). If STA is set by software as an active Master, a repeated START will be generated after the next ACK cycle. Read: 0: No Start or repeated Start detected. 1: Start or repeated Start detected. Bit4: STO: SMBus Stop Flag. Write: 0: No STOP condition is transmitted. 1: Setting STO to logic 1 causes a STOP condition to be transmitted after the next ACK cycle. When the STOP condition is generated, hardware clears STO to logic 0. If both STA and STO are set, a STOP condition is transmitted followed by a START condition. Read: 0: No Stop condition detected. 1: Stop condition detected (if in Slave Mode) or pending (if in Master Mode). Bit3: ACKRQ: SMBus Acknowledge Request This read-only bit is set to logic 1 when the SMBus has received a byte and needs the ACK bit to be written with the correct ACK response value. Bit2: ARBLOST: SMBus Arbitration Lost Indicator. This read-only bit is set to logic 1 when the SMBus loses arbitration while operating as a transmitter. A lost arbitration while a slave indicates a bus error condition. Bit1: ACK: SMBus Acknowledge Flag. This bit defines the out-going ACK level and records incoming ACK levels. It should be writ- ten each time a byte is received (when ACKRQ=1), or read after each byte is transmitted. 0: A "not acknowledge" has been received (if in Transmitter Mode) OR will be transmitted (if in Receiver Mode). 1: An "acknowledge" has been received (if in Transmitter Mode) OR will be transmitted (if in Receiver Mode). Bit0: SI: SMBus Interrupt Flag. This bit is set by hardware under the conditions listed in Table 16.3. SI must be cleared by software. While SI is set, SCL is held low and the SMBus is stalled. Rev. 1.4 177

C8051F320/1 Table 16.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN Bit Set by Hardware When: Cleared by Hardware When: • A START is generated. • A STOP is generated. MASTER • Arbitration is lost. • START is generated. • A START is detected. • SMB0DAT is written before the start of an • Arbitration is lost. TXMODE SMBus frame. • SMB0DAT is not written before the start of an SMBus frame. • A START followed by an address byte is • Must be cleared by software. STA received. • A STOP is detected while addressed as a • A pending STOP is generated. STO slave. • Arbitration is lost due to a detected STOP. • A byte has been received and an ACK • After each ACK cycle. ACKRQ response value is needed. • A repeated START is detected as a MASTER • Each time SI is cleared. when STA is low (unwanted repeated START). • SCL is sensed low while attempting to gener- ARBLOST ate a STOP or repeated START condition. • SDA is sensed low while transmitting a ‘1’ (excluding ACK bits). • The incoming ACK value is low (ACKNOWL- • The incoming ACK value is high (NOT ACK EDGE). ACKNOWLEDGE). • A START has been generated. • Must be cleared by software. • Lost arbitration. • A byte has been transmitted and an ACK/NACK received. SI • A byte has been received. • A START or repeated START followed by a slave address + R/W has been received. • A STOP has been received. 178 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 16.4.3.Data Register The SMBus Data register SMB0DAT holds a byte of serial data to be transmitted or one that has just been received. Software may safely read or write to the data register when the SI flag is set. Software should not attempt to access the SMB0DAT register when the SMBus is enabled and the SI flag is cleared to logic 0, as the interface may be in the process of shifting a byte of data into or out of the register. Data in SMB0DAT is always shifted out MSB first. After a byte has been received, the first bit of received data is located at the MSB of SMB0DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously being shifted in. SMB0DAT always contains the last data byte present on the bus. In the event of lost arbi- tration, the transition from master transmitter to slave receiver is made with the correct data or address in SMB0DAT. SFR Definition 16.3. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address:0xC2 Bits7–0: SMB0DAT: SMBus Data. The SMB0DAT register contains a byte of data to be transmitted on the SMBus serial inter- face or a byte that has just been received on the SMBus serial interface. The CPU can read from or write to this register whenever the SI serial interrupt flag (SMB0CN.0) is set to logic 1. The serial data in the register remains stable as long as the SI flag is set. When the SI flag is not set, the system may be in the process of shifting data in/out and the CPU should not attempt to access this register. Rev. 1.4 179

C8051F320/1 16.5. SMBus Transfer Modes The SMBus interface may be configured to operate as master and/or slave. At any particular time, it will be operating in one of the following four modes: Master Transmitter, Master Receiver, Slave Transmitter, or Slave Receiver. The SMBus interface enters Master Mode any time a START is generated, and remains in Master Mode until it loses an arbitration or generates a STOP. An SMBus interrupt is generated at the end of all SMBus byte frames; however, note that the interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle when operat- ing as a receiver, and after the ACK cycle when operating as a transmitter. 16.5.1.Master Transmitter Mode Serial data is transmitted on SDA while the serial clock is output on SCL. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0 (WRITE). The master then transmits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is generated by the slave. The transfer is ended when the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface will switch to Master Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Master Transmitter interrupt. Figure 16.5 shows a typical Master Transmitter sequence. Two transmit data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode. S SLA W A Data Byte A Data Byte A P Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Received by SMBus S = START Interface P = STOP A = ACK Transmitted by W = WRITE SMBus Interface SLA = Slave Address Figure 16.5. Typical Master Transmitter Sequence 180 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 16.5.2.Master Receiver Mode Serial data is received on SDA while the serial clock is output on SCL. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the data direc- tion bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 1 (READ). Serial data is then received from the slave on SDA while the SMBus outputs the serial clock. The slave transmits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is received, ACKRQ is set to ‘1’ and an interrupt is generated. Software must write the ACK bit (SMB0CN.1) to define the outgoing acknowledge value (Note: writing a ‘1’ to the ACK bit gen- erates an ACK; writing a ‘0’ generates a NACK). Software should write a ‘0’ to the ACK bit after the last byte is received, to transmit a NACK. The interface exits Master Receiver Mode after the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface will switch to Master Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Master Receiver. Figure 16.6 shows a typical Master Receiver sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur before the ACK cycle in this mode. S SLA R A Data Byte A Data Byte N P Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Received by SMBus S = START Interface P = STOP A = ACK N = NACK Transmitted by R = READ SMBus Interface SLA = Slave Address Figure 16.6. Typical Master Receiver Sequence Rev. 1.4 181

C8051F320/1 16.5.3.Slave Receiver Mode Serial data is received on SDA and the clock is received on SCL. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (WRITE in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. Software responds to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignores the received slave address with a NACK. If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected. If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are received. Software must write the ACK bit after each received byte to ACK or NACK the received byte. The interface exits Slave Receiver Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to Slave Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Slave Receiver. Figure 16.7 shows a typical Slave Receiver sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur before the ACK cycle in this mode. Interrupt S SLA W A Data Byte A Data Byte A P Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Received by SMBus S = START Interface P = STOP A = ACK W = WRITE Transmitted by SLA = Slave Address SMBus Interface Figure 16.7. Typical Slave Receiver Sequence 182 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 16.5.4.Slave Transmitter Mode Serial data is transmitted on SDA and the clock is received on SCL. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode (to receive the slave address) when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (READ in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave Transmitter Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. Software responds to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignores the received slave address with a NACK. If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until a START is detected. If the received slave address is acknowledged, data should be written to SMB0DAT to be transmitted. The interface enters Slave Transmitter Mode, and trans- mits one or more bytes of data. After each byte is transmitted, the master sends an acknowledge bit; if the acknowledge bit is an ACK, SMB0DAT should be written with the next data byte. If the acknowledge bit is a NACK, SMB0DAT should not be written to before SI is cleared (Note: an error condition may be gener- ated if SMB0DAT is written following a received NACK while in Slave Transmitter Mode). The interface exits Slave Transmitter Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to Slave Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Slave Transmitter interrupt. Figure 16.8 shows a typical Slave Transmitter sequence. Two transmitted data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be trans- mitted. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode. Interrupt S SLA R A Data Byte A Data Byte N P Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Received by SMBus S = START Interface P = STOP N = NACK R = READ Transmitted by SLA = Slave Address SMBus Interface Figure 16.8. Typical Slave Transmitter Sequence Rev. 1.4 183

C8051F320/1 16.6. SMBus Status Decoding The current SMBus status can be easily decoded using the SMB0CN register. In the table below, STATUS VECTOR refers to the four upper bits of SMB0CN: MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO. Note that the shown response options are only the typical responses; application-specific procedures are allowed as long as they conform to the SMBus specification. Highlighted responses are allowed but do not conform to the SMBus specification. Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding Values Values Read Written e T od s r Q S Current SMbus State Typical Response Options M uo R O K A o K tatect CK BL AC ST ST AC SV A R A Load slave address + R/W 1110 0 0 X A master START was generated. 0 0 X into SMB0DAT. A master data or address byte Set STA to restart transfer. 1 0 X 0 0 0 was transmitted; NACK received. Abort transfer. 0 1 X r e mitt Load next data byte into 0 0 X s SMB0DAT. n a End transfer with STOP. 0 1 X Tr r 1100 End transfer with STOP and e A master data or address byte 1 1 X st 0 0 1 start another transfer. a was transmitted; ACK received. M Send repeated START. 1 0 X Switch to Master Receiver Mode (clear SI without writ- 0 0 X ing new data to SMB0DAT). 184 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding (Continued) Values Values Read Written e T od s r Q S Current SMbus State Typical Response Options M uo R O K A o K tatect CK BL AC ST ST AC SV A R A Acknowledge received byte; 0 0 1 Read SMB0DAT. Send NACK to indicate last 0 1 0 byte, and send STOP. Send NACK to indicate last byte, and send STOP fol- 1 1 0 lowed by START. er Send ACK followed by v 1 0 1 ei repeated START. Rec 1000 1 0 X A master data byte was received; Send NACK to indicate last r ACK requested. byte, and send repeated 1 0 0 e st START. a M Send ACK and switch to Master Transmitter Mode 0 0 1 (write to SMB0DAT before clearing SI). Send NACK and switch to Master Transmitter Mode 0 0 0 (write to SMB0DAT before clearing SI). A slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expect- 0 0 0 0 0 X NACK received. ing STOP condition). r e mitt 0100 0 0 1 A slave byte was transmitted; Load SMB0DAT with next 0 0 X ACK received. data byte to transmit. s n a A Slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expect- Tr 0 1 X error detected. ing Master to end transfer). 0 0 X e v a An illegal STOP or bus error was Sl 0101 0 X X detected while a Slave Transmis- Clear STO. 0 0 X sion was in progress. Rev. 1.4 185

C8051F320/1 Table 16.4. SMBus Status Decoding (Continued) Values Values Read Written e T od s r Q S Current SMbus State Typical Response Options M uo R O K A o K tatect CK BL AC ST ST AC SV A R A Acknowledge received 0 0 1 A slave address was received; address. 1 0 X ACK requested. Do not acknowledge 0 0 0 received address. Acknowledge received 0 0 1 0010 address. Lost arbitration as master; slave Do not acknowledge 0 0 0 1 1 X address received; ACK received address. requested. Reschedule failed transfer; do not acknowledge received 1 0 0 address. r e Lost arbitration while attempting a Abort failed transfer. 0 0 X ceiv 0010 0 1 X repeated START. Reschedule failed transfer. 1 0 X e R Lost arbitration while attempting a No action required (transfer e 1 1 X 0 0 0 v STOP. complete/aborted). a Sl A STOP was detected while 0001 0 0 X addressed as a Slave Transmitter Clear STO. 0 0 X or Slave Receiver. Lost arbitration due to a detected Abort transfer. 0 0 X 0 1 X STOP. Reschedule failed transfer. 1 0 X Acknowledge received byte; 0 0 1 A slave byte was received; ACK Read SMB0DAT. 1 0 X requested. Do not acknowledge 0000 0 0 0 received byte. Lost arbitration while transmitting Abort failed transfer. 0 0 0 1 1 X a data byte as master. Reschedule failed transfer. 1 0 0 186 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 17. UART0 UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering modes 1 and 3 of the standard 8051 UART. Enhanced baud rate support allows a wide range of clock sources to generate standard baud rates (details in Section “17.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation” on page 188). Received data buffering allows UART0 to start reception of a second incoming data byte before software has finished reading the previous data byte. UART0 has two associated SFRs: Serial Control Register 0 (SCON0) and Serial Data Buffer 0 (SBUF0). The single SBUF0 location provides access to both transmit and receive registers. Writes to SBUF0 always access the Transmit register. Reads of SBUF0 always access the buffered Receive register; it is not possible to read data from the Transmit register. With UART0 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI0 is set in SCON0), or a data byte has been received (RI0 is set in SCON0). The UART0 interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. They must be cleared manually by software, allowing software to determine the cause of the UART0 interrupt (transmit complete or receive complete). SFR Bus Write to SBUF TB8 SBUF DSETQ (TX Shift) TX CLR Crossbar Zero Detector Stop Bit Shift Data Start Tx Control Tx Clock Send Tx IRQ SCON UART Baud TI Serial Rate Generator MODE MCERENTB8RB8TIRI RI IntPeorrrutpt Port I/O S Rx IRQ Rx Clock Rx Control Start Shift 0x1FF RB8 SLBoaUdF Input Shift Register (9 bits) Load SBUF SBUF (RX Latch) Read SBUF SFR Bus RX Crossbar Figure 17.1. UART0 Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 187

C8051F320/1 17.1. Enhanced Baud Rate Generation The UART0 baud rate is generated by Timer 1 in 8-bit auto-reload mode. The TX clock is generated by TL1; the RX clock is generated by a copy of TL1 (shown as RX Timer in Figure 17.2), which is not user- accessible. Both TX and RX Timer overflows are divided by two to generate the TX and RX baud rates. The RX Timer runs when Timer 1 is enabled, and uses the same reload value (TH1). However, an RX Timer reload is forced when a START condition is detected on the RX pin. This allows a receive to begin any time a START is detected, independent of the TX Timer state. Timer 1 UART Overflow TL1 2 TX Clock TH1 Start Detected Overflow RX Timer 2 RX Clock Figure 17.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic Timer 1 should be configured for Mode 2, 8-bit auto-reload (see Section “19.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload” on page 211). The Timer 1 reload value should be set so that overflows will occur at two times the desired UART baud rate frequency. Note that Timer 1 may be clocked by one of six sources: SYSCLK, SYSCLK / 4, SYSCLK / 12, SYSCLK / 48, the external oscillator clock / 8, or an external input T1. For any given Timer 1 clock source, the UART0 baud rate is determined by Equation 17.1. Equation 17.1. UART0 Baud Rate T1 1 UartBaudRate = ---------------C---L---K---------- × --- (256–T1H) 2 Where T1 is the frequency of the clock supplied to Timer 1, and T1H is the high byte of Timer 1 (reload CLK value). Timer 1 clock frequency is selected as described in Section “19. Timers” on page 209. A quick ref- erence for typical baud rates and system clock frequencies is given in Table 17.1. Note that the internal oscillator may still generate the system clock when the external oscillator is driving Timer 1. 17.2. Operational Modes UART0 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. The UART mode (8-bit or 9-bit) is selected by the S0MODE bit (SCON0.7). Typical UART connection options are shown below. 188 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 TX RS-232 RS-232 LEVEL RX C8051Fxxx XLTR OR TX TX MCU C8051Fxxx RX RX Figure 17.3. UART Interconnect Diagram 17.2.1.8-Bit UART 8-Bit UART mode uses a total of 10 bits per data byte: one start bit, eight data bits (LSB first), and one stop bit. Data are transmitted LSB first from the TX0 pin and received at the RX0 pin. On receive, the eight data bits are stored in SBUF0 and the stop bit goes into RB80 (SCON0.2). Data transmission begins when software writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Inter- rupt Flag (SCON0.1) is set at the end of the transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). Data recep- tion can begin any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to logic 1. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will be loaded into the SBUF0 receive register if the following conditions are met: RI0 must be logic 0, and if MCE0 is logic 1, the stop bit must be logic 1. In the event of a receive data over- run, the first received 8 bits are latched into the SBUF0 receive register and the following overrun data bits are lost. If these conditions are met, the eight bits of data is stored in SBUF0, the stop bit is stored in RB80 and the RI0 flag is set. If these conditions are not met, SBUF0 and RB80 will not be loaded and the RI0 flag will not be set. An interrupt will occur if enabled when either TI0 or RI0 is set. MARK START BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP SPACE BIT BIT TIMES BIT SAMPLING Figure 17.4. 8-Bit UART Timing Diagram Rev. 1.4 189

C8051F320/1 17.2.2.9-Bit UART 9-bit UART mode uses a total of eleven bits per data byte: a start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first), a programma- ble ninth data bit, and a stop bit. The state of the ninth transmit data bit is determined by the value in TB80 (SCON0.3), which is assigned by user software. It can be assigned the value of the parity flag (bit P in reg- ister PSW) for error detection, or used in multiprocessor communications. On receive, the ninth data bit goes into RB80 (SCON0.2) and the stop bit is ignored. Data transmission begins when an instruction writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. The TI0 Transmit Interrupt Flag (SCON0.1) is set at the end of the transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit time). Data reception can begin any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to ‘1’. After the stop bit is received, the data byte will be loaded into the SBUF0 receive register if the following conditions are met: (1) RI0 must be logic 0, and (2) if MCE0 is logic 1, the 9th bit must be logic 1 (when MCE0 is logic 0, the state of the ninth data bit is unimportant). If these conditions are met, the eight bits of data are stored in SBUF0, the ninth bit is stored in RB80, and the RI0 flag is set to ‘1’. If the above conditions are not met, SBUF0 and RB80 will not be loaded and the RI0 flag will not be set to ‘1’. A UART0 interrupt will occur if enabled when either TI0 or RI0 is set to ‘1’. MARK START BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 STOP SPACE BIT BIT TIMES BIT SAMPLING Figure 17.5. 9-Bit UART Timing Diagram 17.3. Multiprocessor Communications 9-Bit UART mode supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave processors by special use of the ninth data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more slaves, it first sends an address byte to select the target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that its ninth bit is logic 1; in a data byte, the ninth bit is always set to logic 0. Setting the MCE0 bit (SCON0.5) of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is received, the UART will generate an interrupt only if the ninth bit is logic 1 (RB80 = 1) signifying an address byte has been received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received address with the slave's own assigned 8-bit address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE0 bit to enable interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their MCE0 bits set and do not generate interrupts on the reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed slave resets its MCE0 bit to ignore all transmis- sions until it receives the next address byte. Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple slaves, thereby enabling "broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master processor can be configured to receive all transmissions or a protocol can be implemented such that the master/slave role is temporarily reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between the original master and slave(s). 190 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Master Slave Slave Slave Device Device Device Device V+ RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX Figure 17.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram Rev. 1.4 191

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 17.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value S0MODE - MCE0 REN0 TB80 RB80 TI0 RI0 01000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bit Addressable SFR Address:0x98 Bit7: S0MODE: Serial Port 0 Operation Mode. This bit selects the UART0 Operation Mode. 0: 8-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate. 1: 9-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate. Bit6: UNUSED. Read = 1b. Write = don’t care. Bit5: MCE0: Multiprocessor Communication Enable. The function of this bit is dependent on the Serial Port 0 Operation Mode. S0MODE = 0: Checks for valid stop bit. 0: Logic level of stop bit is ignored. 1: RI0 will only be activated if stop bit is logic level 1. S0MODE = 1: Multiprocessor Communications Enable. 0: Logic level of ninth bit is ignored. 1: RI0 is set and an interrupt is generated only when the ninth bit is logic 1. Bit4: REN0: Receive Enable. This bit enables/disables the UART receiver. 0: UART0 reception disabled. 1: UART0 reception enabled. Bit3: TB80: Ninth Transmission Bit. The logic level of this bit will be assigned to the ninth transmission bit in 9-bit UART Mode. It is not used in 8-bit UART Mode. Set or cleared by software as required. Bit2: RB80: Ninth Receive Bit. RB80 is assigned the value of the STOP bit in Mode 0; it is assigned the value of the 9th data bit in Mode 1. Bit1: TI0: Transmit Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a byte of data has been transmitted by UART0 (after the 8th bit in 8- bit UART Mode, or at the beginning of the STOP bit in 9-bit UART Mode). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software. Bit0: RI0: Receive Interrupt Flag. Set to ‘1’ by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART0 (set at the STOP bit sampling time). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to ‘1’ causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by soft- ware. 192 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 17.2. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address:0x99 Bits7–0: SBUF0[7:0]: Serial Data Buffer Bits 7–0 (MSB-LSB) This SFR accesses two registers; a transmit shift register and a receive latch register. When data is written to SBUF0, it goes to the transmit shift register and is held for serial transmis- sion. Writing a byte to SBUF0 initiates the transmission. A read of SBUF0 returns the con- tents of the receive latch. Rev. 1.4 193

C8051F320/1 Table 17.1. Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal Oscillator Target Actual Baud Rate Oscillator Timer Clock SCA1-SCA0 T1M* Timer 1 Baud Rate Baud Rate Error Divide Source (pre-scale Reload (bps) (bps) Factor select)* Value (hex) 230400 230769 0.16% 52 SYSCLK XX 1 0xE6 115200 115385 0.16% 104 SYSCLK XX 1 0xCC z 57600 57692 0.16% 208 SYSCLK XX 1 0x98 H M 28800 28846 0.16% 416 SYSCLK XX 1 0x30 2 1 14400 14423 0.16% 832 SYSCLK / 4 01 0 0x98 = K 9600 9615 0.16% 1248 SYSCLK / 4 01 0 0x64 L C 2400 2404 0.16% 4992 SYSCLK / 12 00 0 0x30 S Y 1200 1202 0.16% 9984 SYSCLK / 48 10 0 0x98 S 230400 230769 0.16% 104 SYSCLK XX 1 0xCC 115200 115385 0.16% 208 SYSCLK XX 1 0x98 z 57600 57692 0.16% 416 SYSCLK XX 1 0x30 H M 28800 28846 0.16% 832 SYSCLK / 4 01 0 0x98 4 2 14400 14423 0.16% 1664 SYSCLK / 4 01 0 0x30 = K 9600 9615 0.16% 2496 SYSCLK / 12 00 0 0x98 L C 2400 2404 0.16% 9984 SYSCLK / 48 10 0 0x98 S Y 1200 1202 0.16% 19968 SYSCLK / 48 10 0 0x30 S X = Don’t care *Note: SCA1-SCA0 and T1M define the Timer Clock Source. Bit definitions for these values can be found in Section “19.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1” on page 209. 194 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 18. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) The Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous serial bus. SPI0 can operate as a master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports mul- tiple masters and slaves on a single SPI bus. The slave-select (NSS) signal can be configured as an input to select SPI0 in slave mode, or to disable Master Mode operation in a multi-master environment, avoiding contention on the SPI bus when more than one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can also be configured as a chip-select output in master mode, or disabled for 3-wire operation. Additional gen- eral purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices in master mode. SFR Bus SPI0CKR SPI0CFG SPI0CN SCR7SCR6SCR5SCR4SCR3SCR2SCR1SCR0 SPIBSYMSTENCKPHACKPOLSLVSELNSSINSRMTRXBMT SPIFWCOLMODFRXOVRNNSSMD1NSSMD0TXBMTSPIEN Clock Divide SYSCLK Logic SPI CONTROL LOGIC SPI IRQ Data Path Pin Interface Control Control Tx Data MOSI C SPI0DAT R SCK Transmit Data Buffer O Pin S Control Port I/O S 7 6S5hift4 Re3gist2er1 0 Rx Data Logic MISO B A R Receive Data Buffer NSS Write Read SPI0DAT SPI0DAT SFR Bus Figure 18.1. SPI Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 195

C8051F320/1 18.1. Signal Descriptions The four signals used by SPI0 (MOSI, MISO, SCK, NSS) are described below. 18.1.1.Master Out, Slave In (MOSI) The master-out, slave-in (MOSI) signal is an output from a master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to serially transfer data from the master to the slave. This signal is an output when SPI0 is operat- ing as a master and an input when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit first. When configured as a master, MOSI is driven by the MSB of the shift register in both 3- and 4-wire mode. 18.1.2.Master In, Slave Out (MISO) The master-in, slave-out (MISO) signal is an output from a slave device and an input to the master device. It is used to serially transfer data from the slave to the master. This signal is an input when SPI0 is operat- ing as a master and an output when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit first. The MISO pin is placed in a high-impedance state when the SPI module is disabled and when the SPI operates in 4-wire mode as a slave that is not selected. When acting as a slave in 3-wire mode, MISO is always driven by the MSB of the shift register. 18.1.3.Serial Clock (SCK) The serial clock (SCK) signal is an output from the master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to synchronize the transfer of data between the master and slave on the MOSI and MISO lines. SPI0 gen- erates this signal when operating as a master. The SCK signal is ignored by a SPI slave when the slave is not selected (NSS = 1) in 4-wire slave mode. 18.1.4.Slave Select (NSS) The function of the slave-select (NSS) signal is dependent on the setting of the NSSMD1 and NSSMD0 bits in the SPI0CN register. There are three possible modes that can be selected with these bits: 1. NSSMD[1:0] = 00: 3-Wire Master or 3-Wire Slave Mode: SPI0 operates in 3-wire mode, and NSS is disabled. When operating as a slave device, SPI0 is always selected in 3-wire mode. Since no select signal is present, SPI0 must be the only slave on the bus in 3-wire mode. This is intended for point-to-point communication between a master and one slave. 2. NSSMD[1:0] = 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an input. When operating as a slave, NSS selects the SPI0 device. When operating as a master, a 1-to-0 transition of the NSS signal disables the master function of SPI0 so that multiple master devices can be used on the same SPI bus. 3. NSSMD[1:0] = 1x: 4-Wire Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an output. The setting of NSSMD0 determines what logic level the NSS pin will output. This configuration should only be used when operating SPI0 as a master device. See Figure 18.2, Figure 18.3, and Figure 18.4 for typical connection diagrams of the various operational modes. Note that the setting of NSSMD bits affects the pinout of the device. When in 3-wire master or 3-wire slave mode, the NSS pin will not be mapped by the crossbar. In all other modes, the NSS signal will be mapped to a pin on the device. See Section “14. Port Input/Output” on page 126 for general purpose port I/O and crossbar information. 196 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 18.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation A SPI master device initiates all data transfers on a SPI bus. SPI0 is placed in master mode by setting the Master Enable flag (MSTEN, SPI0CN.6). Writing a byte of data to the SPI0 data register (SPI0DAT) when in master mode writes to the transmit buffer. If the SPI shift register is empty, the byte in the transmit buffer is moved to the shift register, and a data transfer begins. The SPI0 master immediately shifts out the data serially on the MOSI line while providing the serial clock on SCK. The SPIF (SPI0CN.7) flag is set to logic 1 at the end of the transfer. If interrupts are enabled, an interrupt request is generated when the SPIF flag is set. While the SPI0 master transfers data to a slave on the MOSI line, the addressed SPI slave device simultaneously transfers the contents of its shift register to the SPI master on the MISO line in a full-duplex operation. Therefore, the SPIF flag serves as both a transmit-complete and receive-data-ready flag. The data byte received from the slave is transferred MSB-first into the master's shift register. When a byte is fully shifted into the register, it is moved to the receive buffer where it can be read by the processor by reading SPI0DAT. When configured as a master, SPI0 can operate in one of three different modes: multi-master mode, 3-wire single-master mode, and 4-wire single-master mode. The default, multi-master mode is active when NSS- MD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In this mode, NSS is an input to the device, and is used to disable the master SPI0 when another master is accessing the bus. When NSS is pulled low in this mode, MSTEN (SPI0CN.6) and SPIEN (SPI0CN.0) are set to 0 to disable the SPI master device, and a Mode Fault is generated (MODF, SPI0CN.5 = 1). Mode Fault will generate an interrupt if enabled. SPI0 must be manually re-enabled in software under these circumstances. In multi-master systems, devices will typically default to being slave devices while they are not acting as the system master device. In multi-mas- ter mode, slave devices can be addressed individually (if needed) using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 18.2 shows a connection diagram between two master devices in multiple-master mode. 3-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. In this mode, NSS is not used, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Any slave devices that must be addressed in this mode should be selected using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 18.3 shows a connection diagram between a master device in 3-wire master mode and a slave device. 4-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 1. In this mode, NSS is configured as an output pin, and can be used as a slave-select signal for a single SPI device. In this mode, the output value of NSS is controlled (in software) with the bit NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2). Additional slave devices can be addressed using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 18.4 shows a connection diagram for a master device in 4-wire master mode and two slave devices. Rev. 1.4 197

C8051F320/1 NSS GPIO MISO MISO Master Master MOSI MOSI Device 1 Device 2 SCK SCK GPIO NSS Figure 18.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram Master Slave Device MISO MISO Device MOSI MOSI SCK SCK Figure 18.3. 3-Wire Single Master and Slave Mode Connection Diagram Master MISO MISO Slave Device MOSI MOSI Device SCK SCK NSS NSS GPIO MISO Slave MOSI Device SCK NSS Figure 18.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram 18.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation When SPI0 is enabled and not configured as a master, it will operate as a SPI slave. As a slave, bytes are shifted in through the MOSI pin and out through the MISO pin by a master device controlling the SCK sig- nal. A bit counter in the SPI0 logic counts SCK edges. When 8 bits have been shifted through the shift reg- ister, the SPIF flag is set to logic 1, and the byte is copied into the receive buffer. Data is read from the receive buffer by reading SPI0DAT. A slave device cannot initiate transfers. Data to be transferred to the master device is pre-loaded into the shift register by writing to SPI0DAT. Writes to SPI0DAT are double- buffered, and are placed in the transmit buffer first. If the shift register is empty, the contents of the transmit buffer will immediately be transferred into the shift register. When the shift register already contains data, the SPI will load the shift register with the transmit buffer’s contents after the last SCK edge of the next (or current) SPI transfer. 198 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 When configured as a slave, SPI0 can be configured for 4-wire or 3-wire operation. The default, 4-wire slave mode, is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In 4-wire mode, the NSS signal is routed to a port pin and configured as a digital input. SPI0 is enabled when NSS is logic 0, and disabled when NSS is logic 1. The bit counter is reset on a falling edge of NSS. Note that the NSS sig- nal must be driven low at least 2 system clocks before the first active edge of SCK for each byte transfer. Figure 18.4 shows a connection diagram between two slave devices in 4-wire slave mode and a master device. 3-wire slave mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. NSS is not used in this mode, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Since there is no way of uniquely addressing the device in 3-wire slave mode, SPI0 must be the only slave device present on the bus. It is important to note that in 3-wire slave mode there is no external means of resetting the bit counter that determines when a full byte has been received. The bit counter can only be reset by disabling and re- enabling SPI0 with the SPIEN bit. Figure 18.3 shows a connection diagram between a slave device in 3- wire slave mode and a master device. 18.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources When SPI0 interrupts are enabled, the following four flags will generate an interrupt when they are set to logic 1: Note that all of the following bits must be cleared by software. 1. The SPI Interrupt Flag, SPIF (SPI0CN.7) is set to logic 1 at the end of each byte transfer. This flag can occur in all SPI0 modes. 2. The Write Collision Flag, WCOL (SPI0CN.6) is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when the transmit buffer has not been emptied to the SPI shift register. When this occurs, the write to SPI0DAT will be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written.This flag can occur in all SPI0 modes. 3. The Mode Fault Flag MODF (SPI0CN.5) is set to logic 1 when SPI0 is configured as a master, and for multi-master mode and the NSS pin is pulled low. When a Mode Fault occurs, the MSTEN and SPIEN bits in SPI0CN are set to logic 0 to disable SPI0 and allow another master device to access the bus. 4. The Receive Overrun Flag RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) is set to logic 1 when configured as a slave, and a transfer is completed and the receive buffer still holds an unread byte from a previous transfer. The new byte is not transferred to the receive buffer, allowing the previously received data byte to be read. The data byte which caused the overrun is lost. 18.5. Serial Clock Timing Four combinations of serial clock phase and polarity can be selected using the clock control bits in the SPI0 Configuration Register (SPI0CFG). The CKPHA bit (SPI0CFG.5) selects one of two clock phases (edge used to latch the data). The CKPOL bit (SPI0CFG.4) selects between an active-high or active-low clock. Both master and slave devices must be configured to use the same clock phase and polarity. SPI0 should be disabled (by clearing the SPIEN bit, SPI0CN.0) when changing the clock phase or polarity. The clock and data line relationships for master mode are shown in Figure 18.5. For slave mode, the clock and data relationships are shown in Figure 18.6 and Figure 18.7. Note that CKPHA must be set to ‘0’ on both the master and slave SPI when communicating between two of the following devices: C8051F04x, C8051F06x, C8051F12x, C8051F31x, C8051F32x, and C8051F33x The SPI0 Clock Rate Register (SPI0CKR) as shown in Figure 18.3 controls the master mode serial clock frequency. This register is ignored when operating in slave mode. When the SPI is configured as a master, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) is one-half the system clock frequency or 12.5 MHz, whichever is Rev. 1.4 199

C8051F320/1 slower. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) for full-duplex operation is 1/10 the system clock frequency, provided that the master issues SCK, NSS (in 4-wire slave mode), and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock. If the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data asynchronously, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) must be less than 1/10 the system clock frequency. In the special case where the master only wants to transmit data to the slave and does not need to receive data from the slave (i.e. half-duplex operation), the SPI slave can receive data at a maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) of 1/4 the system clock frequency. This is provided that the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock. SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0) SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1) MISO/MOSI MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 NSS (Must Remain High in Multi-Master Mode) Figure 18.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0) MOSI MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 MISO MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 NSS (4-Wire Mode) Figure 18.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0) 200 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SCK (CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1) SCK (CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1) MOSI MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 MISO MSB Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 NSS (4-Wire Mode) Figure 18.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1) Rev. 1.4 201

C8051F320/1 18.6. SPI Special Function Registers SPI0 is accessed and controlled through four special function registers in the system controller: SPI0CN Control Register, SPI0DAT Data Register, SPI0CFG Configuration Register, and SPI0CKR Clock Rate Register. The four special function registers related to the operation of the SPI0 Bus are described in the following figures. 202 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 18.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration R R/W R/W R/W R R R R Reset Value SPIBSY MSTEN CKPHA CKPOL SLVSEL NSSIN SRMT RXBMT 00000111 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address:0xA1 Bit 7: SPIBSY: SPI Busy (read only). This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (Master or slave Mode). Bit 6: MSTEN: Master Mode Enable. 0: Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode. 1: Enable master mode. Operate as a master. Bit 5: CKPHA: SPI0 Clock Phase. This bit controls the SPI0 clock phase. 0: Data centered on first edge of SCK period.* 1: Data centered on second edge of SCK period.* Bit 4: CKPOL: SPI0 Clock Polarity. This bit controls the SPI0 clock polarity. 0: SCK line low in idle state. 1: SCK line high in idle state. Bit 3: SLVSEL: Slave Selected Flag (read only). This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI0 is the selected slave. It is cleared to logic 0 when NSS is high (slave not selected). This bit does not indicate the instantaneous value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched version of the pin input. Bit 2: NSSIN: NSS Instantaneous Pin Input (read only). This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the time that the register is read. This input is not de-glitched. Bit 1: SRMT: Shift Register Empty (Valid in Slave Mode, read only). This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift register, and there is no new information available to read from the transmit buffer or write to the receive buffer. It returns to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition on SCK. NOTE: SRMT = 1 when in Master Mode. Bit 0: RXBMT: Receive Buffer Empty (Valid in Slave Mode, read only). This bit will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no new information. If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has not been read, this bit will return to logic 0. NOTE: RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode. *Note: In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is sampled one SYSCLK before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device. See Table 18.1 for timing parameters. Rev. 1.4 203

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 18.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W Reset Value SPIF WCOL MODF RXOVRN NSSMD1 NSSMD0 TXBMT SPIEN 00000110 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bit Addressable SFR Address:0xF8 Bit 7: SPIF: SPI0 Interrupt Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If interrupts are enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the SPI0 interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software. Bit 6: WCOL: Write Collision Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) to indicate that a write to the SPI0 data register was attempted while the transmit buffer already contained data. It must be cleared by software. Bit 5: MODF: Mode Fault Flag. This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when a master mode collision is detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD[1:0] = 01). This bit is not auto- matically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software. Bit 4: RXOVRN: Receive Overrun Flag (Slave Mode only). This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when the receive buf- fer still holds unread data from a previous transfer and the last bit of the current transfer is shifted into the SPI0 shift register. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software. Bits 3–2: NSSMD1–NSSMD0: Slave Select Mode. Selects between the following NSS operation modes: (See Section “18.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation” on page 197 and Section “18.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation” on page 198). 00: 3-Wire Slave or 3-wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin. 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode (Default). NSS is always an input to the device. 1x: 4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS signal is mapped as an output from the device and will assume the value of NSSMD0. Bit 1: TXBMT: Transmit Buffer Empty. This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer. When data in the transmit buffer is transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will be set to logic 1, indicating that it is safe to write a new byte to the transmit buffer. Bit 0: SPIEN: SPI0 Enable. This bit enables/disables the SPI. 0: SPI disabled. 1: SPI enabled. 204 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 18.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data Register R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR 0xA3 Address: Bits 7–0: SPI0DAT: SPI0 Transmit and Receive Data. The SPI0DAT register is used to transmit and receive SPI0 data. Writing data to SPI0DAT places the data into the transmit buffer and initiates a transfer when in Master Mode. A read of SPI0DAT returns the contents of the receive buffer. SFR Definition 18.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value SCR7 SCR6 SCR5 SCR4 SCR3 SCR2 SCR1 SCR0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address:0xA2 Bits 7–0: SCR7-SCR0: SPI0 Clock Rate. These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI0 module is configured for master mode operation. The SCK clock frequency is a divided version of the system clock, and is given in the following equation, where SYSCLK is the system clock frequency and SPI0CKR is the 8-bit value held in the SPI0CKR register. SYSCLK f = ------------------------------------------------- SCK 2× (SPI0CKR +1) for 0 <= SPI0CKR <= 255 Example: If SYSCLK = 2 MHz and SPI0CKR = 0x04, 2000000 f = -------------------------- SCK 2× (4+ 1) f = 200kHz SCK Rev. 1.4 205

C8051F320/1 SCK* T T MCKH MCKL T T MIS MIH MISO MOSI * SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1. Figure 18.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0) SCK* T T MCKH MCKL T T MIS MIH MISO MOSI * SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1. Figure 18.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1) 206 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 NSS T T T SE CKL SD SCK* T CKH T T SIS SIH MOSI T T T SEZ SOH SDZ MISO * SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1. Figure 18.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0) NSS T T T SE CKL SD SCK* T CKH T T SIS SIH MOSI T T T T SEZ SOH SLH SDZ MISO * SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1. Figure 18.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1) Rev. 1.4 207

C8051F320/1 Table 18.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters Parameter Description Min Max Units Master Mode Timing* (See Figure 18.8 and Figure 18.9) T SCK High Time 1 x T — ns MCKH SYSCLK T SCK Low Time 1 x T — ns MCKL SYSCLK T MISO Valid to SCK Shift Edge 1 x T + 20 — ns MIS SYSCLK T SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change 0 — ns MIH Slave Mode Timing* (See Figure 18.10 and Figure 18.11) T NSS Falling to First SCK Edge 2 x T — ns SE SYSCLK T Last SCK Edge to NSS Rising 2 x T — ns SD SYSCLK T NSS Falling to MISO Valid — 4 x T ns SEZ SYSCLK T NSS Rising to MISO High-Z — 4 x T ns SDZ SYSCLK T SCK High Time 5 x T — ns CKH SYSCLK T SCK Low Time 5 x T — ns CKL SYSCLK T MOSI Valid to SCK Sample Edge 2 x T — ns SIS SYSCLK T SCK Sample Edge to MOSI Change 2 x T — ns SIH SYSCLK T SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change — 4 x T ns SOH SYSCLK Last SCK Edge to MISO Change (CKPHA = 1 6 x T 8 x T ns T SYSCLK SYSCLK SLH ONLY) *Note: T is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK). SYSCLK 208 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 19. Timers Each MCU includes four counter/timers: two are 16-bit counter/timers compatible with those found in the standard 8051, and two are 16-bit auto-reload timer for use with the ADC, SMBus, USB (frame measure- ments), or for general purpose use. These timers can be used to measure time intervals, count external events and generate periodic interrupt requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 are nearly identical and have four pri- mary modes of operation. Timer 2 and Timer 3 offer 16-bit and split 8-bit timer functionality with auto- reload. Timer 0 and Timer 1 Modes: Timer 2 Modes: Timer 3 Modes: 13-bit counter/timer 16-bit timer with auto-reload 16-bit timer with auto-reload 16-bit counter/timer 8-bit counter/timer with auto-reload Two 8-bit timers with Two 8-bit timers with Two 8-bit counter/timers (Timer 0 only) auto-reload auto-reload Timers 0 and 1 may be clocked by one of five sources, determined by the Timer Mode Select bits (T1M- T0M) and the Clock Scale bits (SCA1-SCA0). The Clock Scale bits define a pre-scaled clock from which Timer 0 and/or Timer 1 may be clocked (See Figure 19.3 for pre-scaled clock selection). Timer 0/1 may then be configured to use this pre-scaled clock signal or the system clock. Timer 2 and Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. Timer 0 and Timer 1 may also be operated as counters. When functioning as a counter, a counter/timer register is incremented on each high-to-low transition at the selected input pin (T0 or T1). Events with a fre- quency of up to one-fourth the system clock's frequency can be counted. The input signal need not be peri- odic, but it should be held at a given level for at least two full system clock cycles to ensure the level is properly sampled. 19.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1 Each timer is implemented as a 16-bit register accessed as two separate bytes: a low byte (TL0 or TL1) and a high byte (TH0 or TH1). The Counter/Timer Control register (TCON) is used to enable Timer 0 and Timer 1 as well as indicate status. Timer 0 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET0 bit in the IE register (Section “9.3.5. Interrupt Register Descriptions” on page 90); Timer 1 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET1 bit in the IE register (SFR Definition 9.7). Both counter/timers operate in one of four primary modes selected by setting the Mode Select bits T1M1-T0M0 in the Counter/Timer Mode register (TMOD). Each timer can be configured independently. Each operating mode is described below. 19.1.1.Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer Timer 0 and Timer 1 operate as 13-bit counter/timers in Mode 0. The following describes the configuration and operation of Timer 0. However, both timers operate identically, and Timer 1 is configured in the same manner as described for Timer 0. The TH0 register holds the eight MSBs of the 13-bit counter/timer. TL0 holds the five LSBs in bit positions TL0.4-TL0.0. The three upper bits of TL0 (TL0.7-TL0.5) are indeterminate and should be masked out or ignored when reading. As the 13-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0x1FFF (all ones) to 0x0000, the timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and an interrupt will occur if Timer 0 interrupts are enabled. The C/T0 bit (TMOD.2) selects the counter/timer's clock source. When C/T0 is set to logic 1, high-to-low transitions at the selected Timer 0 input pin (T0) increment the timer register (Refer to Section Rev. 1.4 209

C8051F320/1 “14.1. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 128 for information on selecting and configuring external I/O pins). Clearing C/T selects the clock defined by the T0M bit (CKCON.3). When T0M is set, Timer 0 is clocked by the system clock. When T0M is cleared, Timer 0 is clocked by the source selected by the Clock Scale bits in CKCON (see Figure 19.3). Setting the TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or the input signal /INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register INT01CF (see Figure 8.13). Setting GATE0 to ‘1’ allows the timer to be controlled by the external input signal /INT0 (see Section “9.3.5. Interrupt Register Descrip- tions” on page 90), facilitating pulse width measurements. TR0 GATE0 /INT0 Counter/Timer 0 X X Disabled 1 0 X Enabled 1 1 0 Disabled 1 1 1 Enabled X = Don't Care Setting TR0 does not force the timer to reset. The timer registers should be loaded with the desired initial value before the timer is enabled. TL1 and TH1 form the 13-bit register for Timer 1 in the same manner as described above for TL0 and TH0. Timer 1 is configured and controlled using the relevant TCON and TMOD bits just as with Timer 0. The input signal /INT1 is used with Timer 1; the /INT1 polarity is defined by bit IN1PL in register INT01CF (see Figure 8.13). CKCON TMOD INT01CF TTTTTTSS GCT TGCT T I I I I I I I I 3 3 2 2 1 0CC A / 1 1 A / 0 0 NNNNNNNN MMMMMMAA T TMMT TMM 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 HLHL 1 0 E 1 1 0 E 0 1 0 PSSSPSSS 1 0 L L L L L L L L 2 1 0 2 1 0 Pre-scaled Clock 0 0 SYSCLK 1 1 TF1 T0 TR1 TCLK TL0 TH0 TF0 Interrupt TR0 TR0 (5 bits) (8 bits) N IE1 GATE0 O IT1 Crossbar C IE0 T IT0 IN0PL /INT0 XOR Figure 19.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram 210 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 19.1.2.Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer Mode 1 operation is the same as Mode 0, except that the counter/timer registers use all 16 bits. The counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 1 in the same manner as for Mode 0. 19.1.3.Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload Mode 2 configures Timer 0 and Timer 1 to operate as 8-bit counter/timers with automatic reload of the start value. TL0 holds the count and TH0 holds the reload value. When the counter in TL0 overflows from all ones to 0x00, the timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and the counter in TL0 is reloaded from TH0. If Timer 0 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will occur when the TF0 flag is set. The reload value in TH0 is not changed. TL0 must be initialized to the desired value before enabling the timer for the first count to be correct. When in Mode 2, Timer 1 operates identically to Timer 0. Both counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 2 in the same manner as Mode 0. Setting the TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or when the input signal /INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register INT01CF (see Section “9.3.2. External Interrupts” on page 88 for details on the external input signals /INT0 and /INT1). CKCON TMOD INT01CF TTTTTTSS GCT TGCT T I I I I I I I I 3 3 2 2 1 0CC A / 1 1 A / 0 0 NNNNNNNN MMMMMMAA T TMMT TMM 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 E 1 1 0 E 0 1 0 PSSSPSSS HLHL 1 0 1 0 L L L L L L L L 2 1 0 2 1 0 Pre-scaled Clock 0 0 SYSCLK 1 1 T0 TF1 TCLK TL0 TR1 TF0 Interrupt (8 bits) TR0 TR0 N IE1 O IT1 Crossbar GATE0 TC IE0 IT0 TH0 Reload (8 bits) IN0PL /INT0 XOR Figure 19.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 211

C8051F320/1 19.1.4.Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only) In Mode 3, Timer 0 is configured as two separate 8-bit counter/timers held in TL0 and TH0. The counter/timer in TL0 is controlled using the Timer 0 control/status bits in TCON and TMOD: TR0, C/T0, GATE0 and TF0. TL0 can use either the system clock or an external input signal as its timebase. The TH0 register is restricted to a timer function sourced by the system clock or prescaled clock. TH0 is enabled using the Timer 1 run control bit TR1. TH0 sets the Timer 1 overflow flag TF1 on overflow and thus controls the Timer 1 interrupt. Timer 1 is inactive in Mode 3. When Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be operated in Modes 0, 1 or 2, but cannot be clocked by external signals nor set the TF1 flag and generate an interrupt. However, the Timer 1 overflow can be used to generate baud rates for the SMBus and/or UART, and/or initiate ADC conversions. While Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 run control is handled through its mode set- tings. To run Timer 1 while Timer 0 is in Mode 3, set the Timer 1 Mode as 0, 1, or 2. To disable Timer 1, configure it for Mode 3. CKCON TMOD TTTTTTSS GCT TGCT T 3 3 2 2 1 0CC A / 1 1 A / 0 0 MMMMMMAA T TMMT TMM HLHL 1 0 E 1 1 0 E 0 1 0 1 0 Pre-scaled Clock 0 TR1 TH0 TF1 Interrupt (8 bits) TR1 TF0 Interrupt SYSCLK 1 TR0 0 N IE1 O IT1 C IE0 T IT0 1 T0 TL0 (8 bits) TR0 Crossbar GATE0 IN0PL /INT0 XOR Figure 19.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram 212 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.1. TCON: Timer Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0x88 Bit7: TF1: Timer 1 Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when Timer 1 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software but is auto- matically cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 1 interrupt service routine. 0: No Timer 1 overflow detected. 1: Timer 1 has overflowed. Bit6: TR1: Timer 1 Run Control. 0: Timer 1 disabled. 1: Timer 1 enabled. Bit5: TF0: Timer 0 Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when Timer 0 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software but is auto- matically cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 0 interrupt service routine. 0: No Timer 0 overflow detected. 1: Timer 0 has overflowed. Bit4: TR0: Timer 0 Run Control. 0: Timer 0 disabled. 1: Timer 0 enabled. Bit3: IE1: External Interrupt 1. This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It can be cleared by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the External Inter- rupt 1 service routine if IT1 = 1. When IT1 = 0, this flag is set to ‘1’ when /INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL in register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 9.13). Bit2: IT1: Interrupt 1 Type Select. This bit selects whether the configured /INT1 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive. /INT1 is configured active low or high by the IN1PL bit in the IT01CF register (see SFR Definition 9.13). 0: /INT1 is level triggered. 1: /INT1 is edge triggered. Bit1: IE0: External Interrupt 0. This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT0 is detected. It can be cleared by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the External Inter- rupt 0 service routine if IT0 = 1. When IT0 = 0, this flag is set to ‘1’ when /INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 9.13). Bit0: IT0: Interrupt 0 Type Select. This bit selects whether the configured /INT0 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive. /INT0 is configured active low or high by the IN0PL bit in register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 9.13). 0: /INT0 is level triggered. 1: /INT0 is edge triggered. Rev. 1.4 213

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.2. TMOD: Timer Mode R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value GATE1 C/T1 T1M1 T1M0 GATE0 C/T0 T0M1 T0M0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x89 Bit7: GATE1: Timer 1 Gate Control. 0: Timer 1 enabled when TR1 = 1 irrespective of /INT1 logic level. 1: Timer 1 enabled only when TR1 = 1 AND /INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL in regis- ter IT01CF (see SFR Definition 9.13). Bit6: C/T1: Counter/Timer 1 Select. 0: Timer Function: Timer 1 incremented by clock defined by T1M bit (CKCON.3). 1: Counter Function: Timer 1 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external input pin (T1). Bits5–4: T1M1–T1M0: Timer 1 Mode Select. These bits select the Timer 1 operation mode. T1M1 T1M0 Mode 0 0 Mode 0: 13-bit counter/timer 0 1 Mode 1: 16-bit counter/timer Mode 2: 8-bit counter/timer with auto- 1 0 reload 1 1 Mode 3: Timer 1 inactive Bit3: GATE0: Timer 0 Gate Control. 0: Timer 0 enabled when TR0 = 1 irrespective of /INT0 logic level. 1: Timer 0 enabled only when TR0 = 1 AND /INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in regis- ter IT01CF (see SFR Definition 9.13). Bit2: C/T0: Counter/Timer Select. 0: Timer Function: Timer 0 incremented by clock defined by T0M bit (CKCON.2). 1: Counter Function: Timer 0 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external input pin (T0). Bits1–0: T0M1–T0M0: Timer 0 Mode Select. These bits select the Timer 0 operation mode. T0M1 T0M0 Mode 0 0 Mode 0: 13-bit counter/timer 0 1 Mode 1: 16-bit counter/timer Mode 2: 8-bit counter/timer with auto- 1 0 reload 1 1 Mode 3: Two 8-bit counter/timers 214 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.3. CKCON: Clock Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value T3MH T3ML T2MH T2ML T1M T0M SCA1 SCA0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x8E Bit7: T3MH: Timer 3 High Byte Clock Select. This bit selects the clock supplied to the Timer 3 high byte if Timer 3 is configured in split 8- bit timer mode. T3MH is ignored if Timer 3 is in any other mode. 0: Timer 3 high byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN. 1: Timer 3 high byte uses the system clock. Bit6: T3ML: Timer 3 Low Byte Clock Select. This bit selects the clock supplied to Timer 3. If Timer 3 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode, this bit selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer. 0: Timer 3 low byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN. 1: Timer 3 low byte uses the system clock. Bit5: T2MH: Timer 2 High Byte Clock Select. This bit selects the clock supplied to the Timer 2 high byte if Timer 2 is configured in split 8- bit timer mode. T2MH is ignored if Timer 2 is in any other mode. 0: Timer 2 high byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN. 1: Timer 2 high byte uses the system clock. Bit4: T2ML: Timer 2 Low Byte Clock Select. This bit selects the clock supplied to Timer 2. If Timer 2 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode, this bit selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer. 0: Timer 2 low byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN. 1: Timer 2 low byte uses the system clock. Bit3: T1M: Timer 1 Clock Select. This select the clock source supplied to Timer 1. T1M is ignored when C/T1 is set to logic 1. 0: Timer 1 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits, SCA1-SCA0. 1: Timer 1 uses the system clock. Bit2: T0M: Timer 0 Clock Select. This bit selects the clock source supplied to Timer 0. T0M is ignored when C/T0 is set to logic 1. 0: Counter/Timer 0 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits, SCA1-SCA0. 1: Counter/Timer 0 uses the system clock. Bits1–0: SCA1–SCA0: Timer 0/1 Prescale Bits. These bits control the division of the clock supplied to Timer 0 and/or Timer 1 if configured to use prescaled clock inputs. SCA1 SCA0 Prescaled Clock 0 0 System clock divided by 12 0 1 System clock divided by 4 1 0 System clock divided by 48 1 1 External clock divided by 8 Note: External clock divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. Rev. 1.4 215

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x8A Bits 7–0: TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte. The TL0 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 0. SFR Definition 19.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x8B Bits 7–0: TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte. The TL1 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 1. SFR Definition 19.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x8C Bits 7–0: TH0: Timer 0 High Byte. The TH0 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 0. SFR Definition 19.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x8D Bits 7–0: TH1: Timer 1 High Byte. The TH1 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 1. 216 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 19.2. Timer 2 Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR2L (low byte) and TMR2H (high byte). Timer 2 may operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode, (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode, or USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. The Timer 2 operation mode is defined by the T2SPLIT (TMR2CN.3) and T2SOF (TMR2CN.4) bits. Timer 2 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator source divided by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the internal oscillator drives the system clock while Timer 2 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external preci- sion oscillator. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. 19.2.1.16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload When T2SPLIT = ‘0’ and T2SOF = ‘0’, Timer 2 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 2 can be clocked by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the 16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 2 reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLL) is loaded into the Timer 2 register as shown in Figure 19.4, and the Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag (TMR2CN.7) is set. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (if IE.5 is set), an interrupt will be generated on each Timer 2 overflow. Additionally, if Timer 2 interrupts are enabled and the TF2LEN bit is set (TMR2CN.5), an interrupt will be generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR2L) overflow from 0xFF to 0x00. CKCON TTTTTTSS 332210CC T2XCLK MMMMMMAA HLHL 10 To ADC, SYSCLK / 12 0 TL2 To SMBus SMBus Overflow 0 External Clock / 8 1 TR2 TCLK TMR2L TMR2H TTFF22HL Interrupt N TF2LEN C SYSCLK 1 2 T2SOF R T2SPLIT M TR2 T T2XCLK TMR2RLL TMR2RLH Reload Figure 19.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 217

C8051F320/1 19.2.2.8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload When T2SPLIT = ‘1’ and T2SOF = ‘0’, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR2H and TMR2L). Both 8- bit timers operate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 19.5. TMR2RLL holds the reload value for TMR2L; TMR2RLH holds the reload value for TMR2H. The TR2 bit in TMR2CN handles the run control for TMR2H. TMR2L is always running when configured for 8-bit Mode. Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. The Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or the clock defined by the Timer 2 External Clock Select bit (T2XCLK in TMR2CN), as follows: T2MH T2XCLK TMR2H Clock Source T2ML T2XCLK TMR2L Clock Source 0 0 SYSCLK / 12 0 0 SYSCLK / 12 0 1 External Clock / 8 0 1 External Clock / 8 1 X SYSCLK 1 X SYSCLK The TF2H bit is set when TMR2H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF2L bit is set when TMR2L overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (IE.5), an interrupt is generated each time TMR2H overflows. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled and TF2LEN (TMR2CN.5) is set, an interrupt is gener- ated each time either TMR2L or TMR2H overflows. When TF2LEN is enabled, software must check the TF2H and TF2L flags to determine the source of the Timer 2 interrupt. The TF2H and TF2L interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software. CKCON T2XCLK TTTTTTSS 332210CC MMMMMMAA Reload HLHL 10 TMR2RLH To SMBus SYSCLK / 12 0 0 External Clock / 8 1 TCLK TR2 TMR2H TF2H Interrupt TF2L 1 TF2LEN N T2SOF C T2SPLIT Reload R2 TR2 TMR2RLL M SYSCLK T T2XCLK 1 TCLK TMR2L To ADC, SMBus 0 Figure 19.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram 218 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 19.2.3.USB Start-of-Frame Capture When T2SOF = ‘1’, Timer 2 operates in USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. When T2SPLIT = ‘0’, Timer 2 counts up and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 2 registers (TMR2H:TMR2L) are latched into the Timer 2 Reload registers (TMR2RLH:TMR2RLL). A Timer 2 interrupt is generated if enabled. This mode can be used to calibrate the system clock or external oscillator against the known USB host SOF clock. TMR2CN TTTTTT T FFF22R 2 222SS2 X HLLOP C CKCON EFL L TTTTTTSS N TI K 332210CC MMMMMMAA HLHL 10 SYSCLK / 12 0 To SMBus TL2 Overflow 0 External Clock / 8 1 TR2 TCLK TMR2L TMR2H TSoM ABDuCs, SYSCLK 1 USB Capture Start-of-Frame TMR2RLL TMR2RLH (SOF) Enable Interrupt Figure 19.6. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘0’) When T2SPLIT = ‘1’, the Timer 2 registers (TMR2H and TMR2L) act as two 8-bit counters. Each counter counts up independently and overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 2 registers are latched into the Timer 2 Reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLL). A Timer 2 interrupt is generated if enabled. TMR2CN TTTTTT T FFF22R 2 222SS2 X HLELOFPL CL CKCON N I K TTTTTTSS T 332210CC MHMLMHMLMMA1A0 TMR2RLH Capture Enable Interrupt SYSCLK / 12 0 0 External Clock / 8 1 TCLK TR2 TMR2H To SMBus 1 Capture TMR2RLL SYSCLK USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) 1 TCLK TMR2L To ADC, SMBus 0 Figure 19.7. Timer 2 SOF Capture Mode (T2SPLIT = ‘1’) Rev. 1.4 219

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value TF2H TF2L TF2LEN T2SOF T2SPLIT TR2 - T2XCLK 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xC8 Bit7: TF2H: Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when the Timer 2 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit mode, this will occur when Timer 2 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt service routine. TF2H is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit6: TF2L: Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when the Timer 2 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When this bit is set, an interrupt will be generated if TF2LEN is set and Timer 2 interrupts are enabled. TF2L will set when the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 2 mode. This bit is not automat- ically cleared by hardware. Bit5: TF2LEN: Timer 2 Low Byte Interrupt Enable. This bit enables/disables Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts. If TF2LEN is set and Timer 2 inter- rupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 2 overflows. 0: Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts disabled. 1: Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts enabled. Bit4: T2SOF: Timer 2 Start-Of-Frame Capture Enable 0: SOF Capture disabled. 1: SOF Capture enabled. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 2 reg- isters (TMR2H and TMR2L) are latched into the Timer 2 reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLH), and a Timer 2 interrupt is generated (if enabled). Bit3: T2SPLIT: Timer 2 Split Mode Enable. When this bit is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload. 0: Timer 2 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode. 1: Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers. Bit2: TR2: Timer 2 Run Control. This bit enables/disables Timer 2. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables TMR2H only; TMR2L is always enabled in this mode. 0: Timer 2 disabled. 1: Timer 2 enabled. Bit1: UNUSED. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. Bit0: T2XCLK: Timer 2 External Clock Select. This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 2. If Timer 2 is in 8-bit mode, this bit selects the external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in register CKCON) may still be used to select between the external clock and the system clock for either timer. 0: Timer 2 external clock selection is the system clock divided by 12. 1: Timer 2 external clock selection is the external clock divided by 8. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. 220 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xCA Bits 7–0: TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte. TMR2RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 2 when operating in auto-reload mode, or the captured value of the TMR2L register in capture mode. SFR Definition 19.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xCB Bits 7–0: TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte. The TMR2RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 2 when operating in auto- reload mode, or the captured value of the TMR2H register in capture mode. SFR Definition 19.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xCC Bits 7–0: TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte. In 16-bit mode, the TMR2L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-bit mode, TMR2L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value. SFR Definition 19.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xCD Bits 7–0: TMR2H: Timer 2 High Byte. In 16-bit mode, the TMR2H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-bit mode, TMR2H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value. Rev. 1.4 221

C8051F320/1 19.3. Timer 3 Timer 3 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR3L (low byte) and TMR3H (high byte). Timer 3 may operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode, (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode, or USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. The Timer 3 operation mode is defined by the T3SPLIT (TMR3CN.3) and T3SOF (TMR2CN.4) bits. Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator source divided by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the internal oscillator drives the system clock while Timer 3 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external preci- sion oscillator. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. 19.3.1.16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload When T3SPLIT (TMR3CN.3) is zero, Timer 3 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 3 can be clocked by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the 16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 3 reload registers (TMR3RLH and TM3RLL) is loaded into the Timer 3 register as shown in Figure 19.4, and the Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag (TMR3CN.7) is set. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated on each Timer 3 overflow. Additionally, if Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and the TF3LEN bit is set (TMR3CN.5), an interrupt will be generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR3L) overflow from 0xFF to 0x00. CKCON TTTTTTSS 332210CC T3XCLK MMMMMMAA HLHL 10 SYSCLK / 12 0 To ADC 0 External Clock / 8 1 TR3 TCLK TMR3L TMR3H TTFF33HL Interrupt SYSCLK 1 3CN TTF33SLOEFN R T3SPLIT M TR3 T T3XCLK TMR3RLL TMR3RLH Reload Figure 19.8. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram 222 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 19.3.2.8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload When T3SPLIT is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR3H and TMR3L). Both 8-bit timers oper- ate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 19.5. TMR3RLL holds the reload value for TMR3L; TMR3RLH holds the reload value for TMR3H. The TR3 bit in TMR3CN handles the run control for TMR3H. TMR3L is always running when configured for 8-bit Mode. Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. The Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or the clock defined by the Timer 3 External Clock Select bit (T3XCLK in TMR3CN), as follows: T3MH T3XCLK TMR3H Clock Source T3ML T3XCLK TMR3L Clock Source 0 0 SYSCLK / 12 0 0 SYSCLK / 12 0 1 External Clock / 8 0 1 External Clock / 8 1 X SYSCLK 1 X SYSCLK The TF3H bit is set when TMR3H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF3L bit is set when TMR3L overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt is generated each time TMR3H over- flows. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and TF3LEN (TMR3CN.5) is set, an interrupt is generated each time either TMR3L or TMR3H overflows. When TF3LEN is enabled, software must check the TF3H and TF3L flags to determine the source of the Timer 3 interrupt. The TF3H and TF3L interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software. CKCON T3XCLK TTTTTTSS 332210CC MMMMMMAA Reload HLHL 10 TMR3RLH SYSCLK / 12 0 To ADC 0 External Clock / 8 1 TCLK TR3 TMR3H TF3H Interrupt TF3L 1 TF3LEN N T3SOF C T3SPLIT Reload R3 TR3 TMR3RLL M SYSCLK T T3XCLK 1 TCLK TMR3L 0 Figure 19.9. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 223

C8051F320/1 19.3.3.USB Start-of-Frame Capture When T3SOF = ‘1’, Timer 3 operates in USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) capture mode. When T3SPLIT = ‘0’, Timer 3 counts up and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 3 registers (TMR3H:TMR3L) are latched into the Timer 3 Reload registers (TMR3RLH:TMR3RLL). A Timer 3 interrupt is generated if enabled. This mode can be used to calibrate the system clock or external oscillator against the known USB host SOF clock. TMR3CN TTTTTT T FFF33R 3 333SS3 X HLLOP C CKCON EFL L TTTTTTSS N TI K 332210CC MMMMMMAA HLHL 10 SYSCLK / 12 0 0 External Clock / 8 1 TR3 TCLK TMR3L TMR3H To ADC SYSCLK 1 USB Capture Start-of-Frame TMR3RLL TMR3RLH (SOF) Enable Interrupt Figure 19.10. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘0’) When T3SPLIT = ‘1’, the Timer 3 registers (TMR3H and TMR3L) act as two 8-bit counters. Each counter counts up independently and overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 3 registers are latched into the Timer 3 Reload registers (TMR3RLH and TMR3RLL). A Timer 3 interrupt is generated if enabled. TMR3CN TTTTTT T FFF33R 3 333SS3 X HLLOP C EFL L CKCON N I K TTTTTTSS T 332210CC MHMLMHMLMMA1A0 TMR3RLH Capture Enable Interrupt SYSCLK / 12 0 0 External Clock / 8 1 TCLK TR3 TMR3H To ADC 1 Capture TMR3RLL SYSCLK USB Start-of-Frame (SOF) 1 TCLK TMR3L 0 Figure 19.11. Timer 3 SOF Capture Mode (T3SPLIT = ‘1’) 224 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value TF3H TF3L TF3LEN T3SOF T3SPLIT TR3 - T3XCLK 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x91 Bit7: TF3H: Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when the Timer 3 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit mode, this will occur when Timer 3 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Timer 3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 3 interrupt service routine. TF3H is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit6: TF3L: Timer 3 Low Byte Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when the Timer 3 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When this bit is set, an interrupt will be generated if TF3LEN is set and Timer 3 interrupts are enabled. TF3L will set when the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 3 mode. This bit is not automat- ically cleared by hardware. Bit5: TF3LEN: Timer 3 Low Byte Interrupt Enable. This bit enables/disables Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts. If TF3LEN is set and Timer 3 inter- rupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 3 overflows. This bit should be cleared when operating Timer 3 in 16-bit mode. 0: Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts disabled. 1: Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts enabled. Bit4: T3SOF: Timer 3 Start-Of-Frame Capture Enable 0: SOF Capture disabled. 1: SOF Capture enabled. Each time a USB SOF is received, the contents of the Timer 3 reg- isters (TMR3H and TMR3L) are latched into the Timer3 reload registers (TMR3RLH and TMR3RLH), and a Timer 3 interrupt is generated (if enabled). Bit3: T3SPLIT: Timer 3 Split Mode Enable. When this bit is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload. 0: Timer 3 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode. 1: Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers. Bit2: TR3: Timer 3 Run Control. This bit enables/disables Timer 3. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables TMR3H only; TMR3L is always enabled in this mode. 0: Timer 3 disabled. 1: Timer 3 enabled. Bit1: UNUSED. Read = 0b. Write = don’t care. Bit0: T3XCLK: Timer 3 External Clock Select. This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 3. If Timer 3 is in 8-bit mode, this bit selects the external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in register CKCON) may still be used to select between the external clock and the system clock for either timer. 0: Timer 3 external clock selection is the system clock divided by 12. 1: Timer 3 external clock selection is the external clock divided by 8. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. Rev. 1.4 225

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 19.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x92 Bits 7–0: TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte. TMR3RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 3 when operating in auto-reload mode, or the captured value of the TMR3L register when operating in capture mode. SFR Definition 19.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x93 Bits 7–0: TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte. The TMR3RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 3 when operating in auto- reload mode, or the captured value of the TMR3H register when operating in capture mode. SFR Definition 19.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x94 Bits 7–0: TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte. In 16-bit mode, the TMR3L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-bit mode, TMR3L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value. SFR Definition 19.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0x95 Bits 7–0: TMR3H: Timer 3 High Byte. In 16-bit mode, the TMR3H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-bit mode, TMR3H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value. 226 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 20. Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) The Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) provides enhanced timer functionality while requiring less CPU intervention than the standard 8051 counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer and five 16-bit capture/compare modules. Each capture/compare module has its own associated I/O line (CEXn) which is routed through the Crossbar to Port I/O when enabled (See Section “14.1. Priority Cross- bar Decoder” on page 128 for details on configuring the Crossbar). The counter/timer is driven by a pro- grammable timebase that can select between six sources: system clock, system clock divided by four, system clock divided by twelve, the external oscillator clock source divided by 8, Timer 0 overflow, or an external clock signal on the ECI input pin. Each capture/compare module may be configured to operate independently in one of six modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software Timer, High-Speed Output, Fre- quency Output, 8-Bit PWM, or 16-Bit PWM (each mode is described in Section “20.2. Capture/Compare Modules” on page 229). The external oscillator clock option is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, allowing the PCA to be clocked by a precision external oscillator while the internal oscillator drives the sys- tem clock. The PCA is configured and controlled through the system controller's Special Function Regis- ters. The PCA block diagram is shown in Figure 20.1. Note: The PCA Module 4 may be used as a watchdog timer (WDT), and is enabled in this mode following a system reset. Access to certain PCA registers is restricted while WDT mode is enabled. See Section 20.3 for details SYSCLK/12 SYSCLK/4 Timer 0 Overflow PCA 16-Bit Counter/Timer ECI CLOCK MUX SYSCLK External Clock/8 Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Capture/Compare Module 0 Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 / WDT E C C C C C C E E E E E I X X X X X 0 1 2 3 4 Crossbar Port I/O Figure 20.1. PCA Block Diagram Rev. 1.4 227

C8051F320/1 20.1. PCA Counter/Timer The 16-bit PCA counter/timer consists of two 8-bit SFRs: PCA0L and PCA0H. PCA0H is the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit counter/timer and PCA0L is the low byte (LSB). Reading PCA0L automatically latches the value of PCA0H into a “snapshot” register; the following PCA0H read accesses this “snapshot” register. Reading the PCA0L Register first guarantees an accurate reading of the entire 16-bit PCA0 counter. Reading PCA0H or PCA0L does not disturb the counter operation. The CPS2-CPS0 bits in the PCA0MD register select the timebase for the counter/timer as shown in Table 20.1. When the counter/timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the Counter Overflow Flag (CF) in PCA0CN is set to logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CF interrupts are enabled. Setting the ECF bit in PCA0MD to logic 1 enables the CF flag to generate an interrupt request. The CF bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by soft- ware (Note: PCA0 interrupts must be globally enabled before CF interrupts are recognized. PCA0 inter- rupts are globally enabled by setting the EA bit (IE.7) and the EPCA0 bit in EIE1 to logic 1). Clearing the CIDL bit in the PCA0MD register allows the PCA to continue normal operation while the CPU is in Idle mode. Table 20.1. PCA Timebase Input Options CPS2 CPS1 CPS0 Timebase 0 0 0 System clock divided by 12 0 0 1 System clock divided by 4 0 1 0 Timer 0 overflow High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided 0 1 1 by 4) 1 0 0 System clock 1 0 1 External oscillator source divided by 8* 1 1 x Reserved *Note: External oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. IDLE PCA0MD PCA0CN CWW CCCE CC CCCCC I DD PPPC FR CCCCC DT L SSSF FFFFF LEC 210 43210 To SFR Bus K PCA0L read Snapshot Register SYSCLK/12 000 SYSCLK/4 001 TEiCmIer 0 Overflow 001101 01 PCA0H PCA0L Overflow To PCA Interrupt System SYSCLK 100 CF External Clock/8 101 To PCA Modules Figure 20.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram 228 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 20.2. Capture/Compare Modules Each module can be configured to operate independently in one of six operation modes: Edge-triggered Capture, Software Timer, High Speed Output, Frequency Output, 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator, or 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator. Each module has Special Function Registers (SFRs) associated with it in the CIP- 51 system controller. These registers are used to exchange data with a module and configure the module's mode of operation. Table 20.2 summarizes the bit settings in the PCA0CPMn registers used to select the PCA capture/com- pare module’s operating modes. Setting the ECCFn bit in a PCA0CPMn register enables the module's CCFn interrupt. Note: PCA0 interrupts must be globally enabled before individual CCFn interrupts are rec- ognized. PCA0 interrupts are globally enabled by setting the EA bit and the EPCA0 bit to logic 1. See Figure 20.3 for details on the PCA interrupt configuration. Table 20.2. PCA0CPM Register Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules PWM16 ECOM CAPP CAPN MAT TOG PWM ECCF Operation Mode Capture triggered by positive edge X X 1 0 0 0 0 X on CEXn Capture triggered by negative X X 0 1 0 0 0 X edge on CEXn Capture triggered by transition on X X 1 1 0 0 0 X CEXn X 1 0 0 1 0 0 X Software Timer X 1 0 0 1 1 0 X High Speed Output X 1 0 0 X 1 1 X Frequency Output 0 1 0 0 X 0 1 X 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator 1 1 0 0 X 0 1 X 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Note: X = Don’t Care Rev. 1.4 229

C8051F320/1 (for n = 0 to 4) PCA0CPMn PCA0CN PCA0MD PECCMTPE CC CCCCC CWW CCCE WCAAAOWC FR CCCCC IDD PPPC MOPPTGMC FFFFF DTL SSSF 1MPNnnnF 43210 LEC 210 6nnn n K n PCA Counter/ 0 Timer Overflow 1 ECCF0 PCA Module 0 0 EPCA0 EA (CCF0) 1 0 0 Interrupt Priority 1 1 Decoder ECCF1 PCA Module 1 0 (CCF1) 1 ECCF2 PCA Module 2 0 (CCF2) 1 ECCF3 PCA Module 3 0 (CCF3) 1 ECCF4 PCA Module 4 0 (CCF4) 1 Figure 20.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram 20.2.1.Edge-triggered Capture Mode In this mode, a valid transition on the CEXn pin causes the PCA to capture the value of the PCA counter/ timer and load it into the corresponding module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPLn and PCA0CPHn). The CAPPn and CAPNn bits in the PCA0CPMn register are used to select the type of transi- tion that triggers the capture: low-to-high transition (positive edge), high-to-low transition (negative edge), or either transition (positive or negative edge). When a capture occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN is set to logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CCF interrupts are enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. If both CAPPn and CAPNn bits are set to logic 1, then the state of the Port pin associated with CEXn can be read directly to determine whether a rising-edge or falling-edge caused the capture. 230 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 PCA Interrupt PCA0CPMn PCA0CN PECCMTPE WCAAAOWC CC CCCCC MOPPTGMC FR CCCCC 1MPNn n n F FFFFF 6 n n n n 4 3 2 1 0 n x 0 0 0 0 x Fn) PCA0CPLn PCA0CPHn C C 0 o (t 1 Port I/O Crossbar CEXn Capture 0 1 PCA PCA0L PCA0H Timebase Figure 20.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram Note: The CEXn input signal must remain high or low for at least 2 system clock cycles to be recognized by the hardware. Rev. 1.4 231

C8051F320/1 20.2.2.Software Timer (Compare) Mode In Software Timer mode, the PCA counter/timer value is compared to the module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN is set to logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CCF interrupts are enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. Setting the ECOMn and MATn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables Software Timer mode. Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/ Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’. Write to PCA0CPLn 0 Reset ENB Write to PCA0CPHn ENB PCA Interrupt 1 PCA0CPMn PECCMTPE PCA0CN WCAAAOWC CC CCCCC MOPPTGMC PCA0CPLn PCA0CPHn FR CCCCC 1MPNnn n F FFFFF 6 nnn n 43210 n x 0 0 0 0 x 0 Enable 16-bit Comparator Match 1 PCA PCA0L PCA0H Timebase Figure 20.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram 232 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 20.2.3.High Speed Output Mode In High Speed Output mode, a module’s associated CEXn pin is toggled each time a match occurs between the PCA Counter and the module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn) Setting the TOGn, MATn, and ECOMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables the High- Speed Output mode. Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/ Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’. Write to PCA0CPLn 0 ENB Reset PCA0CPMn Write to PCA0CPHn ENB PECCMTPE 1 WCAAAOWC MOPPTGMC 1MPNn n n F 6 n n n n n x 0 0 0 x PCA Interrupt PCA0CN CC CCCCC PCA0CPLn PCA0CPHn FR CCCCC FFFFF 4 3 21 0 0 Enable 16-bit Comparator Match 1 TOGn Toggle 0 CEXn Crossbar Port I/O 1 PCA PCA0L PCA0H Timebase Figure 20.6. PCA High Speed Output Mode Diagram Rev. 1.4 233

C8051F320/1 20.2.4.Frequency Output Mode Frequency Output Mode produces a programmable-frequency square wave on the module’s associated CEXn pin. The capture/compare module high byte holds the number of PCA clocks to count before the out- put is toggled. The frequency of the square wave is then defined by Equation 20.1. Equation 20.1. Square Wave Frequency Output F F = -------------------P---C---A---------------- CEXn 2× PCA0CPHn Note: A value of 0x00 in the PCA0CPHn register is equal to 256 for this equation. Where F is the frequency of the clock selected by the CPS2-0 bits in the PCA mode register, PCA0MD. PCA The lower byte of the capture/compare module is compared to the PCA counter low byte; on a match, CEXn is toggled and the offset held in the high byte is added to the matched value in PCA0CPLn. Fre- quency Output Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, TOGn, and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register. Write to PCA0CPLn 0 ENB Reset PCA0CPMn Write to PECCMTPE PCA0CPHn ENB WCAAAOWC PCA0CPLn 8-bit Adder PCA0CPHn 1 MOPPTGMC 1MPNnnnF Adder 6nnn n Enable n TOGn x 0 00 x Toggle Enable 8-bit match 0 CEXn Crossbar Port I/O Comparator 1 PCA Timebase PCA0L Figure 20.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode 234 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 20.2.5.8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode Each module can be used independently to generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) output on its associ- ated CEXn pin. The frequency of the output is dependent on the timebase for the PCA counter/timer. The duty cycle of the PWM output signal is varied using the module's PCA0CPLn capture/compare register. When the value in the low byte of the PCA counter/timer (PCA0L) is equal to the value in PCA0CPLn, the output on the CEXn pin will be set. When the count value in PCA0L overflows, the CEXn output will be reset (see Figure 20.8). Also, when the counter/timer low byte (PCA0L) overflows from 0xFF to 0x00, PCA0CPLn is reloaded automatically with the value stored in the module’s capture/compare high byte (PCA0CPHn) without software intervention. Setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables 8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator mode. The duty cycle for 8-Bit PWM Mode is given by Equation 20.2. Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/ Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’. Equation 20.2. 8-Bit PWM Duty Cycle (256–PCA0CPHn) DutyCycle = --------------------------------------------------- 256 Using Equation 20.2, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPHn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is 0.39% (PCA0CPHn = 0xFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to ‘0’. Write to PCA0CPLn 0 PCA0CPHn Reset ENB Write to PCA0CPHn ENB 1 PCA0CPMn PECCMTPE WCAAAOWC PCA0CPLn MOPPTGMC 1MPNnn nF 6 nnn n n 0 0 0 x 0 x Enable 8-bit match S SET Q CEXn Crossbar Port I/O Comparator R Q CLR PCA Timebase PCA0L Overflow Figure 20.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram Rev. 1.4 235

C8051F320/1 20.2.6.16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode A PCA module may also be operated in 16-Bit PWM mode. In this mode, the 16-bit capture/compare mod- ule defines the number of PCA clocks for the low time of the PWM signal. When the PCA counter matches the module contents, the output on CEXn is asserted high; when the counter overflows, CEXn is asserted low. To output a varying duty cycle, new value writes should be synchronized with PCA CCFn match inter- rupts. 16-Bit PWM Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, PWMn, and PWM16n bits in the PCA0CPMn register. For a varying duty cycle, match interrupts should be enabled (ECCFn = 1 AND MATn = 1) to help synchronize the capture/compare register writes. The duty cycle for 16-Bit PWM Mode is given by Equation 20.3. Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/ Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to ‘0’; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to ‘1’. Equation 20.3. 16-Bit PWM Duty Cycle (65536–PCA0CPn) DutyCycle = ----------------------------------------------------- 65536 Using Equation 20.3, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is 0.0015% (PCA0CPn = 0xFFFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to ‘0’. Write to PCA0CPLn 0 Reset ENB Write to PCA0CPHn ENB 1 PCA0CPMn PECCMTPE WCAAAOWC PCA0CPHn PCA0CPLn MOPPTGMC 1MPNnnnF 6nnn n n 1 00x0 x Enable 16-bit Comparator match S SET Q CEXn Crossbar Port I/O R Q CLR PCA Timebase PCA0H PCA0L Overflow Figure 20.9. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode 20.3. Watchdog Timer Mode A programmable watchdog timer (WDT) function is available through the PCA Module 4. The WDT is used to generate a reset if the time between writes to the WDT update register (PCA0CPH4) exceed a specified limit. The WDT can be configured and enabled/disabled as needed by software. With the WDTE and/or WDLCK bits set to ‘1’ in the PCA0MD register, Module 4 operates as a watchdog timer (WDT). The Module 4 high byte is compared to the PCA counter high byte; the Module 4 low byte holds the offset to be used when WDT updates are performed. The Watchdog Timer is enabled on reset. Writes to some PCA registers are restricted while the Watchdog Timer is enabled. 236 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 20.3.1.Watchdog Timer Operation While the WDT is enabled: • PCA counter is forced on. • Writes to PCA0L and PCA0H are not allowed. • PCA clock source bits (CPS2-CPS0) are frozen. • PCA Idle control bit (CIDL) is frozen. • Module 4 is forced into Watchdog Timer mode. • Writes to the Module 4 mode register (PCA0CPM4) are disabled. While the WDT is enabled, writes to the CR bit will not change the PCA counter state; the counter will run until the WDT is disabled. The PCA counter run control (CR) will read zero if the WDT is enabled but user software has not enabled the PCA counter. If a match occurs between PCA0CPH4 and PCA0H while the WDT is enabled, a reset will be generated. To prevent a WDT reset, the WDT may be updated with a write of any value to PCA0CPH4. Upon a PCA0CPH4 write, PCA0H plus the offset held in PCA0CPL4 is loaded into PCA0CPH4 (See Figure 20.10). PCA0MD CWW CCCE PCA0CPH4 I DD PPPC DT L SSSF L EC 2 1 0 K 8-bit Match Reset Enable Comparator PCA0L Overflow PCA0CPL4 8-bit Adder PCA0H Adder Enable Write to PCA0CPH4 Figure 20.10. PCA Module 4 with Watchdog Timer Enabled Rev. 1.4 237

C8051F320/1 Note that the 8-bit offset held in PCA0CPH4 is compared to the upper byte of the 16-bit PCA counter. This offset value is the number of PCA0L overflows before a reset. Up to 256 PCA clocks may pass before the first PCA0L overflow occurs, depending on the value of the PCA0L when the update is performed. The total offset is then given (in PCA clocks) by Equation 20.4, where PCA0L is the value of the PCA0L register at the time of the update. Equation 20.4. Watchdog Timer Offset in PCA Clocks Offset = (256× PCA0CPL4)+ (256–PCA0L) The WDT reset is generated when PCA0L overflows while there is a match between PCA0CPH4 and PCA0H. Software may force a WDT reset by writing a ‘1’ to the CCF4 flag (PCA0CN.4) while the WDT is enabled. 20.3.2.Watchdog Timer Usage To configure the WDT, perform the following tasks: 1. Disable the WDT by writing a ‘0’ to the WDTE bit. 2. Select the desired PCA clock source (with the CPS2-CPS0 bits). 3. Load PCA0CPL4 with the desired WDT update offset value. 4. Configure the PCA Idle mode (set CIDL if the WDT should be suspended while the CPU is in Idle mode). 5. Enable the WDT by setting the WDTE bit to ‘1’. 6. (optional) Lock the WDT (prevent WDT disable until the next system reset) by setting the WDLCK bit to ‘1’. 7. Write a value to PCA0CPH4 to reload the WDT. The PCA clock source and Idle mode select cannot be changed while the WDT is enabled. The watchdog timer is enabled by setting the WDTE or WDLCK bits in the PCA0MD register. When WDLCK is set, the WDT cannot be disabled until the next system reset. If WDLCK is not set, the WDT is disabled by clearing the WDTE bit. The WDT is enabled following any reset. The PCA0 counter clock defaults to the system clock divided by 12, PCA0L defaults to 0x00, and PCA0CPL4 defaults to 0x00. Using Equation 20.4, this results in a WDT timeout interval of 256 PCA clock cycles (3072 system clock cycles). Table 20.3 lists some example time- out intervals for typical system clocks. 238 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 Table 20.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1 System Clock (Hz) PCA0CPL4 Timeout Interval (ms) 24,000,000 255 32.8 24,000,000 128 16.5 24,000,000 32 4.2 12,000,000 255 65.5 12,000,000 128 33.0 12,000,000 32 8.4 4,000,000 255 196.6 4,000,000 128 99.1 4,000,000 32 25.3 1,500,0002 255 524.3 1,500,0002 128 264.2 1,500,0002 32 67.6 32,768 255 24,000 32,768 128 12,093.75 32,768 32 3,093.75 Notes: 1. Assumes SYSCLK / 12 as the PCA clock source, and a PCA0L value of 0x00 at the update time. 2. Internal oscillator reset frequency. 20.4. Register Descriptions for PCA Following are detailed descriptions of the special function registers related to the operation of the PCA. Rev. 1.4 239

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 20.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value CF CR - CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: (bit addressable) 0xD8 Bit7: CF: PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Flag. Set by hardware when the PCA Counter/Timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit6: CR: PCA Counter/Timer Run Control. This bit enables/disables the PCA Counter/Timer. 0: PCA Counter/Timer disabled. 1: PCA Counter/Timer enabled. Bit5: UNUSED. Read = 0b, Write = don't care. Bit4: CCF4: PCA Module 4 Capture/Compare Flag. This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF4 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit3: CCF3: PCA Module 3 Capture/Compare Flag. This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit2: CCF2: PCA Module 2 Capture/Compare Flag. This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit1: CCF1: PCA Module 1 Capture/Compare Flag. This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF1 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. Bit0: CCF0: PCA Module 0 Capture/Compare Flag. This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software. 240 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 20.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value CIDL WDTE WDLCK - CPS2 CPS1 CPS0 ECF 01000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xD9 Bit7: CIDL: PCA Counter/Timer Idle Control. Specifies PCA behavior when CPU is in Idle Mode. 0: PCA continues to function normally while the system controller is in Idle Mode. 1: PCA operation is suspended while the system controller is in Idle Mode. Bit6: WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable If this bit is set, PCA Module 4 is used as the watchdog timer. 0: Watchdog Timer disabled. 1: PCA Module 4 enabled as Watchdog Timer. Bit5: WDLCK: Watchdog Timer Lock This bit enables and locks the Watchdog Timer. When WDLCK is set to ‘1’, the Watchdog Timer may not be disabled until the next system reset. 0: Watchdog Timer unlocked. 1: Watchdog Timer enabled and locked. Bit4: UNUSED. Read = 0b, Write = don't care. Bits3–1: CPS2–CPS0: PCA Counter/Timer Pulse Select. These bits select the timebase source for the PCA counter. CPS2 CPS1 CPS0 Timebase 0 0 0 System clock divided by 12 0 0 1 System clock divided by 4 0 1 0 Timer 0 overflow High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock 0 1 1 divided by 4) 1 0 0 System clock 1 0 1 External clock divided by 8* 1 1 0 Reserved 1 1 1 Reserved *Note: External oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock. Bit0: ECF: PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable. This bit sets the masking of the PCA Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt. 0: Disable the CF interrupt. 1: Enable a PCA Counter/Timer Overflow interrupt request when CF (PCA0CN.7) is set. Note: When the WDTE bit is set to ‘1’, the PCA0MD register cannot be modified. To change the contents of the PCA0MD register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled. Rev. 1.4 241

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 20.3. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value PWM16n ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn EECFn 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xDA, 0xDB, 0xDC, 0xDD, 0xDE PCA0CPMn Address: PCA0CPM0 = 0xDA (n = 0), PCA0CPM1 = 0xDB (n = 1), PCA0CPM2 = 0xDC (n = 2), PCA0CPM3 = 0xDD (n = 3), PCA0CPM4 = 0xDE (n = 4) Bit7: PWM16n: 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable. This bit selects 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled (PWMn = 1). 0: 8-bit PWM selected. 1: 16-bit PWM selected. Bit6: ECOMn: Comparator Function Enable. This bit enables/disables the comparator function for PCA module n. 0: Disabled. 1: Enabled. Bit5: CAPPn: Capture Positive Function Enable. This bit enables/disables the positive edge capture for PCA module n. 0: Disabled. 1: Enabled. Bit4: CAPNn: Capture Negative Function Enable. This bit enables/disables the negative edge capture for PCA module n. 0: Disabled. 1: Enabled. Bit3: MATn: Match Function Enable. This bit enables/disables the match function for PCA module n. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the CCFn bit in PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1. 0: Disabled. 1: Enabled. Bit2: TOGn: Toggle Function Enable. This bit enables/disables the toggle function for PCA module n. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the logic level on the CEXn pin to toggle. If the PWMn bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output Mode. 0: Disabled. 1: Enabled. Bit1: PWMn: Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable. This bit enables/disables the PWM function for PCA module n. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEXn pin. 8-bit PWM is used if PWM16n is cleared; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16n is set to logic 1. If the TOGn bit is also set, the module operates in Fre- quency Output Mode. 0: Disabled. 1: Enabled. Bit0: ECCFn: Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable. This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) interrupt. 0: Disable CCFn interrupts. 1: Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCFn is set. 242 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 20.4. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xF9 Bits 7–0: PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte. The PCA0L register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer. SFR Definition 20.5. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xFA Bits 7–0: PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte. The PCA0H register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer. SFR Definition 20.6. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xFB, 0xE9, 0xEB, 0xED, 0xFD PCA0CPLn Address: PCA0CPL0 = 0xFB (n = 0), PCA0CPL1 = 0xE9 (n = 1), PCA0CPL2 = 0xEB (n = 2), PCA0CPL3 = 0xED (n = 3), PCA0CPL4 = 0xFD (n = 4) Bits7–0: PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte. The PCA0CPLn register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module n. Rev. 1.4 243

C8051F320/1 SFR Definition 20.7. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 SFR Address: 0xFC, 0xEA, 0xEC,0xEE, 0xFE PCA0CPHn Address: PCA0CPH0 = 0xFC (n = 0), PCA0CPH1 = 0xEA (n = 1), PCA0CPH2 = 0xEC (n = 2), PCA0CPH3 = 0xEE (n = 3), PCA0CPH4 = 0xFE (n = 4) Bits7–0: PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte. The PCA0CPHn register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module n. 244 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 21. C2 Interface C8051F320/1 devices include an on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug interface to allow Flash program- ming and in-system debugging with the production part installed in the end application. The C2 interface uses a clock signal (C2CK) and a bi-directional C2 data signal (C2D) to transfer information between the device and a host system. See the C2 Interface Specification for details on the C2 protocol. 21.1. C2 Interface Registers The following describes the C2 registers necessary to perform Flash programming through the C2 inter- face. All C2 registers are accessed through the C2 interface as described in the C2 Interface Specification. C2 Register Definition 21.1. C2ADD: C2 Address Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bits7–0: The C2ADD register is accessed via the C2 interface to select the target Data register for C2 Data Read and Data Write commands. Address Description 0x00 Selects the Device ID register for Data Read instructions 0x01 Selects the Revision ID register for Data Read instructions Selects the C2 Flash Programming Control register for Data 0x02 Read/Write instructions Selects the C2 Flash Programming Data register for Data 0xB4 Read/Write instructions C2 Register Definition 21.2. C2 Device ID Reset Value 00001001 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 This read-only register returns the 8-bit device ID: 0x09 (C8051F320/1). Rev. 1.4 245

C8051F320/1 C2 Register Definition 21.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 This read-only register returns the 8-bit revision ID: 0x01 (Revision B). C2 Register Definition 21.4. FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bits7–0 FPCTL: Flash Programming Control Register. This register is used to enable Flash programming via the C2 interface. To enable C2 Flash programming, the following codes must be written in order: 0x02, 0x01. Note that once C2 Flash programming is enabled, a system reset must be issued to resume normal operation. C2 Register Definition 21.5. FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data Reset Value 00000000 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bits7-0: FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data Register. This register is used to pass Flash commands, addresses, and data during C2 Flash accesses. Valid commands are listed below. Code Command 0x06 Flash Block Read 0x07 Flash Block Write 0x08 Flash Page Erase 0x03 Device Erase 246 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 21.2. C2 Pin Sharing The C2 protocol allows the C2 pins to be shared with user functions so that in-system debugging and Flash programming functions may be performed. This is possible because C2 communication is typically performed when the device is in the halt state, where all on-chip peripherals and user software are stalled. In this halted state, the C2 interface can safely ‘borrow’ the C2CK (/RST) and C2D (P3.0) pins. In most applications, external resistors are required to isolate C2 interface traffic from the user application. A typi- cal isolation configuration is shown in Figure 21.1. C8051Fxxx /Reset (a) C2CK Input (b) C2D Output (c) C2 Interface Master Figure 21.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing The configuration in Figure 21.1 assumes the following: 1. The user input (b) cannot change state while the target device is halted. 2. The /RST pin on the target device is used as an input only. Additional resistors may be necessary depending on the specific application. Rev. 1.4 247

C8051F320/1 DOCUMENT CHANGE LIST Revision 1.1 to Revision 1.2 • Updated document with RoHS compliant information. • Updated Table 3.1, “Global Electrical Characteristics,” on page 28. • Updated package drawings in Section “4. Pinout and Package Definitions” on page 30. • Updated Figure “5.4 10-Bit ADC Track and Conversion Example Timing” on page 44. ADC takes 14 SAR clocks to convert a sample. • Added Max and Min values for Offset and Full Scale Error in Table 5.1, “ADC0 Electrical Characteris- tics,” on page 54. • Updated Bias Generator specifications in Table 6.1, “Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics,” on page 56. • Added Max values for Comparator supply current in Table 7.1, “Comparator Electrical Characteristics,” on page 66. • Updated Section “8. Voltage Regulator (REG0)” with decoupling and bypass capacitor requirements. • Updated Table 8.1, “Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications,” on page 68. • Updated how to clear the EA bit in Section “9.3. Interrupt Handler”. • Added Table 11.2, “Flash Security Summary,” on page 109. • Added Section “11.4. Flash Write and Erase Guidelines” on page 110. • Updated Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode behavior in Section “13.1.2. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode”. • Updated OSCICN reset value in SFR Definition 13.1. “OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control” on page 118. • Corrected maximum SMBus transfer speed in Section “16. SMBus”. • Updated Table 16.4, “SMBus Status Decoding,” on page 184. - Slave Transmitter (0101 0XX) - Slave Receiver (0001 00X) • Replaced Tables 17.1 though 17.6 with a single table (Table 17.1, “Timer Settings for Standard Baud Rates Using The Internal Oscillator,” on page 194). • Updated WCOL bit description in SFR Definition 18.2. “SPI0CN: SPI0 Control” on page 204. • Updated references to IT01CF in SFR Definition 19.1. TCON: Timer Control and SFR Definition 19.2. TMOD: Timer Mode. • Added Step 7 to Watchdog Timer Usage in Section “20.3.2. Watchdog Timer Usage”. • Changed sample system clock frequencies in Table 20.3, “Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1,” on page 239. • Removed references to boundary scan in Section “21. C2 Interface”. • Various formatting fixes. Revision 1.2 to Revision 1.3 • Removed references to "Boundary Scan" in the C2 chapter. • Updated package drawings to reflect JEDEC-standard nomenclature and supplier variations. • Relaxed maximum VBUS Detection Input Threshold specification in Table 5.1 from 4.0 to 2.9 V. Revision 1.3 to Revision 1.4 • Updated Table 8.1 on page 68. • Updated Table 15.2 on page 144. • Removed USB Register Definition INMAX. • Removed USB Register Definition OUTMAX. 248 Rev. 1.4

C8051F320/1 NOTES: Rev. 1.4 249

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