AS5145H/AS5145A/ AS5145B 12-Bit Programmable Magnetic Rotary Encoder General Description The AS5145 is a contactless magnetic rotary encoder for accurate angular measurement over a full turn of 360 degrees. It is a system-on-chip, combining integrated Hall elements, analog front end and digital signal processing in a single device. To measure the angle, only a simple two-pole magnet, rotating over the center of the chip, is required. The magnet can be placed above or below the IC. The absolute angle measurement provides instant indication of the magnet’s angular position with a resolution of 0.0879º = 4096 positions per revolution. This digital data is available as a serial bit stream and as a PWM signal. An internal voltage regulator allows the AS5145 to operate at either 3.3V or 5V supplies. OrderingInformation and ContentGuide appear at end of datasheet. Key Benefits & Features The benefits and features of AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B, 12-Bit Programmable Magnetic Rotary Encoder are listed below: Figure 1: Added Value of Using AS5145 Benefits Features • Contactless high resolution rotational position encoding • Highest reliability and durability over a full turn of 360 degrees • Simple programming • Simple user-programmable zero position and settings • Serial communication interface (SSI) • Multiple interfaces • 10-bit pulse width modulated (PWM) output • Quadrature A/B and Index output signal • Ideal for motor applications • Rational speeds up to 30,000 rpm • Failure detection mode for magnet placement monitoring • Failure diagnostics and loss of power supply • Serial read-out of multiple interconnected AS5145 devices • Easy setup using Daisy Chain mode ams Datasheet Page 1 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − General Description Benefits Features • Detects movement of magnet in Z-axis (Red-Yellow-Green • Great flexibility at a huge application area indicator) • Fully automotive qualified • AEC-Q100, grade 0 • Small form factor • SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm) • Robust environmental tolerance • Wide temperature range: -40°C to 150°C Applications The device is ideal for industrial applications like contactless rotary position sensing and robotics; automotive applications like steering wheel position sensing, transmission gearbox encoder, head light position control, torque sensing, valve position sensing and replacement of high end potentiometers. Block Diagram The functional blocks of this device are shown below: Figure 2: AS5145 Automotive Rotary Encoder IC VDD3V3 MagINCn MagDECn VDD5V LDO 3.3V PWM PWM Interface Sin Ang DSP Absolute DO Hall Array Cos Mag Interface CSn & (SSI) Frontend CLK Amplifier OTP PDIO Register DTEST1_A Incremental Mux AS5145 Interface DTEST2_B Mode_Index Page 2 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Pin Assignment Pin Assignment Figure 3: Pin Diagram (Top View) MagINCn 1 16 VDD5V MagDECn 2 15 VDD3V3 DTest1_A 3 14 NC A DTest2_B 4 S 13 NC 5 1 NC 5 4 12 PWM 5 Mode_Index 6 11 CSn VSS 7 10 CLK PDIO 8 9 DO Pin Description The following SSOP16 shows the description of each pin of the standard SSOP16 package (Shrink Small Outline Package, 16 leads, body size: 5.3mm x 6.2mmm; (see Figure3). Figure 4: Pin Description Pin Pin Name Pin Type Description Number Magnet Field Magnitude Increase. Active low. MagINCn 1 Indicates a distance reduction between the magnet and the device surface. (see Figure15) Digital output open drain Magnet Field Magnitude Decrease. Active low. MagDECn 2 Indicates a distance increase between the device and the magnet. (see Figure15) DTest1_A 3 Test output in default mode Digital output DTest2_B 4 Test output in default mode NC 5 - Must be left unconnected Digital input/output Select between slow (open, low: VSS) and fast Mode_Index 6 pull-down (high) mode. Internal pull-down resistor (10kΩ). VSS 7 Supply pin Negative supply voltage (GND) ams Datasheet Page 3 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Pin Assignment Pin Pin Name Pin Type Description Number OTP Programming Input and Data Input for Digital input Daisy Chain Mode. Pin has an internal pull-down PDIO 8 pull-down resistor (74kΩ). Connect this pin to VSS if programming is not required. Digital output/ DO 9 Data Output of Synchronous Serial Interface tri-state Digital input, Clock Input of Synchronous Serial Interface; CLK 10 Schmitt-Trigger input Schmitt-Trigger input Digital input Chip Select. Active low. Schmitt-Trigger input, CSn 11 pull-down, internal pull-up resistor (50kΩ) Schmitt-Trigger input PWM 12 Digital output Pulse Width Modulation NC 13 - Must be left unconnected NC 14 - Must be left unconnected 3V-Regulator output, internally regulated from VDD3V3 15 Supply pin VDD5V. Connect to VDD5V for 3V supply voltage. Do not load externally. VDD5V 16 Supply pin Positive supply voltage, 3.0V to 5.5V Pin 1 and 2 are the magnetic field change indicators, MagINCn and MagDECn (magnetic field strength increase or decrease through variation of the distance between the magnet and the device). These outputs can be used to detect the valid magnetic field range. Furthermore those indicators can also be used for contactless push-button functionality. Pin 3 and 4 are multi function pins for sync mode, sine/cosine mode and incremental mode. Pin 6 Mode_Index allows switching between filtered (slow) and unfiltered (fast mode). In incremental mode, the pin changes from input to output and provides the index pulse information. A change of the mode during operation is not allowed. The setup must be constant during power up and during operation. Pins 7, 15, and 16 are supply pins, pins 5, 13, and 14 are for internal use and must not be connected. Pin 8 (PDIO) is used to program the zero-position into the OTP(see page 27). This pin is also used as digital input to shift serial data through the device in daisy chain configuration, (see page 18). Page 4 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Pin Assignment Pin 11 Chip Select (CSn; active low) selects a device within a network of AS5145 encoders and initiates serial data transfer. A logic high at CSn puts the data output pin (DO) to tri-state and terminates serial data transfer. This pin is also used for alignment mode (see Alignment Mode) and programming mode (see Programming the AS5145). Pin 12 allows a single wire output of the 12-bit absolute position value. The value is encoded into a pulse width modulated signal with 1μs pulse width per step (1μs to 4096μs over a full turn). By using an external low pass filter, the digital PWM signal is converted into an analog voltage, e.g. for making a direct replacement of potentiometers possible. ams Datasheet Page 5 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in Electrical Characteristics is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Figure 5: Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Min Max Units Comments Electrical Parameters DC supply voltage at pin VDD5V -0.3 7 V DC supply voltage at pin VDD3V3 5 V VDD5V Input pin voltage -0.3 V Except VDD3V3 +0.3 Input current (latchup immunity) -100 100 mA EIA/JESD78 Class II Level A Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge ± 2 kV JESD22-A114E Temperature Ranges and Storage Conditions Storage temperature -55 150 ºC Min -67ºF; Max 302ºF The reflow peak soldering temperature (body temperature) specified is in accordance with IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 “Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Package body temperature 260 ºC Classification for Non-Hermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices”. The lead finish for Pb-free leaded packages is matte tin (100% Sn). Relative humidity 5 85 % non-condensing Represents a maximum floor time of Moisture sensitivity level (MSL) 3 168h Page 6 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Electrical Characteristics Electrical Characteristics T = -40ºC to 150ºC, VDD5V = 3.0V-3.6V (3V operation) AMB VDD5V = 4.5V-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted. Figure 6: Electrical Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit Operating Conditions T Ambient temperature Version H/A/B -40 150 ºC AMB I Supply current 16 21 mA supp Supply voltage at pin VDD5V 4.5 5.0 5.5 VDD5V 5V operation V Voltage regulator VDD3V3 output voltage at pin 3.0 3.3 3.6 VDD3V3 Supply voltage at pin VDD5V 3.0 3.3 3.6 VDD5V 3.3V operation (pin VDD5V and V Supply voltage at pin VDD3V3 connected) VDD3V3 3.0 3.3 3.6 VDD3V3 Power-on reset thresholds V 1,37 2.2 2.9 ON On voltage; 300mV typ. hysteresis DC supply voltage 3.3V V (VDD3V3) Power-on reset thresholds V 1.08 1.9 2.6 off Off voltage; 300mV typ. hysteresis Programming Conditions Voltage applied during V Programming voltage 3.3 3.6 V PROG programming Programming voltage Line must be V 0 1 V ProgOff off level discharged to this level Current during I Programming current 100 mA PROG programming Programmed fuse 10μA max. current @ Rprogrammed resistance (log 1) 100mV 10k ∞ Ω Unprogrammed fuse 2mA max. current @ R 50 100 Ω unprogrammed resistance (log 0) 100mV ams Datasheet Page 7 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Electrical Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit DC Characteristics CMOS Schmitt-Trigger Inputs: CLK, CSn (CSn = Internal Pull-Up) 0.7 * V High level input voltage Normal operation V IH VDD5V 0.3 * V Low level input voltage V IL VDD5V Schmitt Trigger V V 1 V Ion- Ioff hysteresis I Input leakage current CLK only -1 1 LEAK μA Pull-up low level input I CSn only, VDD5V: 5.0V -30 -100 IL current DC Characteristics CMOS / Program Input: PDIO 0.7 * V High level input voltage VDD5V V IH VDD5V V (1) High level input voltage During programming 3.3 3.6 V PROG 0.3 * V Low level input voltage V IL VDD5V I High level input current VDD5V: 5.5V 30 100 μA IH DC Characteristics CMOS Output Open Drain: MagINCn, MagDECn Open drain leakage I 1 μA OZ current VSS + V Low level output voltage V OL 0.4 VDD5V: 4.5V 4 I Output current mA O VDD5V: 3V 2 Page 8 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Electrical Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit DC Characteristics CMOS Output: PWM High level output VDD5V – V V OH voltage 0.5 VSS V Low level output voltage V OL +0.4 VDD5V: 4.5V 4 I Output current mA O VDD5V: 3V 2 DC Characteristics CMOS Output: A, B, Index High level output VDD5V – V V OH voltage 0.5 VSS V Low level output voltage V OL +0.4 VDD5V: 4.5V 4 I Output current mA O VDD5V: 3V 2 DC Characteristics Tri-State CMOS Output: DO High level output VDD5V – V V OH voltage 0.5 VSS V Low level output voltage V OL +0.4 VDD5V: 4.5V 4 I Output current mA O VDD5V: 3V 2 I Tri-state leakage current 1 μA OZ Note(s): 1. Either with 3.3V or 5V supply. ams Datasheet Page 9 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Electrical Characteristics Magnetic Input Specification T = -40°C to 150°C, VDD5V = 3.0V to 3.6V (3V operation) AMB VDD5V = 4.5 to 5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted. Two-pole cylindrical diametrically magnetized source: Figure 7: Magnetic Input Specification Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit d Diameter Recommended magnet: 4 6 mm mag Ø 6mm x 2.5mm for t Thickness cylindrical magnets 2.5 mm mag Required vertical component of the Magnetic input field magnetic field strength on B 45 75 mT pk amplitude the die’s surface, measured along a concentric circle with a radius of 1.1mm Constant magnetic stray B Magnetic offset ± 10 mT off field Field non-linearity Including offset gradient 5 % 153 rpm @ 4096 2.54 Input frequency positions/rev; fast mode f (rotational speed of Hz mag_abs magnet) 38 rpm @ 4096 0.63 positions/rev; slow mode Max. offset between defined device center and Disp Displacement radius 0.25 mm magnet axis (see Figure34) Eccentricity of magnet Ecc Eccentricity 100 μm center to rotational axis NdFeB (Neodymium Iron Recommended magnet -0.12 Boron) material and temperature %/K drift SmCo (Samarium Cobalt) -0.035 Page 10 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Electrical Characteristics System Specifications T = -40°C to 150°C, VDD5V = 3.0 to 3.6V (3V operation) AMB VDD5V = 4.5 to 5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted. Figure 8: Input Specification Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit RES Resolution 0.088 deg 12 bit Maximum error with respect to Integral non-linearity the best line fit. Centered INL ± 0.5 deg opt (optimum) magnet without calibration, T =25 ºC. AMB Maximum error with respect to the best line fit. Integral non-linearity INL Centered magnet without ± 0.9 deg temp (optimum) calibration, T = -40°C to 150ºC AMB Best line fit = (Err – Err ) / 2 max min Over displacement tolerance INL Integral non-linearity ± 1.4 deg with 6mm diameter magnet, without calibration, T = -40°C to 150ºC AMB DNL Differential non-linearity 12-bit, no missing codes ± 0.044 deg 1 sigma, fast mode (MODE = 1) 0.06 deg TN Transition noise 1 sigma, slow mode RMS 0.03 (MODE = 0 or open) Fast mode (Mode = 1); 20 Until status bit OCF = 1 t Power-up time ms PwrUp Slow mode (Mode = 0 or open); 80 Until OCF = 1 System propagation Fast mode (MODE = 1) 96 delay t absolute output : delay μs delay of ADC, DSP and Slow mode (MODE = 0 or open) 384 absolute interface System propagation delay incremental output AS5145A and t Only fast mode possible 192 μs delayINC AS5145B: delay of ADC, DSP and incremental interface ams Datasheet Page 11 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Electrical Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit T = 25ºC, slow mode AMB 2.48 2.61 2.74 (MODE=0 or open) Internal sampling rate for f kHz S absolute output: T = -40°C to 150ºC, slow AMB 2.35 2.61 2.87 mode (MODE=0 or open) T = 25ºC, fast mode AMB 9.90 10.42 10.94 (MODE = 1) Internal sampling rate for f kHz S absolute output T = -40°C to 150ºC, fast AMB 9.38 10.42 11.46 mode (MODE=1) Max. clock frequency to read CLK/SEL Read-out frequency 1 MHz out serial data Figure 9: Integral and Differential Non-Linearity Example 1023 α 1 0 bit code 1023 Actual curve 2 TN Ideal curve 1 DNL+1LSB 0 INL 0.35° 512 512 0 0 ° 180° 360 ° α[degrees] Integral Non-Linearity (INL) is the maximum deviation between actual position and indicated position. Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) is the maximum deviation of the step length from one position to the next. Transition Noise (TN) is the repeatability of an indicated position. Page 12 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Timing Characteristics Timing Characteristics T = -40°C to 150 ºC, VDD5V = 3.0 to 3.6V (3V operation) AMB VDD5V = 4.5 to 5.5V (5V operation), unless otherwise noted. Figure 10: Timing Characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) Time between falling edge of Data output activated t CSn and data output 100 ns DOactive (logic high) activated Time between falling edge of First data shifted to output t CSn and first falling edge of 500 ns CLKFE register CLK Rising edge of CLK shifts out T Start of data output 500 ns CLK/2 one bit at a time Time between rising edge of t Data output valid 413 ns DOvalid CLK and data output valid After the last bit DO changes t Data output tri-state 100 ns DOtristate back to “tri-state” CSn =high; To initiate t Pulse width of CSn read-out of next angular 500 ns CSn position Clock frequency to read out f Read-out frequency >0 1 MHz CLK serial data Pulse Width Modulation Output Signal period = 4098μs ±10% f PWM frequency 220 244 268 Hz PWM at T = -40 to 150ºC AMB PW Minimum pulse width Position 0d; angle 0 degree 0.90 1 1.10 μs MIN Position 4098d; PW Maximum pulse width 3686 4096 4506 μs MAX angle 359.91 degrees Programming Conditions t Programming time per bit Time to prog. a single fuse bit 10 20 μs PROG Time to charge the cap after t Refresh time per bit 1 μs CHARGE t PROG f LOAD frequency Data can be loaded at n x 2μs 500 kHz LOAD f READ frequency Read the data from the latch 2.5 MHz READ f WRITE frequency Write the data to the latch 2.5 MHz WRITE ams Datasheet Page 13 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Detailed Description The AS5145 is manufactured in a CMOS standard process and uses a spinning current Hall technology for sensing the magnetic field distribution across the surface of the chip. The integrated Hall elements are placed around the center of the device and deliver a voltage representation of the magnetic field at the surface of the IC. Through Sigma-Delta Analog / Digital Conversion and Digital Signal-Processing (DSP) algorithms, the AS5145 provides accurate high-resolution absolute angular position information. For this purpose a Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) calculates the angle and the magnitude of the Hall array signals. The DSP is also used to provide digital information at the outputs MagINCn and MagDECn that indicate movements of the used magnet towards or away from the device’s surface. A small low cost diametrically magnetized (two-pole) standard magnet provides the angular position information (see Figure33). The AS5145 senses the orientation of the magnetic field and calculates a 12-bit binary code. This code can be accessed via a Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI). In addition, an absolute angular representation is given by a Pulse Width Modulated signal at pin 12 (PWM). This PWM signal output also allows the generation of a direct proportional analog voltage, by using an external Low-Pass-Filter. The AS5145 is tolerant to magnet misalignment and magnetic stray fields due to differential measurement technique and Hall sensor conditioning circuitry. Figure 11: Typical Arrangement of AS5145 and Magnet Page 14 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Mode_Index Pin The Mode_Index pin activates or deactivates an internal filter that is used to reduce the analog output noise. Activating the filter (Mode pin = LOW or open) provides a reduced output noise of 0.03º rms. At the same time, the output delay is increased to 384μs. This mode is recommended for high precision, low speed applications. Deactivating the filter (Mode pin = HIGH) reduces the output delay to 96μs and provides an output noise of 0.06º rms. This mode is recommended for higher speed applications. Setup the Mode pin affects the following parameters: Figure 12: Slow and Fast Mode Parameters Slow Mode Fast Mode Parameter (Mode = Low or Open) (Mode = High, VDD= 5V) Sampling rate 2.61 kHz (384 μs) 10.42 kHz (96μs) Transition noise (1 sigma) ≤ 0.03º rms ≤ 0.06º rms Output delay 384μs 96μs Maximum speed @ 4096 38 rpm 153 rpm samples/rev Maximum speed @ 1024 153 rpm 610 rpm samples/rev Maximum speed @ 256 610 rpm 2441 rpm samples/rev Maximum speed @ 64 samples/rev 2441 rpm 9766 rpm Note(s): 1. A change of the Mode during operation is not allowed. The setup must be constant during power up and during operation. ams Datasheet Page 15 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) Figure 13: Synchronous Serial Interface with Absolute Angular Position Data CSn TCLK/2 tCSn tCLK FE tCLK FE 1 8 18 1 CLK Mag Mag Even DO D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 OCF COF LIN D11 INC DEC PAR tDO valid tDO active Angular Position Data Status Bits tDO Tristate If CSn changes to logic low, Data Out (DO) will change from high impedance (tri-state) to logic high and the read-out will be initiated. • After a minimum time t , data is latched into the CLK FE output shift register with the first falling edge of CLK. • Each subsequent rising CLK edge shifts out one bit of data. • The serial word contains 18 bits, the first 12 bits are the angular information D[11:0], the subsequent 6 bits contain system information, about the validity of data such as OCF, COF, LIN, Parity and Magnetic Field status (increase/decrease). • A subsequent measurement is initiated by a “high” pulse at CSn with a minimum duration of t . CSn Data Content D11:D0 absolute angular position data (MSB is clocked out first) OCF (Offset Compensation Finished), logic high indicates the finished Offset Compensation Algorithm COF (CORDIC Overflow), logic high indicates an out of range error in the CORDIC part. When this bit is set, the data at D11:D0 is invalid. The absolute output maintains the last valid angular value. This alarm can be resolved by bringing the magnet within the X-Y-Z tolerance limits. LIN (Linearity Alarm), logic high indicates that the input field generates a critical output linearity. When this bit is set, the data at D11:D0 can still be used, but can contain invalid data. This warning can be resolved by bringing the magnet within the X-Y-Z tolerance limits. Even Parity bit for transmission error detection of bits 1…17 (D11…D0, OCF, COF, LIN, MagINC, MagDEC) Placing the magnet above the chip, angular values increase in clockwise direction by default. Page 16 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Data D11:D0 is valid, when the status bits have the following configurations: Figure 14: Status Bit Options OCF COF LIN Mag INC Mag DEC Parity 0 0 0 1 Even checksum 1 0 0 of bits 1:15 1 0 1 1 Note(s): 1. MagInc=MagDec=1 is only recommended in YELLOW mode (see Figure15) Z-Axis Range Indication (Push Button Feature, Red/Yellow/Green Indicator) The AS5145 provides several options of detecting movement and distance of the magnet in the Z-direction. Signal indicators MagINCn and MagDECn are available both as hardware pins (pins #1 and 2) and as status bits in the serial data stream (see Figure15). In the default state, the status bits MagINC, MagDec and pins MagINCn, MagDECn have the following function: Figure 15: Magnetic Field Strength Red-Yellow-Green Indicator Hardware Status Bits OTP: Mag CompEn = 1 (Red-Yellow-Green) Pins Mac Mag Mac Mag LIN Description INC DEC INCn DECn No distance change 0 0 0 Off Off Magnetic input field OK (GREEN range, ~45mT to 75mT) YELLOW range: magnetic field is ~ 25mT to 45mT or 1 1 0 On Off ~75mT to 135mT. The AS5145 can still be operated in this range, but with slightly reduced accuracy. RED range: magnetic field is ~<25mT or >~135mT. It is still 1 1 1 On On possible to operate the AS5145 in the red range, but not recommended. All other combinations n/a n/a Not available Note(s): 1. Pin 1 (MagINCn) and pin 2 (MagDECn) are active low via open drain output and require an external pull-up resistor. If the magnetic field is in range, both outputs are turned off. ams Datasheet Page 17 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description The two pins can also be combined with a single pull-up resistor. In this case, the signal is high when the magnetic field is in range. It is low in all other cases (see Figure15). Incremental Mode The AS5145 has an internal interpolator block. This function is used if the input magnetic field is to fast and a code position is missing. In this case an interpolation is done. With the OTP bits OutputMd0 and OutputMd1 a specific mode can be selected. For the available pre-programmed incremental versions (10-bit and 12-bit), these bits are set during test at ams. These settings are permanent and can not be recovered. A change of the incremental mode (WRITE command) during operation could cause problems. A power-on-reset in between is recommended. Figure 16: Incremental Resolution DTest1_A Output Output and Index Mode Description Resolution Md1 Md0 DTest2_B Width Pulses AS5145 function DTEST1_A and DTEST2_B are not Default used. The Mode_Index 0 0 mode pin is used for selection of the decimation rate (low speed/high speed). 10-bit DTEST1_A and Incremental DTEST2_B are used as 0 1 10 256 mode A and B signal. In this (low DNL) mode the Mode_Index Pin is switched from 1/3 input to output and will LSB 12-bit be the Index Pin. The Incremental decimation rate is set to 1 0 12 1024 mode 64 (fast mode) and (high DNL) cannot be changed from external. In this mode a control signal is switched to Sync mode 1 1 DTEST1_A and DTEST2_B. Page 18 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Incremental Power-Up Lock Option After power-up, the incremental outputs can optionally be locked or unlocked, depending on the status of the CSn pin: • CSn = low at power-up: CSn has an internal pull-up resistor and must be externally pulled low (R ≤5kΩ). If Csn is ext low at power-up, the incremental outputs (A, B, Index) will be high until the internal offset compensation is finished. This unique state (A=B=Index = high) can be used as an indicator for the external controller to shorten the waiting time at power-up. Instead of waiting for the specified maximum power up-time (0), the controller can start requesting data from the AS5145 as soon as the state (A=B=Index = high) is cleared. • CSn = high or open at power-up: In this mode, the incremental outputs (A, B, Index) will remain at logic high state, until CSn goes low or a low pulse is applied at CSn. This mode allows intentional disabling of the incremental outputs until, for example the system microcontroller is ready to receive data. Figure 17: Incremental Output ClockWise Programmed Counter ClockWise Zero Position D Test1_A D Test2_B 1 LSB Mode_Index 3 LSB The hysteresis trimming is done at the final test (factory trimming) and set to 4 LSB, related to a 12-bit number. ams Datasheet Page 19 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Incremental Output Hysteresis To avoid flickering incremental outputs at a stationary magnet position, a hysteresis is introduced. In case of a rotational direction change, the incremental outputs have a hysteresis of 4 LSB. Regardless of the programmed incremental resolution, the hysteresis of 4 LSB always corresponds to the highest resolution of 12-bit. In absolute terms, the hysteresis is set to 0.35 degrees for all resolutions. For constant rotational directions, every magnet position change is indicated at the incremental outputs (see Figure18). For example, if the magnet turns clockwise from position “x+3“to “x+4“, the incremental output would also indicate this position accordingly. A change of the magnet’s rotational direction back to position “x+3“means that the incremental output still remains unchanged for the duration of 4 LSB, until position “x+2“is reached. Following this direction, the incremental outputs will again be updated with every change of the magnet position. Figure 18: Hysteresis Window for Incremental Outputs Incremental Output Hysteresis: Indication 0.35° X +6 X +5 X +4 X +3 X +2 X +1 X Magnet Position X X +1 X +2 X +3 X +4 X +5 X +6 Clockwise Direction Counterclockwise Direction Incremental Output Validity During power on the incremental output is kept stable high until the offset compensation is finished and the CSn is low (internal Pull Up) the first time. In quadrature mode A = B = Index = high indicates an invalid output. If the interpolator recognizes a difference larger than 128 steps between two samples it holds the last valid state. The interpolator synchronizes up again with the next valid difference. This avoids undefined output burst, e.g. if no magnet is present. Page 20 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Sync Mode This mode is used to synchronize the external electronic with the AS5145. In this mode two signals are provided at the pins DTEST1_A and DTEST2_B. By setting of Md0=1 and Md1=1 in the OTP register, the Sync Mode will be activated. Figure 19: DTest1_A and DTest2_B 400µs (100µs) DTest1_A DTest1_B Every rising edge at DTEST1_A indicates that new data in the device is available. With this signal it is possible to trigger an external customer microcontroller (interrupt) and start the SSI readout. DTEST2_B indicates the phase of available data. Sine/Cosine Mode This mode can be enabled by setting the OTP Factory-bit FS2. If this mode is activated the 16 bit sine and 16 bit cosine digital data of both channels will be switched out. Due to the high resolution of 16 bits of the data stream an accurate calculation can be done externally. In this mode the open drain outputs of DTEST1_A and DTEST2_B are switched to push-pull mode. At pin MagDECn the clock impulse, at pin MagINCn the Enable pulse will be switched out. The pin PWM indicates, which phase of signal is being presented. The mode is not available in the default mode. ams Datasheet Page 21 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Daisy Chain Mode The daisy chain mode allows connection of several AS5145s in series, while still keeping just one digital input for data transfer (see “Data IN” in Figure20). This mode is accomplished by connecting the data output (DO; pin 9) to the data input (PDIO; pin 8) of the subsequent device. The serial data of all connected devices is read from the DO pin of the first device in the chain. The length of the serial bit stream increases with every connected device, it is n * (18+1) bits: n= number of devices. e.g. 38 bit for two devices, 57 bit for three devices, etc. The last data bit of the first device (Parity) is followed by a dummy bit and the first data bit of the second device (D11), etc. (see Figure21). Figure 20: Daisy Chain Hardware Configuration AS5145 AS5145 AS5145 µC 1st Device 2nd Device last Device Data IN DO PDIO DO PDIO DO PDIO CSn CLK CSn CLK CSn CLK CLK CSn Figure 21: Daisy Chain Mode Data Transfer CSn tCLK FE TCLK/2 1 8 18 D 1 2 3 CLK DO D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 OCF COF LIN Mag Mag Even D11 D10 D9 INC DEC PAR tDO active tDO valid Angular Position Data Status Bits Angular Position Data 1st Device 2nd Device Page 22 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Output The AS5145 provides a pulse width modulated output (PWM), whose duty cycle is proportional to the measured angle. For angle position 0 to 4094 t ⋅4098 (EQ1) Position = ----o--n--------------------–1 (t +t ) on off Examples: 1. An angle position of 180° will generate a pulse width ton = 2049μs and a pause toff of 2049 μs resulting in Position = 2048 after the calculation: 2049 * 4098 / (2049 + 2049) -1 = 2048 2. An angle position of 359.8° will generate a pulse width ton = 4095μs and a pause toff of 3 μs resulting in Position = 4094 after the calculation: 4095 * 4098 / (4095 + 3) -1 = 4094 Exception: 1. An angle position of 359.9° will generate a pulse width ton = 4097μs and a pause toff of 1 μs resulting in Position = 4096 after the calculation: 4097 * 4098 / (4097 + 1) -1 = 4096 The PWM frequency is internally trimmed to an accuracy of ±5% (±10% over full temperature range). This tolerance can be cancelled by measuring the complete duty cycle as shown above. Figure 22: PWM Output Signal Angle PWMIN 0 deg (Pos 0) 1µs 4098µs PWMAX 359.91 deg (Pos 4095) 4097µs 1/fPWM ams Datasheet Page 23 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Changing the PWM Frequency The PWM frequency of the AS5145 can be divided by two by setting a bit (PWMhalfEN) in the OTP register (see Programming the AS5145). With PWMhalfEN = 0 the PWM timing is as shown in Figure23: Figure 23: PWM Signal Parameters (Default Mode) Symbol Parameter Typ Unit Note f PWM frequency 244 Hz Signal period: 4097μs PWM • Position 0d PW MIN pulse width 1 μs MIN • Angle 0 deg • Position 4095d PW MAX pulse width 4097 μs MAX • Angle 359.91 deg When PWMhalfEN = 1, the PWM timing is as shown in Figure24: Figure 24: PWM Signal Parameters with Half Frequency (OTP Option) Symbol Parameter Typ Unit Note f PWM frequency 122 Hz Signal period: 8194μs PWM • Position 0d PW MIN pulse width 2 μs MIN • Angle 0 deg • Position 4095d PW MAX pulse width 8194 μs MAX • Angle 359.91 deg Page 24 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Detailed Description Analog Output An analog output can be generated by averaging the PWM signal, using an external active or passive low pass filter. The analog output voltage is proportional to the angle: 0º= 0V; 360º = VDD5V. Using this method, the AS5145 can be used as direct replacement of potentiometers. Figure 25: Simple 2nd Order Passive RC Low Pass Filter R1 R2 analog out Pin12 PWM VDD C1 C2 0V Pin7 0º 360º VSS Figure25 shows an example of a simple passive low pass filter to generate the analog output. (EQ2) R1,R2 ≥ 10kΩ C1,C2 ≥ 2.2μF / 6V R1 should be greater than or equal to 4k7 to avoid loading of the PWM output. Larger values of Rx and Cx will provide better filtering and less ripple, but will also slow down the response time. ams Datasheet Page 25 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Application Information The benefits of AS5145 are as follows: • Complete system-on-chip • Flexible system solution provides absolute and PWM outputs simultaneously • Ideal for applications in harsh environments due to contactless position sensing • No calibration required • No temperature compensation necessary Programming the AS5145 After power-on, programming the AS5145 is enabled with the rising edge of CSn with PDIO = high and CLK = low. The AS5145 programming is a one-time-programming (OTP) method, based on poly silicon fuses. The advantage of this method is that a programming voltage of only 3.3V to 3.6V is required for programming (either with 3.3V or 5V supply). The OTP consists of 52 bits, of which 21 bits are available for user programming. The remaining 31 bits contain factory settings and a unique chip identifier (Chip-ID). A single OTP cell can be programmed only once. Per default, the cell is “0”; a programmed cell will contain a “1”. While it is not possible to reset a programmed bit from “1” to “0”, multiple OTP writes are possible, as long as only unprogrammed “0”-bits are programmed to “1”. Independent of the OTP programming, it is possible to overwrite the OTP register temporarily with an OTP write command at any time. This setting will be cleared and overwritten with the hard programmed OTP settings at each power-up sequence or by a LOAD operation. Use application note AN514X_10 to get more information about the programming options. The OTP memory can be accessed in the following ways: • Load Operation: The Load operation reads the OTP fuses and loads the contents into the OTP register. A Load operation is automatically executed after each power-on-reset. • Write Operation: The Write operation allows a temporary modification of the OTP register. It does not program the OTP. This operation can be invoked multiple times and will remain set while the chip is supplied with power and while the OTP register is not modified with another Write or Load operation. • Read Operation: The Read operation reads the contents of the OTP register, for example to verify a Write command or to read the OTP memory after a Load command. • Program Operation: The Program operation writes the contents of the OTP register permanently into the OTP ROM. Page 26 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information • Analog Readback Operation: The Analog Readback operation allows a quantifiable verification of the programming. For each programmed or unprogrammed bit, there is a representative analog value (in essence, a resistor value) that is read to verify whether a bit has been successfully programmed or not. Zero Position Programming Zero position programming is an OTP option that simplifies assembly of a system, as the magnet does not need to be manually adjusted to the mechanical zero position. Once the assembly is completed, the mechanical and electrical zero positions can be matched by software. Any position within a full turn can be defined as the permanent new zero position. For zero position programming, the magnet is turned to the mechanical zero position (e.g. the “off”-position of a rotary switch) and the actual angular value is read. This value is written into the OTP register bits Z35:Z46 (see Figure28). Note(s): The zero position value can also be modified before programming, e.g. to program an electrical zero position that is 180º (half turn) from the mechanical zero position, just add 2048 to the value read at the mechanical zero position and program the new value into the OTP register. ams Datasheet Page 27 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information OTP Memory Assignment Figure 26: OTP Bit Assignment Bit Symbol Function mbit1 Factory Bit 1 PMW frequency Index pulse 51 PWMhalfEN_Index width width Alarm mode (programmed by 50 MagCompEn ams to 1) 49 pwmDIS Disable PWM 48 Output Md0 Default, 10-bit inc, 12-bit inc n Sync mode o 47 Output Md1 ti c e S 46 Z0 r e m : : 12-bit Zero Position to s u C 35 Z11 34 CCW Direction 33 RA0 : : Redundancy Address 29 RA4 28 FS 0 27 FS 1 26 FS 2 25 FS 3 n o 24 FS 4 cti e Factory Bit S y 23 FS 5 r o t c : : Fa 20 FS 8 19 FS 9 18 FS 10 Page 28 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Bit Symbol Function 17 ChipID0 n 16 ChipID1 o 18-bit Chip ID cti e : : S D I 0 ChipID17 mbit0 Factory Bit 0 User Selectable Settings The AS5145 allows programming of the following user selectable options: • PWMhalfEN_Indexwidth: Setting this bit, the PWM pulse will be divided by 2, in case of quadrature incremental mode A/B/Index setting of index impulse width from 1 LSB to 3LSB • Output Md0: Setting this bit enables sync- or 10-bit incremental mode (see Figure16). • Output Md1: Setting this bit enables sync- or 12-bit incremental mode (see Figure16). • Z [11:0]: Programmable Zero / Index Position • CCW: Counter Clockwise Bit ccw=0 – angular value increases in clockwise direction ccw=1 – angular value increases in counterclockwise direction • RA [4:0]: Redundant Address: an OTP bit location addressed by this address is always set to “1” independent of the corresponding original OTP bit setting OTP Default Setting The AS5145 can also be operated without programming. The default, un-programmed setting is: • Output Md0, Output MD1: 00= Default mode • Z0 to Z11: 00 = no programmed zero position • CCW: 0 = clockwise operation • RA4 to RA0:0 = no OTP bit is selected • MagCompEN: 1 = The green/yellow Mode is enabled ams Datasheet Page 29 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Redundancy For a better programming reliability a redundancy is implemented. In case when the programming of one bit failed this function can be used. With an address RA(4:0) one bit can be selected and programmed. Figure 27: Redundancy Addressing h dt wi Address alfEN_Index MagCompEN pwmDIS Output Md0 Output Md1 Z0 Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5 Z6 Z7 Z8 Z9 Z10 Z11 CCW h M W P 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00001 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00010 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00011 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00100 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00101 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00110 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00111 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 01101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 01110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 01111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 10001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10101 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Page 30 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Redundant Programming Option In addition to the regular programming, a redundant programming option is available. This option allows that one selectable OTP bit can be set to “1” (programmed state) by writing the location of that bit into a 5-bit address decoder. This address can be stored in bits RA4...RA0 in the OTP user settings. Example: setting RA4…0 to “00001” will select bit 51 = PWhalfEN_Indexwidth, “00010” selects bit 50 = MagCompEN, “10010” selects bit 34 =CCW, etc. OTP Register Entry and Exit Condition For timing options, refer to Programming the AS5145. Figure 28: OTP Access Timing Diagram Setup Condition OTP Access CSn PDIO CLK Operation Mode Selection Exit Condition To avoid accidental modification of the OTP during normal operation, each OTP access (Load, Write, Read, Program) requires a defined entry and exit procedure, using the CSn, PDIO and CLK signals as shown in Figure28. ams Datasheet Page 31 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Figure 29: OTP Programming Connection AS5145 Demoboard For programming, keep these6 wires IC1 B asshort as possible! S U 1 MagINCn VDD5V 16 max. length = 2 inches (5cm) connect to USB 2 MagDECn VDD3V3 15 interface on PC 3V3 3 DTest1_A NC 14 7 4 DTest2_B NC 13 6 PROG 3 VPROG 5 NC PWM 12 5 DCOSN µC 2 + 6 Mode_Index CSn 11 4 CLK 1 10µF 78 PVDSSIO CDLOK 190 231 5VVVDSUSD3SVB3 3.3V S…S 4.6 VGND 10n AS5145 2.2µF 22k GND oOnTlyP r perqougirreadm fmoring Cap only required for OTP programming Alignment Mode The alignment mode simplifies centering the magnet over the center of the chip to gain maximum accuracy. Alignment mode can be enabled with the falling edge of CSn while PDIO = logic high (see Figure30). The Data bits D11-D0 of the SSI change to a 12-bit displacement amplitude output. A high value indicates large X or Y displacement, but also higher absolute magnetic field strength. The magnet is properly aligned, when the difference between highest and lowest value over one full turn is at a minimum. Under normal conditions, a properly aligned magnet will result in a reading of less than 128 over a full turn. The MagINCn and MagDECn indicators will be = 1 when the alignment mode reading is < 128. At the same time, both hardware pins MagINCn (#1) and MagDECn (#2) will be pulled to VSS. A properly aligned magnet will therefore produce a MagINCn = MagDECn = 1 signal throughout a full 360º turn of the magnet. Stronger magnets or short gaps between magnet and IC will show values larger than 128. These magnets are still properly aligned as long as the difference between highest and lowest value over one full turn is at a minimum. The Alignment mode can be reset to normal operation by a power-on-reset (disconnect / re-connect power supply) or by a falling edge on CSn with PDIO = low. Page 32 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Figure 30: Enabling the Alignment Mode PDIO Read-out AlignMode enable via SSI CSn 2µs 2µs min. min. Figure 31: Exiting Alignment Mode PDIO Read-out exit AlignMode via SSI CSn ams Datasheet Page 33 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information 3.3V / 5V Operation The AS5145 operates either at 3.3V ±10% or at 5V ±10%. This is made possible by an internal 3.3V Low-Dropout (LDO) Voltage regulator. The internal supply voltage is always taken from the output of the LDO, meaning that the internal blocks are always operating at 3.3V. For 3.3V operation, the LDO must be bypassed by connecting VDD3V3 with VDD5V (see Figure32). For 5V operation, the 5V supply is connected to pin VDD5V, while VDD3V3 (LDO output) must be buffered by a 1μF to 10μF capacitor, which is supposed to be placed close to the supply pin (see Figure32) with recommended 2.2μF). Note(s): The VDD3V3 output is intended for internal use only It must not be loaded with an external load. The output voltage of the digital interface I/O’s corresponds to the voltage at pin VDD5V, as the I/O buffers are supplied from this pin. Figure 32: Connections for 5V / 3.3V Supply Voltages 5V Operation 3.3V Operation 2.2 ... 10µF VDD3V3 VDD3V3 100nF 100nF VDD5V Internal VDD5V Internal LDO VDD LDO VDD PDWOM DO + I CLK + I PWM - 4.5 - 5.5V N - 3.0 - 3.6V N T CSn T CLK E E CSn R R F F A A C C E E PDIO PDIO VSS VSS Page 34 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information A buffer capacitor of 100nF is recommended in both cases close to pin VDD 5V. Note that pin VDD 3V3 must always be buffered by a capacitor. It must not be left floating, as this may cause an instable internal 3.3V supply voltage which can lead to larger than normal jitter of the measured angle. Selecting Proper Magnet Typically the magnet is 6mm in diameter and 2.5mm in height. Magnetic materials such as rare earth AlNiCo/SmCo5 or NdFeB are recommended. The magnetic field strength perpendicular to the die surface has to be in the range of ±45mT to ±75mT (peak). The magnet’s field strength is verified using a gauss-meter. The magnetic field Bv at a given distance, along a concentric circle with a radius of 1.1mm (R1) is in the range of ±45mT to ±75mT(see Figure33). Figure 33: Typical Magnet (6x3mm) and Magnetic Field Distribution typ. 6mm diameter N S Magnet axis Magnet axis R1 Vertical field component R1 concentric circle; radius 1.1mm Vertical field component Bv (45…75mT) 0 360 360 ams Datasheet Page 35 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Physical Placement of the Magnet The best linearity can be achieved by placing the center of the magnet exactly over the defined center of the chip as shown in the drawing below: Figure 34: Defined Chip Center and Magnet Displacement Radius 3.9mm 3.9mm 1 m m 5 2 3 4 2. Defined center Rd m m 5 2 43 Area of recommended maximum mag- 2. net misalignment Magnet Placement The magnet’s center axis must be aligned within a displacement radius Rd of 0.25mm from the defined center of the IC. The magnet can be placed below or above the device. The distance can be chosen such that the magnetic field on the die surface is within the specified limits (see Figure34). The typical distance “z” between the magnet and the package surface is 0.5mm to 1.5mm, provided the use of the recommended magnet material and dimensions (6mm x 3mm). Larger distances are possible, as long as the required magnetic field strength stays within the defined limits. A magnetic field outside the specified range still can be detected by the chip. But the out-of-range condition will be indicated by MagINCn (pin 1) and MagDECn (pin 2), (see Figure4). Page 36 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Failure Diagnostics The AS5145 also offers several diagnostic and failure detection features: Magnetic Field Strength Diagnosis By software: the MagINC and MagDEC status bits will both be high when the magnetic field is out of range. By hardware: Pins #1 (MagINCn) and #2 (MagDECn) are open-drain outputs and will both be turned on (= low with external pull-up resistor) when the magnetic field is out of range. If only one of the outputs are low, the magnet is either moving towards the chip (MagINCn) or away from the chip (MagDECn). Power Supply Failure Detection By software: If the power supply to the AS5145 is interrupted, the digital data read by the SSI will be all “0”s. Data is only valid, when bit OCF is high, hence a data stream with all “0”s is invalid. To ensure adequate low levels in the failure case, a pull-down resistor (~10kΩ) must be added between pin DIO and VSS at the receiving side. By hardware: The MagINCn and MagDECn pins are open drain outputs and require external pull-up resistors. In normal operation, these pins are high ohmic and the outputs are high (see Figure15). In a failure case, either when the magnetic field is out of range of the power supply is missing, these outputs will become low. To ensure adequate low levels in case of a broken power supply to the AS5145, the pull-up resistors (~10kΩ) from each pin must be connected to the positive supply at pin 16 (VDD5V). By hardware: PWM output: The PWM output is a constant stream of pulses with 1kHz repetition frequency. In case of power loss, these pulses are missing. ams Datasheet Page 37 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Angular Output Tolerances Accuracy Accuracy is defined as the error between measured angle and actual angle. It is influenced by several factors: • The non-linearity of the analog-digital converters • Internal gain and mismatch errors • Non-linearity due to misalignment of the magnet As a sum of all these errors, the accuracy with centered magnet = (Errmax – Errmin)/2 is specified as better than ±0.5 degrees @ 25ºC (see Figure36). Misalignment of the magnet further reduces the accuracy. Figure35 shows an example of a 3D-graph displaying non-linearity over XY-misalignment. The center of the square XY-area corresponds to a centered magnet (see dot in the center of the graph). The X- and Y- axis extends to a misalignment of ±1mm in both directions. The total misalignment area of the graph covers a square of 2x2mm (79x79mil) with a step size of 100μm. For each misalignment step, the measurement as shown in Figure36 is repeated and the accuracy (Errmax – Errmin)/2 (e.g. 0.25º in Figure36) is entered as the Z-axis in the 3D-graph. Figure 35: Example of Linearity Error Over XY Misalignment 6 5 4 ° 3 800 2 500 200 1 -100 0 x 00 0 -400 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 6 40 00 0 -700 2 0 y -20 -400 -600 800 00 -1000 - 0 1 - Page 38 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information The maximum non-linearity error on this example is better than ±1 degree (inner circle) over a misalignment radius of ~0.7mm. For volume production, the placement tolerance of the IC within the package (±0.235mm) must also be taken into account. The total nonlinearity error over process tolerances, temperature and a misalignment circle radius of 0.25mm is specified better than ±1.4 degrees. The magnet used for this measurement was a cylindrical NdFeB (Bomatec® BMN-35H) magnet with 6mm diameter and 2.5mm in height. Figure 36: Example of Linearity Error Over 360º 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 transition noise 0.1 Errm ax 0 1 55 109 163 217 271 325 379 433 487 541 595 649 703 757 811 865 919 973 -0.1 Errm in -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 Transition Noise Transition noise is defined as the jitter in the transition between two steps. Due to the nature of the measurement principle (Hall sensors + Preamplifier + ADC), there is always a certain degree of noise involved. This transition noise voltage results in an angular transition noise at the outputs. It is specified as 0.06 degrees rms (1 sigma)x1 in fast mode (pin MODE = high) and 0.03 degrees rms (1 sigma)x1 in slow mode (pin MODE = low or open). This is the repeatability of an indicated angle at a given mechanical position. The transition noise has different implications on the type of output that is used: • Absolute Output; SSI Interface: The transition noise of the absolute output can be reduced by the user by implementing averaging of readings. An averaging of 4 readings will reduce the transition noise by 6dB or 50%, e.g. from 0.03ºrms to 0.015ºrms (1 sigma) in slow mode. ams Datasheet Page 39 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information • PWM Interface: If the PWM interface is used as an analog output by adding a low pass filter, the transition noise can be reduced by lowering the cutoff frequency of the filter. If the PWM interface is used as a digital interface with a counter at the receiving side, the transition noise can be further reduced by averaging of readings. • Incremental Mode: In incremental mode, the transition noise influences the period, width and phase shift of the output signals A, B and Index. However, the algorithm used to generate the incremental outputs guarantees no missing or additional pulses even at high speeds (up to 15,000 rpm and higher). Note(s): Statistically, 1 sigma represents 68.27% of readings and 3 sigma represents 99.73% of readings. High Speed Operation • Sampling Rate: The AS5145 samples the angular value at a rate of 2.61k (slow mode) or 10.42k (fast mode, selectable by pin MODE) samples per second. Consequently, the absolute outputs are updated each 384μs (96μs in fast mode). At a stationary position of the magnet, the sampling rate creates no additional error. • Absolute Mode: At a sampling rate of 2.6kHz/10.4kHz, the number of samples (n) per turn for a magnet rotating at high speed can be calculated by 60 (EQ3) n = ----------------------------------- slowmode rpm⋅(384)μs 60 (EQ4) n = --------------------------- fastmode rmp⋅96μs The upper speed limit in slow mode is ~6,000 rpm and ~30,000 rpm in fast mode. The only restriction at high speed is that there will be fewer samples per revolution as the speed increases (see Figure12). Regardless of the rotational speed, the absolute angular value is always sampled at the highest resolution of 12-bit. • Incremental Mode: Incremental encoders are usually required to produce no missing pulses up to several thousand rpm. Therefore, the AS5145 has a built-in interpolator, which ensures that there are no missing pulses at the incremental outputs for rotational speeds of up to 15,000 rpm, even at the highest resolution of 12 bits (4096 pulses per revolution). Page 40 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Propagation Delays The propagation delay is the delay between the time that the sample is taken until it is converted and available as angular data. This delay is 96μs in fast mode and 384μs in slow mode. Using the SSI interface for absolute data transmission, an additional delay must be considered, caused by the asynchronous sampling (0 … 1/fsample) and the time it takes the external control unit to read and process the angular data from the chip (maximum clock rate = 1MHz, number of bits per reading = 18). Angular Error Caused by Propagation Delay A rotating magnet will cause an angular error caused by the output propagation delay. This error increases linearly with speed: (EQ5) e = rpm * 6 * prop.delay sampling where: esampling = angular error [º] rpm = rotating speed [rpm] prop.delay = propagation delay [seconds] Note(s): Since the propagation delay is known, it can be automatically compensated by the control unit processing the data from the AS5145. Internal Timing Tolerance The AS5145 does not require an external ceramic resonator or quartz. All internal clock timings for the AS5145 are generated by an on-chip RC oscillator. This oscillator is factory trimmed to ±5% accuracy at room temperature (±10% over full temperature range). This tolerance influences the ADC sampling rate and the pulse width of the PWM output: • Absolute output; SSI interface: A new angular value is updated every 96μs (typ) in fast mode and every 384μs (typ) in slow mode. • PWM output: A new angular value is updated every 384μs (typ). The PWM pulse timings T and T also have the on off same tolerance as the internal oscillator. If only the PWM pulse width Ton is used to measure the angle, the resulting value also has this timing tolerance. However, this tolerance can be cancelled by measuring both Ton and T and calculating the angle from the duty cycle (see off Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Output) t ⋅4097 (EQ6) Position = ----o--n--------------------–1 (t +t ) on off ams Datasheet Page 41 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Temperature Magnetic Temperature Coefficient. One of the major benefits of the AS5145 compared to linear Hall sensors is that it is much less sensitive to temperature. While linear Hall sensors require a compensation of the magnet’s temperature coefficients, the AS5145 automatically compensates for the varying magnetic field strength over temperature. The magnet’s temperature drift does not need to be considered, as the AS5145 operates with magnetic field strengths from ±45mT to ±75mT. Example: A NdFeB magnet has a field strength of 75mT @ –40ºC and a temperature coefficient of -0.12% per Kelvin. The temperature change is from -40ºC to 125ºC = 165K.The magnetic field change is: 165 x -0.12% = -19.8%, which corresponds to 75mT at -40ºC and 60mT at 125ºC. The AS5145 can compensate for this temperature related field strength change automatically, no user adjustment is required. Accuracy Over Temperature The influence of temperature in the absolute accuracy is very low. While the accuracy is less than or equal to ±0.5º at room temperature, it can increase to less than or equal to ±0.9º due to increasing noise at high temperatures. Timing Tolerance Over Temperature. The internal RC oscillator is factory trimmed to ±5%. Over temperature, this tolerance can increase to ±10%. Generally, the timing tolerance has no influence in the accuracy or resolution of the system, as it is used mainly for internal clock generation. The only concern to the user is the width of the PWM output pulse, which relates directly to the timing tolerance of the internal oscillator. This influence however can be cancelled by measuring the complete PWM duty cycle instead of just the PWM pulse. Page 42 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Application Information Differences Between AS5145H, AS5145A and AS5145B Figure 37: Functional Differences Function AS5145H AS5145A AS5145B Selectable by customer via Filtering mode Pre-defined to Fast mode Mode pin (see Figure12) Mode_Index pin Input. Must be set hard wired on PCB Output Output Incremental mode Default disabled. Can be enabled by Pre-defined to 2x256 Pre-defined to setting customer via programming ppr low-jitter (10-bit) 2x1024 ppr (12-bit) Resolution absolute angle output 12-Bit angle (PWM and SSI) ams Datasheet Page 43 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Package Drawings & Markings Package Drawings & Markings The device is available in SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm). Figure 38: Package Drawings and Dimensions Symbol Min Nom Max A 1.73 1.86 1.99 A1 0.05 0.13 0.21 A2 1.68 1.73 1.78 b 0.22 0.315 0.38 c 0.09 0.17 0.25 D 5.90 6.20 6.50 E 7.40 7.80 8.20 E1 5.00 5.30 5.60 e - 0.65 BSC - L 0.55 0.75 0.95 L1 - 1.25 REF - L2 - 0.25 BSC - R 0.09 - - Q 0º 4º 8º N 16 RoHS Green Note(s): 1. Dimensions and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5M-1994. 2. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees. Figure 39: Package Code: YYWWMZZ YY WW M ZZ @ Manufacturing year Manufacturing week Plant identifier Assembly traceability code Sublot identifier Page 44 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Package Drawings & Markings Figure 40: Vertical Cross Section of SSOP-16 Note(s): 1. All dimensions in mm. ams Datasheet Page 45 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Package Drawings & Markings Recommended PCB Footprint Figure 41: PCB Footprint Recommended Footprint Data Symbol mm A 9.02 B 6.16 C 0.46 D 0.65 E 5.01 Page 46 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Ordering & Contact Information Ordering & Contact Information The devices are available as the standard products shown in Figure42. Figure 42: Ordering Information Delivery Delivery Ordering Code Description Package Form Quantity AS5145H-HSST 2000 pcs/reel 12-Bit Programmable Tape & Reel Magnetic Rotary Encoder AS5145H-HSSM 500 pcs/reel AS5145A-HSST 2000 pcs/reel Pre-programmed 10-bit SSOP 16 Tape & Reel incremental (5.3mm x 6.2mm) AS5145A-HSSM 500 pcs/reel AS5145B-HSST 2000 pcs/reel Pre-programmed 12-bit Tape & Reel incremental AS5145B-HSSM 500 pcs/reel Buy our products or get free samples online at: www.ams.com/ICdirect Technical Support is available at: www.ams.com/Technical-Support Provide feedback about this document at: www.ams.com/Document-Feedback For further information and requests, e-mail us at: ams_sales@ams.com For sales offices, distributors and representatives, please visit: www.ams.com/contact Headquarters ams AG Tobelbaderstrasse 30 8141 Premstaetten Austria, Europe Tel: +43 (0) 3136 500 0 Website: www.ams.com ams Datasheet Page 47 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement RoHS Compliant & ams Green RoHS: The term RoHS compliant means that ams AG products fully comply with current RoHS directives. Our semiconductor Statement products do not contain any chemicals for all 6 substance categories, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, RoHS compliant products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. ams Green (RoHS compliant and no Sb/Br): ams Green defines that in addition to RoHS compliance, our products are free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material). Important Information: The information provided in this statement represents ams AG knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. ams AG bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. ams AG has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. ams AG and ams AG suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. Page 48 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Copyrights & Disclaimer Copyrights & Disclaimer Copyright ams AG, Tobelbader Strasse 30, 8141 Premstaetten, Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered. All rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. Devices sold by ams AG are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its General Terms of Trade. ams AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein. ams AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with ams AG for current information. This product is intended for use in commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by ams AG for each application. This product is provided by ams AG “AS IS” and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. ams AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of ams AG rendering of technical or other services. ams Datasheet Page 49 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Document Status Document Status Document Status Product Status Definition Information in this datasheet is based on product ideas in the planning phase of development. All specifications are Product Preview Pre-Development design goals without any warranty and are subject to change without notice Information in this datasheet is based on products in the design, validation or qualification phase of development. Preliminary Datasheet Pre-Production The performance and parameters shown in this document are preliminary without any warranty and are subject to change without notice Information in this datasheet is based on products in ramp-up to full production or full production which Datasheet Production conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of Trade Information in this datasheet is based on products which conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of Datasheet (discontinued) Discontinued ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of Trade, but these products have been superseded and should not be used for new designs Page 50 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Revision Information Revision Information Changes from 1.17 (2013-Jul-04) to current revision 2-00 (2016-Feb-05) Page Content was updated to the latest ams design Added benefits to Figure 1 1 Updated Figure 6 and text above it 7 Updated text above Figure 7 10 Updated text above Figure 8 11 Updated text above Figure 10 13 Updated Figure 39 44 Updated Figure 42 47 Note(s): 1. Page and figure numbers for the previous version may differ from page and figure numbers in the current revision. 2. Correction of typographical errors is not explicitly mentioned. ams Datasheet Page 51 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Content Guide Content Guide 1 General Description 1 Key Benefits & Features 2 Applications 2 Block Diagram 3 Pin Assignment 3 Pin Description 6 Absolute Maximum Ratings 7 Electrical Characteristics 10 Magnetic Input Specification 11 System Specifications 13 Timing Characteristics 14 Detailed Description 15 Mode_Index Pin 16 Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) 18 Incremental Mode 21 Sync Mode 21 Sin/Cosine Mode 22 Daisy Chain Mode 23 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Output 24 Changing the PWM Frequency 25 Analog Output 26 Application Information 26 Programming the AS5145 27 Zero Position Programming 28 OTP Memory Assignment 29 User Selectable Settings 29 OTP Default Setting 30 Redundancy 31 Redundant Programming Option 31 OTP Register Entry and Exit Condition 32 Alignment Mode 34 3.3V / 5V Operation 35 Selecting Proper Magnet 36 Physical Placement of the Magnet 36 Magnet Placement 37 Failure Diagnostics 37 Magnetic Field Strength Diagnosis 37 Power Supply Failure Detection 38 Angular Output Tolerances 38 Accuracy 39 Transition Noise 40 High Speed Operation 41 Propagation Delays 41 Internal Timing Tolerance 42 Temperature 42 Accuracy Over Temperature 43 Differences Between AS5145H, AS5145A and AS5145B Page 52 ams Datasheet DocumentFeedback [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05

AS5145H/AS5145A/AS5145B − Content Guide 44 Package Drawings & Markings 46 Recommended PCB Footprint 47 Ordering & Contact Information 48 RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement 49 Copyrights & Disclaimer 50 Document Status 51 Revision Information ams Datasheet Page 53 [v2-00] 2016-Feb-05 DocumentFeedback

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